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Goutte Aurélie, Cherel Yves, Houssais Marie-Noëlle, Klein Vincent, Ozouf-Costaz Catherine, Raccurt Mireille, Robineau Camille, Massé Guillaume, . (2013). Diatom-Specific Highly Branched Isoprenoids as Biomarkers in Antarctic Consumers . PLOS ONE, 8(2), e56504.
Abstract: The structure, functioning and dynamics of polar marine ecosystems are strongly influenced by the extent of sea ice. Ice algae and pelagic phytoplankton represent the primary sources of nutrition for higher trophic-level organisms in seasonally ice-covered areas, but their relative contributions to polar marine consumers remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the potential of diatom-specific lipid markers and highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs) for estimating the importance of these two carbon pools in an Antarctic pelagic ecosystem. Using GC-MS analysis, we studied HBI biomarkers in key marine species over three years in Adélie Land, Antarctica: euphausiids (ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias and Antarctic krill E. superba), fish (bald notothens Pagothenia borchgrevinki and Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum) and seabirds (Adélie penguins Pygoscelis adeliae, snow petrels Pagodroma nivea and cape petrels Daption capense). This study provides the first evidence of the incorporation of HBI lipids in Antarctic pelagic consumers. Specifically, a di-unsaturated HBI (diene) of sea ice origin was more abundant in ice-associated species than in pelagic species, whereas a tri-unsaturated HBI (triene) of phytoplanktonic origin was more abundant in pelagic species than in ice-associated species. Moreover, the relative abundances of diene and triene in seabird tissues and eggs were higher during a year of good sea ice conditions than in a year of poor ice conditions. In turn, the higher contribution of ice algal derived organic matter to the diet of seabirds was related to earlier breeding and higher breeding success. HBI biomarkers are a promising tool for estimating the contribution of organic matter derived from ice algae in pelagic consumers from Antarctica.
Programme: 109,131,1024
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Thierry Anne-Mathilde, Massemin Sylvie, Handrich Yves, Raclot Thierry, . (2013). Elevated corticosterone levels and severe weather conditions decrease parental investment of incubating Adélie penguins . Hormones and Behavior, 63(3), 475–483.
Abstract: Corticosterone, the main stress hormone in birds, mediates resource allocation, allowing animals to adjust their physiology and behaviour to changes in the environment. Incubation is a time and energy-consuming phase of the avian reproductive cycle. It may be terminated prematurely, when the parents' energy stores are depleted or when environmental conditions are severe. In this study, the effects of experimentally elevated baseline corticosterone levels on the parental investment of incubating male Adelie penguins were investigated. Incubation duration and reproductive success of 60 penguins were recorded. The clutches of some birds were replaced by dummy eggs, which recorded egg temperatures and rotation rates, enabling a detailed investigation of incubation behaviour. Corticosterone levels of treated birds were 2.4-fold higher than those of controls 18 days post treatment. Exogenous corticosterone triggered nest desertion in 61% of the treated birds; consequently reducing reproductive success, indicating that corticosterone can reduce or disrupt parental investment. Regarding egg temperatures, hypothermic events became more frequent and more pronounced in treated birds, before these birds eventually abandoned their nest. The treatment also significantly decreased incubation temperatures by 1.3 degrees C and lengthened the incubation period by 2.1 days. However, the number of chicks at hatching was similar among successful nests, regardless of treatment. Weather conditions appeared to be particularly important in determining the extent to which corticosterone levels affected the behaviour of penguins, as treated penguins were more sensitive to severe weather conditions. This underlines the importance of considering the interactions of organisms with their environment in studies of animal behaviour and ecophysiology.
Keywords: Egg temperature and rotation rate, Glucocorticoids, Incubation behaviour, Pygoscelis adeliae, Seabird, Weather conditions,
Programme: 394,1091
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Bernard É, Friedt JM, Saintenoy A, Tolle F, Griselin M, Marlin C, . (2014). Where does a glacier end? GPR measurements to identify the limits between valley slopes and actual glacier body. Application to the Austre Lovénbreen, Spitsbergen . International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 27, Part A(A), 100–108.
Keywords: Ground penetrating Radar, Glacier limit, Arctic, Spitsbergen, Polar glacier,
Programme: 1108,1111
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Casado, M., Leroy-Dos Santos, C., Fourré, E., Favier, V., Agosta, C., Arnaud, L., Prié, F., Akers, P. D., Janssen, L., Kittel, C., Savarino, J., and Landais, A.. (2022). Water vapor isotopic signature along the EAIIST traverse.
Abstract: Stable Water Isotopes Are A Tracer Of Hydrological Processes And A Paleoclimate Proxy From Ice Core Records. The Interpretation Of The Latter Relies On Fractionation Processes Throughout The Hydrological Cycle, From The Evaporation Over The Ocean, During Each Precipitation Event, And During Post-deposition Processes, In Particular Due To The Exchanges Between The Snow And The Moisture In The Atmosphere. Thanks To New Developments In Infrared Spectroscopy, It Is Now Possible To Monitor Not Only The Snow Isotopic Composition But Also The Vapour Continuously, And Thus Document Exchanges Between The Snow And The Vapour. On The East Antarctic Plateau, Records Of Water Vapour Isotopic Composition In Kohnen And Dome C During Summer Have Revealed Significant Diurnal Variability Which Can Be Used To Address The Exchange Between Surface Snow And Atmospheric Water Vapour As Well As The Stability Of The Atmospheric Boundary Layer. in This Study, We Present The First Vapour Monitoring On A Transect Across East Antarctica For A Period Of 3 Months From November 2019 To February 2020 During The Eaiist Traverse, Covering More Than 3600 Km. In Parallel, We Also Monitored The Vapour Isotopic Composition At Two Stations: Dumont D’urville (Ddu), The Starting Point, And Dome C, Half Way Through. Efforts On The Calibration On Each Monitoring Station, As Well As Cross-calibration Of The Different Instruments Offer A Unique Opportunity To Compare Both The Spatial And Temporal (Diurnal Variability Or At The Scale Of Several Days) Gradients Of Humidity, Temperature And Water Vapour Isotopic Composition In East Antarctica During The Summer Season. with The Use Of The Modele Atmospherique Régional (Mar), We Compare The Variability Measured In Water Vapour Isotopic Composition, Temperature And Humidity With The Different Systems (Fixed Or Mobile Location). Although Further Comparisons With The Surface Snow Isotopic Composition Are Required To Quantify The Impact Of The Snow-atmosphere Exchanges On The Local Surface Mass Balance, These Three Simultaneous Measurements Of The Vapour Isotopic Composition Show The Potential Of Using Water Stables Isotopes To Evaluate Hydrological Processes In East Antarctica.
Programme: 1205
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Noiret A., Viblanc V., Bocquet C., Lemmonier C., Lewden A., Robin Jp., Bize P. &Amp; Stier A. (2023). HotPenguin: stress thermique et agressivité soutiennent l’hypothèse température-agression chez le manchot royal en période de reproduction.
Abstract: Les endothermes polaires et subpolaires, adaptés à un climat froid, pourraient se révéler particulièrement sensibles au stress thermique dans un contexte de réchauffement global. L'hypothèse température-agression – qui propose un lien causal entre températures ambiantes élevées et motivation agressive – pourrait accentuer le stress thermique. Essentiellement étudiée pour des raisons socio-économiques, l’hypothèse est peu investiguée chez les espèces sauvages. L’étude de manchots royaux en période de reproduction (n= 85, Crozet), a permis de mettre en évidence des relations positives entre paramètres climatiques (température, radiation solaire), température sous-cutanée, indicateurs comportementaux de stress thermique (halètement, écartement des ailerons) et agressivité envers les congénères. Nos résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives écologiques pour l'hypothèse température-agression, et encouragent l'étude du stress thermique dans les écosystèmes polaires.
Programme: 119
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J.-P. Feral, E. Poulin, C. De Ridder, T. Saucede. (2019). A field guide to coastal echinoderms of the Kerguelen Islands (Vol. 15).
Keywords: beam-trawling
Programme: 1044
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Yves Cherel. (2021). ?Mastigoteuthis B Clarke, 1980, is a junior synonym of Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (Lu, 1977) (Cephalopoda, Oegopsida, Chiroteuthidae), a rare cosmopolitan deep-sea squid (Vol. 51).
Abstract: The present work resolved the long-standing taxonomic problem associated with the enigmatic ?Mastigoteuthis B Clarke, 1980, by demonstrating that these lower beaks correspond to those of the large deep-sea chiroteuthid Asperoteuthis acanthoderma (Lu, 1977). A review of the existing literature listed 22 specimens of A. acanthoderma, but synonymizing ?Mastigoteuthis B with A. acanthoderma increased 14 times the species record worldwide. Pooling the data from both specimens and beaks (a total of 329 individuals) indicates that the species has a circumglobal distribution, since it occurs in tropical and subtropical waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. The synonymization also highlights trophic relationships of the species as a prey of top marine predators. Lower beaks of A. acanthoderma were mostly found in stomachs of sperm whales, but a few beaks were also recorded from stomach contents of sharks, swordfish and the wandering albatross.
Programme: 109
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Mey E., Chastel O. & Beaucournu J.C. (2002). A 'penguin' chewing louse Nesiotinus on a Kerguelen Diving-petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix exsul) : an indication of a phylogenetic relationship ? J. Ornithol., 143, 472–476.
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Labonne, J. (2016). A (quick) panorama of salmonids invasion research in Kerguelen islands. .
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Planchon F.A.M., Van De Velde K., Rosman K.J.R., Wolff E.W., Ferrari C.P. & Boutron C.F. (2003). A 150 year record of lead isotopes in Antarctic snow from Coatsland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 67, 693–708.
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