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Larnier, H., Sailhac, P., & Chambodut, A. (2016). New application of wavelets in magnetotelluric data processing: reducing impedance bias. , , . Earth planets and space, 68(1), 70.
Abstract: Magnetotelluric (MT) data consist of the sum of several types of natural sources including transient and quasiperiodic signals and noise sources (instrumental, anthropogenic) whose nature has to be taken into account in MT data processing. Most processing techniques are based on a Fourier transform of MT time series, and robust statistics at a fixed frequency are used to compute the MT response functions, but only a few take into account the nature of the sources. Moreover, to reduce the influence of noise in the inversion of the response functions, one often sets up another MT station called a remote station. However, even careful setup of this remote station cannot prevent its failure in some cases. Here, we propose the use of the continuous wavelet transform on magnetotelluric time series to reduce the influence of noise even for single site processing. We use two different types of wavelets, Cauchy and Morlet, according to the shape of observed geomagnetic events. We show that by using wavelet coefficients at clearly identified geomagnetic events, we are able to recover the unbiased response function obtained through robust remote processing algorithms. This makes it possible to process even single station sites and increase the confidence in data interpretation.
Programme: 139
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Huchon Florence . (2016). Exploitation des données de terrain acquises sur un glacier côtier Antarctique en vue de simulations numériques de sa dynamique.
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Marie G.P. Cavitte · Don D. Blankenship · Duncan A. Young · Frederic Parrenin · Catherine Ritz · Jason L. Roberts · Tas van Ommen · Dustin M. Schroeder · Martin J. Siegert · Emmanuel le Meur. (2016). Old ice and the stability of the Byrd-Totten Glacier divide region, Poster, IPICS Workshop , March2016, Hobart, Tasmania.
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Ritz Catherine, Hugh Corr, Fred Parrenin, Duncan Young, Jason Roberts, Olivier Passalacqua, Rob Mulvaney, Massimo Frezzotti, Luca Vittuari and others from the DC survey group. (2016). Oldest Ice reconnaissance in the vicinity of Concordia. Plans for a collaborative data-modelling approach.
Abstract: Recovering a 1.5 million years record of climate and greenhouse gases from Antarctica is a major objective of the ice core community and there is an agreement that such "Oldest Ice" could be found in the plateau area of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The region around the permanent station of Concordia (East Antarctica) is among the few possible spots. In the framework of IPICS, it was decided to have a consortium to work on the reconnaissance for Oldest Ice in the region of Dome C. We present here the field measurements that are planned or already going on and how we plan to associate heterogenous observations and ice flow/thermal modelling to infer optimal location. The key issue for retrieving very old ice in central regions is to avoid zones with basal melting at the ice bed interface because this process removes basal layers. Modelling approach is a tool to make predictions about the thermal type of ice-bed interface as well as chronology of the deep layers, however it is limited by the badly known geothermal heat flux value and this approach has to be combined with field observations. The measurements we are considering are radar measurements (airborne, ground based, and pRES), relatively shallow drillings to measure temperature vertical profile and strain net survey.
Programme: 902
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Battandier, M.; Bonal, L.; Quirico, E.; Beck, P.; Engrand, C.; Duprat, J. (2016). Characterization of the Organic Matter and Hydration State of a Series of Antarctic Micrometeorites.
Abstract: 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, held March 21-25, 2016 at The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1903, p.1475The IR and Raman studies of Antarctic micrometeorites in comparison to CR/CM chondrites reveal some variability in terms of their organic matter and mineralogy.
Programme: 1120
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Casado, M. A. Landais, V. Masson-Delmotte, C. Genthon, E. Kerstel, S. Kassi, L. Arnaud, G. Picard, F. Prie, O. Cattani, H.-C. Steen-Larsen, E. Vignon, and P. Cermak. (2016). Continuous measurements of isotopic composition of water vapour on the East Antarctic Plateau (Vol. 16). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Water stable isotopes in central Antarctic ice cores are critical to quantify past temperature changes. Accurate temperature reconstructions require one to understand the processes controlling surface snow isotopic composition. Isotopic fractionation processes occurring in the atmosphere and controlling snowfall isotopic composition are well understood theoretically and implemented in atmospheric models. However, post-deposition processes are poorly documented and understood. To quantitatively interpret the isotopic composition of water archived in ice cores, it is thus essential to study the continuum between surface water vapour, precipitation, surface snow and buried snow. Here, we target the isotopic composition of water vapour at Concordia Station, where the oldest EPICA Dome C ice cores have been retrieved. While snowfall and surface snow sampling is routinely performed, accurate measurements of surface water vapour are challenging in such cold and dry conditions. New developments in infrared spectroscopy enable now the measurement of isotopic composition in water vapour traces. Two infrared spectrometers have been deployed at Concordia, allowing continuous, in situ measurements for 1 month in December 2014–January 2015. Comparison of the results from infrared spectroscopy with laboratory measurements of discrete samples trapped using cryogenic sampling validates the relevance of the method to measure isotopic composition in dry conditions. We observe very large diurnal cycles in isotopic composition well correlated with temperature diurnal cycles. Identification of different behaviours of isotopic composition in the water vapour associated with turbulent or stratified regime indicates a strong impact of meteorological processes in local vapour/snow interaction. Even if the vapour isotopic composition seems to be, at least part of the time, at equilibrium with the local snow, the slope of δD against δ18O prevents us from identifying a unique origin leading to this isotopic composition.
Programme: 1110,1013
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Rysman, J.-F., A. Lahellec, E. Vignon, C. Genthon, and S. Verrier. (2016). Characterisation of atmospheric Ekman Spirals at Dome C, Antarctica. Boundary-layer meteorology, 160(2), 363–373.
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Coquereau, L., Grall, J., Chauvaud, L., Gervaise, C., Jolivet, A., Clavier, J., and Di Iorio, L. (2016). Sound production and associated behaviors of benthic invertebrates from northeast atlantic maerl beds. Mar. Biol., 163(5), 127.
Abstract: Maerl beds are among the most endangered habitats in coastal temperate waters and a priority for conservation. Passive acoustics is a potential non-intrusive approach for surveying this fragile ecosystem with minor disturbances. Invertebrate sounds can be major contributors to natural coastal soundscapes but are not well studied. We conducted controlled tank-based experiments to identify sound-producing invertebrates inhabiting north-east Atlantic maerl beds and to characterise their sounds in terms of frequency features and source levels. We also determined which sound types are able to be detected above natural maerl ambient noise and suitable for in situ monitoring. Tank recording sessions of 20 abundant and potentially soniferous invertebrates from maerl beds revealed eight soniferous species and 15 different sound types. Two new sound-producing families were identified, Calyptraeidae and Majidae. Six sound types had properties consistent with detectability and identification for in situ acoustic studies: the feeding sound of sea urchins Echinus esculentus, Paracentrotus lividus and Psammechinus miliaris, snapping sound of the snapping shrimp Athanas nitescens, and feeding and other sounds of the spider crab Maja brachydactyla. Estimated detection distances ranged from a few metres for sea urchin feeding sounds up to about 40 m for A. nitescens snaps and spider crab feeding sounds. These invertebrates, particularly A. nitescens, probably make a substantial contribution to the maerl ambient noise. This invertebrate sound library sets a basis for in situ acoustic studies.
Programme: 1090
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Yonehara, Y., Goto, Y., Yoda, K., Watanuki, Y., Young, L.C., Weimerskirch, H., Bost, C.A., Sato, K. (2016). Flight paths of seabirds soaring over the ocean surface enable measurement of fine-scale wind speed and direction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 113(32), 9039–9044.
Abstract: Ocean surface winds are an essential factor in understanding the physical interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean.Surface winds measured by satellite scatterometers and buoys cover most of the global ocean; however, there are still spatial and temporal gaps and finer-scale variations of wind that may beoverlooked, particularly in coastal areas. Here, we show that flight paths of soaring seabirds can be used to estimate fine-scale (every 5 min, ∼5 km) ocean surface winds. Fine-scale global positioning system (GPS) positional data revealed that soaring seabirds flew tortuously and ground speed fluctuated presumably due to tail winds and head winds. Taking advantage of the ground speeddifference in relation to flight direction, we reliably estimated wind speed and direction experienced by the birds. These birdbased wind velocities were significantly correlated with wind velocities estimated by satellite-borne scatterometers. Furthermore, extensive travel distances and flight duration of the seabirds enabled a wide range of high-resolution wind observations, especially in coastal areas. Our study suggests that seabirds provide a platform from which to measure ocean surface winds, potentially complementing conventional wind measurements by covering spatial and temporal measurement gaps.
Programme: 394
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Thiers, L.,Delord K.,Bost, C.A., Guinet, C., Weimerskirch, H. (2016). Important marine sectors for the top predator community aroundKerguelen Archipelago. Polar Biol., 40(2), 365–378.
Abstract: The French Kerguelen Archipelago represents an important breeding place for many species of marine top predators within the Southern Ocean, making the plateau hosting the archipelago and surrounding waters (CCAMLR area 58.5) a crucial area to design conservation measures.In this study, available tracking data from nine species of seabirds and marine mammals breeding at Kerguelen were analysed to define potential boundaries for a Marine Protected Area. Maps of time spent per square of each species were first used to describe high-use areas within the KerguelenPlateau. Habitat models were then developed for four species (Black-browed albatross, Wandering albatross,King penguin and Antarctic fur seal) chosen on the basis of their contrasted foraging ecology and diet to represent the top predator community. Predictive models were then applied to the main colonies of the four species for which no tracking data were available to illustrate the most important feeding areas at the scale of the entire study zone. An area delineated by the central part of the plateau and its slopes appeared to be of great importance for the toppredators’ community and would appropriately complete the limits of the existing Australian marine reserve of Heard and McDonald Islands.
Programme: 394
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