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Dominique A. Cowart, Stefano Schiaparelli, Maria Chiara Alvaro, Matteo Cecchetto, Anne-Sophie Le Port, Didier Jollivet, Stephane Hourdez. (2022). Origin, diversity, and biogeography of Antarctic scale worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae): a wide-scale barcoding approach (Vol. 12).
Keywords: Antarctic biogeography benthic invertebrate DNA barcoding gene flow polynoid Southern Ocean species connectivity
Programme: 1044
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. (2022). (Vol. 283).
Keywords: Antarctic cold reversal Be CRE dating Cl CRE dating Glacier fluctuations Holocene Kerguelen islands Late glacial Paleoclimate Southern mid-latitudes Sub-Antarctic
Programme: 1077
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Lvaro L. Pea Cantero. (2022). On a few benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Kerguelen Islands (southern Indian Ocean), including the description of a new species (Vol. 5165).
Abstract: A few samples of benthic hydroids from the remote Kerguelen Islands have been studied. The material was collected within the French research program ProteKer in 2013 and 2014. Six species were found in the material, four anthoathecates and two leptothecates; two of the species were identified only to genus level. All species, including Candelabrum bitentaculatum sp. nov., are described and discussed.
Keywords: Animal Distribution Animals Hydrozoa Indian Ocean Islands
Programme: 1044
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Roman Sulzbach, Hartmut Wziontek, Michael Hart-Davis, Henryk Dobslaw, Hans-Georg Scherneck, Michel Van Camp, Ove Christian Dahl Omang, Ezequiel D. Antokoletz, Christian Voigt, Denise Dettmering, Maik Thomas. (2022). Modeling gravimetric signatures of third-degree ocean tides and their detection in superconducting gravimeter records (Vol. 96).
Keywords: Degree-3 tides Superconducting gravimetry Tidal analysis Tidal modeling Tide gauge data
Programme: 688
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. (2022). Metamorphism of snow on Arctic sea ice during the melt season: impact on spectral albedo and radiative fluxes through snow (Vol. 16).
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. (2022). Integument carotenoid-based colouration reflects contamination to perfluoroalkyl substances, but not mercury, in arctic black-legged kittiwakes (Vol. 10).
Abstract: Anthropogenic activities are introducing multiple chemical contaminants into ecosystems that act as stressors for wildlife. Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and mercury (Hg) are two relevant contaminants that may cause detrimental effects on the fitness of many aquatic organisms. However, there is a lack of information on their impact on the expression of secondary sexual signals that animals use for mate choice. We have explored the correlations between integument carotenoid-based colourations, blood levels of carotenoids, and blood levels of seven PFAS and of total Hg (THg) in 50 adult male black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) from the Norwegian Arctic during the pre-laying period, while controlling for other colouration influencing variables such as testosterone and body condition. Kittiwakes with elevated blood concentrations of PFAS (PFOSlin, PFNA, PFDcA, PFUnA, or PFDoA) had less chromatic but brighter bills, and brighter gape and tongue; PFOSlin was the pollutant with the strongest association with bill colourations. Conversely, plasma testosterone was the only significant correlate of hue and chroma of both gape and tongue, and of hue of the bill. Kittiwakes with higher concentrations of any PFAS, but not of THg, tended to have significantly higher plasma concentrations of the carotenoids astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and cryptoxanthin. Our work provides the first correlative evidence that PFAS exposure might interfere with the carotenoid metabolism and the expression of integument carotenoid-based colourations in a free-living bird species. This outcome may be a direct effect of PFAS exposure or be indirectly caused by components of diet that also correlate with elevated PFAS concentrations (e.g., proteins). It also suggests that there might be no additive effect of THg co-exposure with PFAS on the expression of colourations. These results call for further work on the possible interference of PFAS with the expression of colourations used in mate choice.
Programme: 330
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. (2022). Influence of modern environmental gradients on foraminiferal faunas in the inner Kongsfjorden (Svalbard) (Vol. 173).
Keywords: Arctic Benthic foraminifera Bioindicators Fjord hydrology Tidewater glacier
Programme: 1223
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. (2022). Images of the East African Rift System by Global Adaptive-Resolution Surface-Wave Tomography (Vol. 127).
Abstract: In this study we map the entire East African Rift System (EARS) within a global surface-wave velocity model to better constrain the structure of the underlying mantle, as well as patterns that might be associated with its continuation in the Mozambique Channel. We use all publicly available seismograms from the African continent, amounting to 1296 stations and more than 30 years of recordings. From these data, we obtain dispersion curves using both ambient noise and teleseismic earthquakes. To our measurements, we add global counterparts and jointly invert them for phase-velocity maps. We exploit a linearized inversion based on the ray theory, with an adaptive parameterization that allows for maximizing the resolution of the final maps based on the density of data coverage. We thus image the main African cratons and also some of the Archean blocks within them. We highlight the discontinuous nature of magmatic activity along the EARS and also display low-velocity anomalies beneath the Comores Archipelago, Madagascar and Bassas da India volcanic islands and seamounts. This last low-velocity anomaly is in the direct continuation of the EARS and could unveil an important magmatic system in the Mozambique Channel.
Keywords: East African Rift System surface-wave velocity model
Programme: 133
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Lucas Sawade, Stephen Beller, Wenjie Lei, Jeroen Tromp. (2022). Global centroid moment tensor solutions in a heterogeneous earth: the CMT3D catalogue (Vol. 231).
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Kristin N. Barton, Nairita Pal, Steven R. Brus, Mark R. Petersen, Brian K. Arbic, Darren Engwirda, Andrew F. Roberts, Joannes J. Westerink, Damrongsak Wirasaet, Michael Schindelegger. (2022). Global Barotropic Tide Modeling Using Inline Self-Attraction and Loading in MPAS-Ocean (Vol. 14).
Abstract: We examine ocean tides in the barotropic version of the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS-Ocean), the ocean component of the Department of Energy Earth system model. We focus on four factors that affect tidal accuracy: self-attraction and loading (SAL), model resolution, details of the underlying bathymetry, and parameterized topographic wave drag. The SAL term accounts for the tidal loading of Earth's crust and the self-gravitation of the ocean and the load-deformed Earth. A common method for calculating SAL is to decompose mass anomalies into their spherical harmonic constituents. Here, we compare a scalar SAL approximation versus an inline SAL using a fast spherical harmonic transform package. Wave drag accounts for energy lost by breaking internal tides that are produced by barotropic tidal flow over topographic features. We compare a series of successively finer quasi-uniform resolution meshes (62.9, 31.5, 15.7, and 7.87 km) to a variable resolution (45 to 5 km) configuration. We ran MPAS-Ocean in a single-layer barotropic mode forced by five tidal constituents. The 45 to 5 km variable resolution mesh obtained the best total root-mean-square error (5.4 cm) for the deep ocean (1,000 m) tide compared to TPXO8 and ran twice as fast as the quasi-uniform 8 km mesh, which had an error of 5.8 cm. This error is comparable to those found in other forward (non-assimilative) ocean tide models. In future work, we plan to use MPAS-Ocean to study tidal interactions with other Earth system components, and the tidal response to climate change.
Keywords: barotropic tides E3SM MPAS-Ocean numerical ocean modeling self-attraction and loading surface tides
Programme: 688
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