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Author Coline Marciau, David Costantini, Sophie Bestley, Olivia Hicks, Mark A. Hindell, Akiko Kato, Thierry Raclot, Cécile Ribout, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Frederic Angelier doi  openurl
  Title Environmental Drivers of Growth and Oxidative Status during Early Life in a Long-Lived Antarctic Seabird, the Adélie Penguin Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Physiological and biochemical zoology: PBZ Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 96 Issue 3 Pages 177-191  
  Keywords Adélie penguin Animals Antarctic Regions brood competition brood size early life hatching order oxidative stress Oxidative Stress protein carbonyls reactive oxygen metabolites Spheniscidae  
  Abstract AbstractIn vertebrates, developmental conditions can have long-term effects on individual performance. It is increasingly recognized that oxidative stress could be one physiological mechanism connecting early-life experience to adult phenotype. Accordingly, markers of oxidative status could be useful for assessing the developmental constraints encountered by offspring. Although some studies have demonstrated that developmental constraints are associated with high levels of oxidative stress in offspring, it remains unclear how growth, parental behavior, and brood competition may altogether affect oxidative stress in long-lived species in the wild. Here, we investigated this question in a long-lived Antarctic bird species by testing the impact of brood competition (e.g., brood size and hatching order) on body mass and on two markers of oxidative damage in Adélie penguin chicks. We also examined the influence of parental effort (i.e., foraging trip duration) and parental body condition on chick body mass and oxidative damage. First, we found that brood competition and parental traits had significant impacts on chick body mass. Second, we found that chick age and, to a lesser extent, chick body mass were two strong determinants of the levels of oxidative damage in Adélie penguin chicks. Finally, and importantly, we also found that brood competition significantly increased the levels of one marker of oxidative damage and was associated with a lower survival probability. However, parental effort and parental condition were not significantly linked to chick levels of oxidative damage. Overall, our study demonstrates that sibling competition can generate an oxidative cost even for this long-lived Antarctic species with a limited brood size (maximum of two chicks).  
  Programme 1091  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1537-5293 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8766  
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Author Coline Marciau, Thierry Raclot, Sophie Bestley, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Mark Andrew Hindell, Akiko Kato, Charline Parenteau, Timothée Poupart, Cécile Ribout, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Frédéric Angelier doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Body condition and corticosterone stress response, as markers to investigate effects of human activities on Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue Pages  
  Keywords Antarctica basal corticosterone disturbance Human activity Pygoscelis adeliae seabird stress response stress-induced corticosterone  
  Abstract In Antarctica, there is growing concern about the potential effect of anthropogenic activities (i.e., tourism, research) on wildlife, especially since human activities are developing at an unprecedented rate. Although guidelines exist to mitigate negative impacts, fundamental data are currently lacking to reliably assess impacts. Physiological tools, such as circulating corticosterone levels, appear promising to assess the potential impact of human disturbance on Antarctic vertebrates. In this study, we compared the body condition, and the physiological sensitivity to stress (i.e., basal and stress-induced corticosterone level) of adult and chick Adélie penguins between a disturbed and an undisturbed area (i.e., 2 colonies located in the middle of a research station exposed to intense human activities and 2 colonies located on protected islands with minimal human disturbance). We did not find any significant impact of human activities on body condition and corticosterone levels in adults (incubating adults, brooding adults). In chicks, there were significant inter-colony variations in stress-induced corticosterone levels. Specifically, the chicks from the disturbed colonies tended to have higher stress-induced corticosterone levels than the chicks from the protected areas although this difference between areas was not significant. Overall, our study suggests that this species is not dramatically impacted by human activities, at least when humans and penguins have cohabited for several decades. Our results support therefore the idea that this species is likely to be tolerant to human disturbance and this corroborates with the persistence of Adélie penguin colonies in the middle of the research station. However, our results also suggest that chicks might be more sensitive to human disturbance than adults and might therefore potentially suffer from human disturbance. In addition, and independently of human disturbance we also found significant differences in adult body condition, and chick corticosterone level between colonies, suggesting that other individual and environmental variables outweigh the potential minor impact of human disturbance on these variables. Combining corticosterone with complementary stress-related physiological markers, such as heart rate, may strengthen further studies examining whether human disturbance may have subtle detrimental impacts on individuals.  
  Programme 1091  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 2296-701X Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8762  
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Author Concepcion Sanchez-Cid, Christoph Keuschnig, Timothy M Vogel, Catherine Larose doi  openurl
  Title Impact of in situ solar irradiation on snow bacterial communities and functional potential Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication FEMS Microbiology Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 99 Issue 6 Pages fiad042  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Polar regions are increasingly exposed to ultraviolet light due to ozone depletion. Snowpacks contain photochemically active particles that, when irradiated, can lead to the production and accumulation of reactive species that can induce oxidative stress on snow microorganisms. This could generate a selective pressure on snowpack bacteria. In this study, snow microcosms were buried in a snowpack at Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard), either exposed to solar irradiation or incubated in the dark for 10 days, and the bacterial response to solar irradiation was evaluated in situ using a metagenomics approach. Solar irradiation induced a significant decrease in bacterial abundance and richness. Genes involved in glutathione synthesis, sulphur metabolism, and multidrug efflux were significantly enriched in the light, whereas genes related to cell wall assembly and nutrient uptake were more abundant in the dark. This is the first study demonstrating the response of snow bacterial communities to solar irradiation in situ and providing insights into the mechanisms involved. Our research shows that polar sun irradiation is sufficiently intense to impose a selective pressure on snow bacteria and supports the concern that increased ultraviolet exposure due to anthropogenic activities and climatic change could drive critical changes in the structure and functioning of snow bacterial communities.  
  Programme 1192  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0168-6496 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8539  
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Author Cynthia H. Whaley, Kathy S. Law, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Henrik Skov, Stephen R. Arnold, Joakim Langner, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Garance Bergeron, Ilann Bourgeois, Jesper H. Christensen, Rong-You Chien, Makoto Deushi, Xinyi Dong, Peter Effertz, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Greg Huey, Ulas Im, Rigel Kivi, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Jeff Peischl, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Tom Ryerson, Ragnhild Skeie, Sverre Solberg, Manu A. Thomas, Chelsea Thompson, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven T. Turnock, Knut von Salzen, David W. Tarasick doi  openurl
  Title Arctic tropospheric ozone: assessment of current knowledge and model performance Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 23 Issue 1 Pages 637-661  
  Keywords  
  Abstract As the third most important greenhouse gas (GHG) after carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), tropospheric ozone (O3) is also an air pollutant causing damage to human health and ecosystems. This study brings together recent research on observations and modeling of tropospheric O3 in the Arctic, a rapidly warming and sensitive environment. At different locations in the Arctic, the observed surface O3 seasonal cycles are quite different. Coastal Arctic locations, for example, have a minimum in the springtime due to O3 depletion events resulting from surface bromine chemistry. In contrast, other Arctic locations have a maximum in the spring. The 12 state-of-the-art models used in this study lack the surface halogen chemistry needed to simulate coastal Arctic surface O3 depletion in the springtime; however, the multi-model median (MMM) has accurate seasonal cycles at non-coastal Arctic locations. There is a large amount of variability among models, which has been previously reported, and we show that there continues to be no convergence among models or improved accuracy in simulating tropospheric O3 and its precursor species. The MMM underestimates Arctic surface O3 by 5 % to 15 % depending on the location. The vertical distribution of tropospheric O3 is studied from recent ozonesonde measurements and the models. The models are highly variable, simulating free-tropospheric O3 within a range of ±50 % depending on the model and the altitude. The MMM performs best, within ±8 % for most locations and seasons. However, nearly all models overestimate O3 near the tropopause (∼300 hPa or ∼8 km), likely due to ongoing issues with underestimating the altitude of the tropopause and excessive downward transport of stratospheric O3 at high latitudes. For example, the MMM is biased high by about 20 % at Eureka. Observed and simulated O3 precursors (CO, NOx, and reservoir PAN) are evaluated throughout the troposphere. Models underestimate wintertime CO everywhere, likely due to a combination of underestimating CO emissions and possibly overestimating OH. Throughout the vertical profile (compared to aircraft measurements), the MMM underestimates both CO and NOx but overestimates PAN. Perhaps as a result of competing deficiencies, the MMM O3 matches the observed O3 reasonably well. Our findings suggest that despite model updates over the last decade, model results are as highly variable as ever and have not increased in accuracy for representing Arctic tropospheric O3.  
  Programme 1215  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1680-7316 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8507  
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Author David Cappelletti, Žilvinas Ežerinskis, Justina Šapolaitė, Laurynas Bučinskas, Bartłomiej Luks, Adam Nawrot, Catherine Larose, Paolo Tuccella, Jean Charles Gallet, Stefano Crocchianti, Federica Bruschi, Beatrice Moroni, Andrea Spolaor doi  openurl
  Title Long-range transport and deposition on the Arctic snowpack of nuclear contaminated particulate matter Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Journal of Hazardous Materials Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 452 Issue Pages 131317  
  Keywords Arctic Nuclear waste dispersion Rain-on-snow Svalbard Warm and humid events  
  Abstract The primary environmental concern related to nuclear power is the production of radioactive waste hazardous to humans and the environment. The main scientific and technological problems to address this are related to the storage and disposal of the nuclear waste and monitoring the dispersion of radioactive species into the environment. In this work, we determined an anomalously high 14C activity, well above the modern natural background, on surface and seasonal snow sampled in early May 2019 on glaciers in the Hornsund fjord area (Svalbard). Due to the lack of local sources, the high snow concentrations of 14C suggest long-range atmospheric transport of nuclear waste particles from lower latitudes, where nuclear power plants and treatment stations are located. The analysis of the synoptic and local meteorological data allowed us to associate the long-range transport of this anomalous 14C concentration to an intrusion event of a warm and humid air mass that likely brought pollutants from Central Europe to the Arctic in late April 2019. Elemental and organic carbon, trace element concentration data, and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis were performed on the same snow samples to better constrain the transport process that might have led to the high 14C radionuclide concentrations in Svalbard. In particular, the highest 14C values found in the snowpack (> 200 percent of Modern Carbon, pMC) were associated with the lowest OC/EC ratios (< 4), an indication of an anthropogenic industrial source, and with the presence of spherical particles rich in iron, zirconium, and titanium which, altogether, suggest an origin related to nuclear waste reprocessing plants. This study highlights the role of long-range transport in exposing Arctic environments to human pollution. Given that the frequency and intensity of these atmospheric warming events are predicted to increase due to ongoing climate change, improving our knowledge of their possible impact to Arctic pollution is becoming urgent.  
  Programme 1192  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-3894 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8544  
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Author David Grémillet, Sébastien Descamps doi  openurl
  Title Ecological impacts of climate change on Arctic marine megafauna Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Trends in Ecology & Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 38 Issue 8 Pages 773-783  
  Keywords biogeography citizen science global change long-term monitoring oceanography polar  
  Abstract Global warming affects the Arctic more than any other region. Mass media constantly relay apocalyptic visions of climate change threatening Arctic wildlife, especially emblematic megafauna such as polar bears, whales, and seabirds. Yet, we are just beginning to understand such ecological impacts on marine megafauna at the scale of the Arctic. This knowledge is geographically and taxonomically biased, with striking deficiencies in the Russian Arctic and strong focus on exploited species such as cod. Beyond a synthesis of scientific advances in the past 5 years, we provide ten key questions to be addressed by future work and outline the requested methodology. This framework builds upon long-term Arctic monitoring inclusive of local communities whilst capitalising on high-tech and big data approaches.  
  Programme 388  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-5347 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8628  
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Author Delphine Veillard, Réjean Tremblay, Mikael K. Sejr, Laurent Chauvaud, Emmanuelle Cam, Frédéric Olivier doi  openurl
  Title Recruitment dynamics of Hiatella arctica within a high Arctic site (Young Sound Fjord, NE Greenland) Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Polar biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1275-1286  
  Keywords Arctic Bivalve recruitment Lipids classes Prodissoconch II  
  Abstract Recruitment dynamics including what determines the success or failure of Arctic benthic invertebrates are poorly known despite their important role for population dynamics. The main objective of this study was to assess the potential influence of extreme physical constraints related to freshwater discharge on the recruitment of a dominant bivalve Hiatella arctica within a High Arctic fjord (Young Sound, NE Greenland). We collected young recruits over several sampling periods from 2016 to 2018 at two contrasting sites (inner vs. middle fjord) for 5-weeks to 12-months and measured their abundance, size at metamorphosis and lipid class composition. Young stages of H. arctica settled from June to the end of October, when trophic conditions are optimal. We hypothesize that growth stops during winter due to poor trophic conditions. Data suggest that abundance of recruits, their total lipid concentration and composition of lipid classes are similar at both sites. However, size classes were different with six separate cohorts detected at one station and one at the inner station, which may be attributed to discrete spawning events and possible secondary migration. Based on an assessment of their potential age, we hypothesize that spat batches recruiting earlier in the summer exhibit better growth performance probably related to better food quality and quantity.  
  Programme 1158  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-2056 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8664  
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Author Desoubeaux G., Boulinier T., Jorry T., Bocquet C., Lemonnier C., Robin J-p., Bize P., Baron J., Chesnay A., Bailly E., Stier A., Viblanc V.A openurl 
  Title Fungal contamination in the environment of penguin communities in the French Southern Territories Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year (down) 2023 Publication 11th International Penguin Conference, 4-9 September 2023, Viña del Mar, Chile Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 119  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8729  
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Author Diane Espel, Camille Coux, Luis R. Pertierra, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Jonas J. Lembrechts, David Renault doi  openurl
  Title Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Insects Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 123  
  Keywords Amblystogenium pacificum Carabidae dimorphism French sub-Antarctic islands functional diversity melanism thermal tolerance  
  Abstract Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude.  
  Programme 136  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2075-4450 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8680  
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Author Douce P., Saiz H., Benot M.-l., Mermillod-blondin F., Simon L., Renault D., Vallier F., Oury Y., Fontaine M., Bittebiere A.-k. openurl 
  Title Functional characteristics rather than co-occurrences determine the outcome of interactions between neighbouring plants in sub-Antarctic ponds: Consequences for macrophyte community biomass Type Journal
  Year (down) 2023 Publication Freshwater biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages 561-576  
  Keywords  
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  Programme 136  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8677  
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