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. (2022). The Microwave Snow Grain Size: A New Concept to Predict Satellite Observations Over Snow-Covered Regions (Vol. 3). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: microstructure microwave modeling porous media remote sensing snow
Programme: 1110,1177
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. (2023). Complete Genome Sequences of Two Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Seabirds (Vol. 12).
Abstract: Pasteurella multocida is one of the major causes of mass mortalities in wild birds. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two P. multocida isolates from wild populations of two endangered seabird species, the Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses (Thalassarche carteri) and the northern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes moseleyi).
Programme: 1151
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. (2019). Snow research in Svalbard: Current status and knowledge gaps. Bachelor's thesis, , .
Keywords: snow, climate, cryosphere, glaciology, ecology, sea-ice
Programme: 1126
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. (2023). In Situ VTOL Drone-Borne Observations of Temperature and Relative Humidity over Dome C, Antarctica (Vol. 7).
Keywords: Antarctica Concordia station drone free troposphere planetary boundary layer relative humidity temperature VTOL
Programme: 910
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France Caza, Maximiliano Cledon, Yves St-Pierre. (2016). Biomonitoring Climate Change and Pollution in Marine Ecosystems: A Review on Aulacomya ater.
Abstract: The sedentarism and wide global distribution of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis have made it a useful bioindicator to assess changes in the health status of the marine ecosystem in response to pollution and other environmental stresses. Effective biomonitoring of an ecosystem requires, however, that multiple biomarkers be used to obtain an accurate measure of the cumulative effects of different sources of environmental stress. Here, we provide a first integrated review of the biological, economical, and geographical characteristics of another species of mussels, the ribbed mussel Aulacomya ater. We discuss the use of Aulacomya ater as a complementary biomonitor to the blue mussel to assess the impact of pollutants and climate change. Recent findings have indeed shown that Mytilus edulis and Aulacomya ater have distinctive anatomy and physiology and respond differently to environmental stress. Monitoring of mixed beds containing blue and ribbed mussels may thus represent a unique opportunity to study the effect of environmental stress on the biodiversity of marine ecosystems, most notably in the Southern hemisphere, which is particularly sensitive to climate change and where both species often cohabitate in the same intertidal zones.
Programme: 409
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Sophia Ferchiou, France Caza, Richard Villemur, Jacques Labonne, Yves St-Pierre. (2023). Skin and Blood Microbial Signatures of Sedentary and Migratory Trout (Salmo trutta) of the Kerguelen Islands (Vol. 8).
Abstract: Our understanding of how microbiome signatures are modulated in wild fish populations remains poorly developed and has, until now, mostly been inferred from studies in commercial and farmed fish populations. Here, for the first time, we have studied changes in the skin and blood microbiomes of the Salmo trutta population of the volcanic Kerguelen archipelago located at the northern limit of the Antarctic Ocean. The Kerguelen Islands present a natural framework of population expansion and reveal a likely situation representing further climate change in distribution areas. Our results showed that S. trutta of the Kerguelen Islands has a microbiome signature distinct from those of salmonids of the Northern Hemisphere. Our study also revealed that the skin and blood microbiomes differ between sedentary and migratory S. trutta. While 18 phyla were shared between both groups of trout, independent of the compartment, 6 phyla were unique to migratory trout. Further analyses showed that microbiome signatures undergo significant site-specific variations that correlate, in some cases, with the peculiarity of specific ecosystems. Our study also revealed the presence of potential pathogens at particular sites and the impact of abiotic factors on the microbiome, most notably due to the volcanic nature of the environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that modulate the microbiome signatures of migratory and sedentary fish populations. It will also help to better monitor the impacts of climate change on the colonization process in the sub-Antarctic region.
Keywords: Salmo trutta 16S rRNA blood microbiome fish Kerguelen Islands migration skin microbiome
Programme: 1041
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. (2020). The genetic legacy of legendary and historical Siberian chieftains (Vol. 3). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Seventeen years of archaeological and anthropological expeditions in North-Eastern Siberia (in the Sakha Republic, Yakutia) have permitted the genetic analysis of 150 ancient (15th-19th century) and 510 modern individuals. Almost all males were successfully analysed (Y-STR) and this allowed us to identify paternal lineages and their geographical expansion through time. This genetic data was confronted with mythological, historical and material evidence to establish the sequence of events that built the modern Yakut genetic diversity. We show that the ancient Yakuts recovered from this large collection of graves are not representative of an ancient population. Uncommonly, we were also able to demonstrate that the funerary preference observed here involved three specific male lineages, especially in the 18th century. Moreover, this dominance was likely caused by the Russian conquest of Siberia which allowed some male clans to rise to new levels of power. Finally, we give indications that some mythical and historical figures might have been the actors of those genetic changes. These results help us reconsider the genetic dynamics of colonization in some regions, question the distinction between fact and myth in national histories and provide a rare insight into a funerary ensemble by revealing the biased process of its composition.
Programme: 1038
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. (2019). Evidence for an additional planet in the ? Pictoris system (Vol. 3).
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Bart Van de Vijver, Richard M. Crawford. (2019). Melosira jeanbertrandiana, a new Melosira species (Bacillariophyceae) from the sub-Antarctic region (Vol. 167).
Abstract: During a survey of the soil diatom flora of the sub-Antarctic Ile de la Possession (Iles Crozet), located in the southern Indian Ocean, an unknown Melosira species was found that could not be identified using the currently available literature on the genus. The species is described as Melosira jeanbertrandiana sp. nov. based on detailed light and scanning electron microscopy observations. The new species is characterized by a relatively high mantle, the presence of several marginal rings of acute, never bifurcating spines and a series of eight rimoportulae near the central area with several others scattered over the rest of the valve face and mantle. The girdle comprising several large, ligulate open copulae and the position of the rimoportulae clearly place this new species within the genus Melosira C.Agardh. The species was observed in bare, moist soil in scratches in cliffs bordering the ocean where the influence of sea spray is obvious. The description of this new species further increases the number of species of the Melosirales compared to other centric freshwater diatoms which are infrequently found on the sub-Antarctic islands.
Keywords: Melosira melosiroid genera morphology new species Sub-Antarctica
Programme: 136
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Bart Van de Vijver, Pieter Scholberg, Marc Lebouvier. (2019). Pinnularia schoelynckiana, a new limnoterrestrial diatom species (Bacillariophyta) from the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen (southern Indian Ocean) (Vol. 167).
Abstract: An unknown Pinnularia taxon was recorded during a survey of the limno-terrestrial diatom flora of some hot springs in the Val Travers area (Grande Terre, Iles Kerguelen, sub-Antarctic region). The morphology of the species was investigated using both light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on these results, the species could not be identified using the currently available literature and is therefore described as a new species: Pinnularia schoelynckiana sp. nov. The new species is characterized by rhombic-lanceolate valves, radiate, geniculate striae changing into strongly convergent near the apices and an undulating, lateral raphe. A detailed morphological comparison is made with similar Pinnularia species, described from the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Brief notes on the associated diatom flora and its ecology are added.
Keywords: hot springs morphology new species Pinnularia sub-Antarctica
Programme: 136
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