|
. (2023). (Vol. 96).
|
|
|
. (2023). (Vol. 11).
Keywords: Antarctica basal corticosterone disturbance Human activity Pygoscelis adeliae seabird stress response stress-induced corticosterone
Programme: 1091
|
|
|
Concepcion Sanchez-Cid, Christoph Keuschnig, Timothy M Vogel, Catherine Larose. (2023). Impact of in situ solar irradiation on snow bacterial communities and functional potential (Vol. 99).
|
|
|
Cynthia H. Whaley, Kathy S. Law, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Henrik Skov, Stephen R. Arnold, Joakim Langner, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Garance Bergeron, Ilann Bourgeois, Jesper H. Christensen, Rong-You Chien, Makoto Deushi, Xinyi Dong, Peter Effertz, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Greg Huey, Ulas Im, Rigel Kivi, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Jeff Peischl, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Tom Ryerson, Ragnhild Skeie, Sverre Solberg, Manu A. Thomas, Chelsea Thompson, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven T. Turnock, Knut von Salzen, David W. Tarasick. (2023). Arctic tropospheric ozone: assessment of current knowledge and model performance (Vol. 23).
|
|
|
. (2023). Long-range transport and deposition on the Arctic snowpack of nuclear contaminated particulate matter (Vol. 452).
Abstract: The primary environmental concern related to nuclear power is the production of radioactive waste hazardous to humans and the environment. The main scientific and technological problems to address this are related to the storage and disposal of the nuclear waste and monitoring the dispersion of radioactive species into the environment. In this work, we determined an anomalously high 14C activity, well above the modern natural background, on surface and seasonal snow sampled in early May 2019 on glaciers in the Hornsund fjord area (Svalbard). Due to the lack of local sources, the high snow concentrations of 14C suggest long-range atmospheric transport of nuclear waste particles from lower latitudes, where nuclear power plants and treatment stations are located. The analysis of the synoptic and local meteorological data allowed us to associate the long-range transport of this anomalous 14C concentration to an intrusion event of a warm and humid air mass that likely brought pollutants from Central Europe to the Arctic in late April 2019. Elemental and organic carbon, trace element concentration data, and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis were performed on the same snow samples to better constrain the transport process that might have led to the high 14C radionuclide concentrations in Svalbard. In particular, the highest 14C values found in the snowpack (> 200 percent of Modern Carbon, pMC) were associated with the lowest OC/EC ratios (< 4), an indication of an anthropogenic industrial source, and with the presence of spherical particles rich in iron, zirconium, and titanium which, altogether, suggest an origin related to nuclear waste reprocessing plants. This study highlights the role of long-range transport in exposing Arctic environments to human pollution. Given that the frequency and intensity of these atmospheric warming events are predicted to increase due to ongoing climate change, improving our knowledge of their possible impact to Arctic pollution is becoming urgent.
Keywords: Arctic Nuclear waste dispersion Rain-on-snow Svalbard Warm and humid events
Programme: 1192
|
|
|
. (2023). Ecological impacts of climate change on Arctic marine megafauna (Vol. 38).
Abstract: Global warming affects the Arctic more than any other region. Mass media constantly relay apocalyptic visions of climate change threatening Arctic wildlife, especially emblematic megafauna such as polar bears, whales, and seabirds. Yet, we are just beginning to understand such ecological impacts on marine megafauna at the scale of the Arctic. This knowledge is geographically and taxonomically biased, with striking deficiencies in the Russian Arctic and strong focus on exploited species such as cod. Beyond a synthesis of scientific advances in the past 5 years, we provide ten key questions to be addressed by future work and outline the requested methodology. This framework builds upon long-term Arctic monitoring inclusive of local communities whilst capitalising on high-tech and big data approaches.
Keywords: biogeography citizen science global change long-term monitoring oceanography polar
Programme: 388
|
|
|
. (2023). Recruitment dynamics of Hiatella arctica within a high Arctic site (Young Sound Fjord, NE Greenland) (Vol. 46).
Abstract: Recruitment dynamics including what determines the success or failure of Arctic benthic invertebrates are poorly known despite their important role for population dynamics. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of extreme physical constraints related to freshwater discharge on the recruitment of a dominant bivalve Hiatella arctica within a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We collected young recruits over several sampling periods from 2016 to 2018 at two contrasting sites (inner vs. middle fjord) for 5-weeks to 12-months and measured their abundance, size at metamorphosis and lipid class composition. Young stages of H. arctica settled from June to the end of October, when trophic conditions are optimal. We hypothesize that growth stops during winter due to poor trophic conditions. Data suggest that abundance of recruits, their total lipid concentration and composition of lipid classes are similar at both sites. However, size classes were different with six separate cohorts detected at one station and one at the inner station, which may be attributed to discrete spawning events and possible secondary migration. Based on an assessment of their potential age, we hypothesize that spat batches recruiting earlier in the summer exhibit better growth performance probably related to better food quality and quantity.
Keywords: Arctic Bivalve recruitment Lipids classes Prodissoconch II
Programme: 1158
|
|
|
Desoubeaux G., Boulinier T., Jorry T., Bocquet C., Lemonnier C., Robin J-p., Bize P., Baron J., Chesnay A., Bailly E., Stier A., Viblanc V.A. (2023). Fungal contamination in the environment of penguin communities in the French Southern Territories.
|
|
|
Diane Espel, Camille Coux, Luis R. Pertierra, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Jonas J. Lembrechts, David Renault. (2023). Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient (Vol. 14).
Abstract: Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude.
Keywords: Amblystogenium pacificum Carabidae dimorphism French sub-Antarctic islands functional diversity melanism thermal tolerance
Programme: 136
|
|
|
Douce P., Saiz H., Benot M.-l., Mermillod-blondin F., Simon L., Renault D., Vallier F., Oury Y., Fontaine M., Bittebiere A.-k. (2023). Functional characteristics rather than co-occurrences determine the outcome of interactions between neighbouring plants in sub-Antarctic ponds: Consequences for macrophyte community biomass (Vol. 68).
|
|