|
|
Henttonen, H., O. Gilg, E. Korpimaki, R. A. Ims, and N. G. Yoccoz. (2016). Ilkka Hanski and small mammals: from shrews to vole and lemming dynamics.in British Ecological Society, Annual meeting 2016, 11-14 December, Liverpool, UK..
|
|
|
|
van Bemmelen, R., B. Moe, S. A. Hanssen, N. M. Schmidt, and O. Gilg. (2016). Consistency of migration routes in a long-distance migratory seabird, the Long-tailed Skua.in Animal Movement International Symposium: Bridging the Gap Between Modelling and Tracking Data, Lund, Sweden..
|
|
|
|
Lang, J., B. Sittler, A. Aebischer, O. Gilg, J. Hansen, and N. M. Schmidt. (2017). Dead-end Greenland? New insights into the occurrence and movements of Snowy owls in one of their most remote habitats (6-10 March 2017). 4th International Snowy Owl Working Group. ISOWG, Milton, USA..
|
|
|
|
Sittler, B., J. Lang, O. Gilg, and A. Aebischer. (2017). The decline of snowy owls in NE Greenland as assessed by 30 years of long term monitoring on Traill Island (6-10 March 2017). 4th International Snowy Owl Working Group. ISOWG, Milton, USA..
|
|
|
|
Fort, J., H. Helgason, F. Amélineau, T. Anker-Nilssen, J. Bustnes, J. Danielsen, S. Descamps, R. Dietz, K. Elliott, K. Erikstad, A. Ezhov, M. Gavrilo, G. Gilchrist, O. Gilg, D. Grémillet, E. Hansen, S. Hanssen, M. Helberg, N. Huffeldt, J. Jónsson, A. Kitaysky, M. Langseth, S. Leclaire, T. Thorarinsson, S.-H. Lorentsen, E. Lorentzen, M. Mallory, F. Merkel, B. Moe, W. Montevecchi, A. Mosbech, B. Olsen, I. Pratte, J. Provencher, S. Ragnarsdóttir, T. Reiertsen, G. Robertson, K. Sagerup, H. Strøm, G. Systad, G. Tertitski, P. Thompson, G. Hallgrímsson, E. Tolmacheva, A. Will, K. Wojczulanis-Jakubas, and P. Bustamante. (2017). ARCTOX: a pan-Arctic sampling network to track mercury contamination across Arctic marine food webs. 13th International Conference on Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 16-21/7/17, Providence, USA..
Abstract: Arctic marine ecosystems are threatened by new risks of Hg contamination under the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Rapid change of the cryosphere might for instance release large amounts of Hg trapped in sea-ice, permafrost and terrestrial glaciers over the last decades. Sea-ice disappearance is opening new shipping areas to polluting human industries. The general warming of ocean water masses is expected to affect the cycle of Hg, thereby increasing exposure of marine organisms. Hence, Hg could have high impacts on Arctic organisms, biodiversity and ecosystems and is still a source of major environmental concerns. In that context, providing a large-scale and comprehensive understanding of the Arctic marine food-web contamination is essential to better apprehend impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate change on the exposure of Arctic species and humans to Hg. In 2015, an international sampling network (ARCTOX) has been established, allowing the collection seabird samples all around the Arctic. Seabirds are indeed good indicators of Hg contamination of marine food webs at large spatial scale. Gathering researchers from 10 countries, ARCTOX allowed the collection of >5000 samples from twelve seabird species at >40 Arctic sites in 2015 and 2016. These different species have different trophic ecologies (diets and habitats) and will therefore provide information on Hg contamination for the different compartments of Arctic marine ecosystems (i.e benthic, pelagic, epontic, coastal, oceanic). By relying on this new network and by combining Hg analyses with biotelemetry, we aim at (1) monitoring spatio-temporal variations of Hg in Arctic biota. (2) Defining Arctic hotspots of Hg contamination and highlighting sensitive areas that require particular attention and protection. (3) Identifying non-Arctic sources of Hg contamination for migratory Arctic predators.
Programme: 1036
|
|
|
|
Sittler, B., J. Lang, and O. Gilg. (2017). The responses of arctic foxes to lemming cycles in North East Greenland as assessed through a 30-year long term monitoring. 5th International Conference in Arctic Fox Biology (12-15 October), Rimouski, Canada..
|
|
|
|
Gilg, O., N. M. Schmidt, B. Sittler, J. Lang, L. H. Hansen, B. Sabard, A. Dervaux, M. Sage, P. Leguesdron, V. Gilg, L. Bollache, and D. Berteaux. (2017). Space use of Arctic fox in Greenland. 5th International Conference in Arctic Fox Biology (12-15 October), Rimouski, Canada.
|
|
|
|
Jérôme Moreau, Lucie Perroud, Loïc Bollache, Glenn Yannic, Maria Teixeira, Niels Martin Schmidt, Jeroen Reneerkens, Olivier Gilg. (2018). Discriminating uniparental and biparental breeding strategies by monitoring nest temperature (Vol. 160). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Birds exhibit a wide diversity of breeding strategies. During incubation or chick-rearing, parental care can be either uniparental, by either the male or the female, or biparental. Understanding the selective pressures that drive these different strategies represents an exciting challenge for ecologists. In this context, assigning the type of parental care at the nest (e.g. biparental or uniparental incubation strategy) is often a prerequisite to answering questions in evolutionary ecology. The aim of this study was to produce a standardized method unequivocally to assign an incubation strategy to any Sanderling Calidris alba nest found in the field by monitoring nest temperature profiles. Using drops of >3 °C in nest temperature (recorded with thermistors) to distinguish incubation and recess periods, we showed that the number of recesses and the total duration of these recesses from 09:00 to 17:00 h UTC allowed us reliably (99.1% after 24 h and 100% when monitoring the nest for at least 4 days) to assign the incubation strategy at the nest for 21 breeding adults (14 nests). Monitoring nest temperature for at least 24 h is an effective method to assign an incubation strategy without having to re-visit nests, thereby saving time in the field and minimizing both disturbance and related increase in predation risk of clutches. Given the advantages of our method, we suggest that it should be used more widely in studies that aim to document incubation strategies and patterns in regions where ambient temperatures are at least 3 °C below the median nest temperature.
Keywords: arctic Calidris alba discriminant function incubation strategy nest attendance nest temperature parental care shorebirds
Programme: 1036
|
|
|
|
Rob van Bemmelen, Børge Moe, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Niels Martin Schmidt, Jannik Hansen, Johannes Lang, Benoît Sittler, Loïc Bollache, Ingrid Tulp, Raymond Klaassen, Olivier Gilg. (2017). Flexibility in otherwise consistent non-breeding movements of a long-distance migratory seabird, the long-tailed skua (Vol. 578). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Quantifying within- and between-individual variation in animal migration strategies is a first step towards our understanding of the ability of migrants to adjust to changes in the environment. We studied consistency (or, conversely, flexibility) in movement patterns at large (>1000 km) to meso-scales (100-1000 km) during the non-breeding season of the long-tailed skua Stercorarius longicaudus, a long-distance migratory Arctic seabird, using light-based geolocation. We obtained 97 annual tracks of 38 individuals and quantified similarity between routes. Overall, tracks of the same individual were generally within about 200 to 300 km of their previous year’s route, and more similar than tracks of different individuals. Some flexibility was observed during migration, but individuals were faithful to their staging areas in the North Atlantic and in the Benguela Current off Namibia and South Africa. Over the course of the winter, an increasing number of individuals started to deviate—up to 5200 km—from the previous year’s route. Intriguingly, individuals could be highly consistent between 2 consecutive years and flexible between other years. Site-shifts in late winter seem to reflect responses to local conditions, but what promotes this larger flexibility remains unclear and requires further study. Our results show that individual long-tailed skuas are generally consistent in their itineraries, but can show considerable flexibility in some years. The flexibility in itineraries suggests that long-tailed skuas are able to adjust to environmental change, but the mechanisms leading to the observed within- and between-individual variation in movement patterns are still poorly understood.
Keywords: Flexibility Individual consistency Non-breeding movements Repeatability Seabirds Stercorarius longicaudus Tracking
Programme: 1036
|
|
|
|
Hao Wang, John D. Nagy, Olivier Gilg, Yang Kuang. (2009). The roles of predator maturation delay and functional response in determining the periodicity of predator–prey cycles (Vol. 221).
Abstract: Population cycles in small mammals have attracted the attention of several generations of theoretical and experimental biologists and continue to generate controversy. Top-down and bottom-up trophic regulations are two recent competing hypotheses. The principal purpose of this paper is to explore the relative contributions of a variety of ecological factors to predator–prey population cycles. Here we suggest that for some species – collared lemmings, snowshoe hares and moose in particular – maturation delay of predators and the functional response of predation appear to be the primary determinants. Our study suggests that maturation delay alone almost completely determines the cycle period, whereas the functional response greatly affects its amplitude and even its existence. These results are obtained from sensitivity analysis of all parameters in a mathematical model of the lemming–stoat delayed system, which is an extension of Gilg’s model. Our result may also explain why lemmings have a 4-year cycle whereas snowshoe hares have a 10-year cycle. Our parameterized model supports and extends May’s assertion that time delay impacts cycle period and amplitude. Furthermore, if maturation periods of predators are too short or too long, or the functional response resembles Holling Type I, then population cycles do not appear; however, suitable intermediate predator maturation periods and suitable functional responses can generate population cycles for both prey and predators. These results seem to explain why some populations are cyclic whereas others are not. Finally, we find parameterizations of our model that generate a 38-year population cycle consistent with the putative cycles of the moose–wolf interactions on Isle Royale, Michigan.
Keywords: Delay differential equation Lemming–stoat Moose–wolf Population cycle Predator–prey Snowshoe hare–lynx
Programme: 1036
|
|
