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Abstract |
Antarctic Biology in a Global Context
Proceedings of th VIIIth SCAR International Biology Symposium, 27 August- 1 September 2001,
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
Table of contents
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgements
INTRODUCTION
1. Evolution, adaptation and diversity: global ecology in an
Antarctic context
Andrew Clarke
THE ROLE OF ANTARCTICA IN GLOBAL PATTERNS
AND PROCESSES
2. Algal biomass in east Antarctic Pack Ice: how much is in the East?
Michael Grose and Andrew McMinn
3. Large-whale distributions (South of 60ºS, 35ºE-130ºE) in relation to the
southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Koji Matsuoka, Tomowo Watanabe, Taro Ichii,
Hiroyuki Shimada and Shigetoshi Nishiwaki
4. Vegetation and permafrost: sensitive systems for the development
of a monitoring program of climate change along
an Antarctic transect
Nicoletta Cannone and Mauro Guglielmin
5. An assessment of carbon oxidation processes in contrasting
maritime Antarctic lakes
J. Cynan Ellis-Evans and Peter R. Bayliss
CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASES IN UV-B:
IMPACTS AND RESPONSES
6. Environmental change in Antarctica: ecological impacts
and responses
Deneb Karentz
7. Inventory of UV-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids
in polar macroalgae and factors controlling their content
Kirsten Hoyer, Ulf Karsten and Christian Wiencke
8. Effects of UV-radiation on oxidative stress parameters in
polar marine amphipods, and the role of UV-absorbing
mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAS) in their diet
B. Oberm¸ller, U. Karsten, H.O. Pˆrtner and D. Abele
9. DNA damage and photosynthesis in Prasiola crispa ssp.
antarctica and Sanionia uncinata in response to manipulated
UV-B radiation
Daniela Lud, Anita.G.J. Buma, Tanja.C.W. Moerdijk and
Ad H.L. Huiskes
10. Soil faunal community response to environmental manipulation
on Alexander Island, southern maritime Antarctic
P. Convey
11. Expansion of vascular plants on an Antarctic island ñ
a consequence of climate change?
Uta Gerighausen, Katharina Br‰utigam, Osama Mustafa
and Hans-Ulrich Peter
ADAPTATION AND EVOLUTION IN EXTREME
ENVIRONMENTS
12. Adaptation and evolution in the Antarctic: an exciting
challenge for biology
Guido di Prisco
13. Iceberg scouring on the Eastern Weddell Sea shelf (Antarctica):
a benthic system shaped by physical disturbances
R. Knust, W.E. Arntz, M. Boche, T. Brey, D. Gerdes,
K. Mintenbeck, A. Schrˆder, A. Starmanns and N Teixido
14. Does the enzyme citrate synthase from several Antarctic
fish show evidence of cold adaptation?
Craig J. Marshall, Nadine M. Johnston, Brent W. Murray,
Peter M. Brown and Annie I. Verghese
15. Food detection and the morphology of some sensory organs
in the Antarctic Blackfin icefish Chaenocephalus
aceratus Lˆnnberg, 1906
Edith Fanta, LucÈlia Donatti, Silvia Rom„o, Ana C.C.
Vianna and T‚nia Zaleski
16. The cytoskeleton in cardiocytes and nervous elements in
the heart of icefish and red blooded Antarctic fishes
Maria A. Masini, Paola Prato, Maddalena Sturla and
Bianca M. Uva
17. Cytogenetic features of Notothenia angustata Hutton,
1875, an Antarctic fish living in non-Antarctic waters
Eva Pisano, Laura Ghigliotti, Federico Mazzei and
Catherine Ozouf-Costaz
18. Lipids as trophic markers in Antarctic krill, I. Validation
under controlled laboratory conditions
FrÈdÈric Alonzo, Stephen Nicol, Patti Virtue and
Peter D. Nichols
19. Amphipods as food sources for higher trophic levels in the
Southern Ocean: a synthesis
Patrick Dauby, Fabienne Nyssen and Claude De Broyer
20. Molecular evidence for cryptic speciation within the widespread
Antarctic crustacean Ceratoserolis trilobitoides
(Crustacea, Isopoda)
Christoph Held
21. Biominerals in embryos, pluteus and adult Antarctic sea
urchins Sterechinus neumayeri
Davorin Medakovic¡, Stanko Popovic¡ and Donal T.
Manahan
22. Do two closely related petrel species have a different
breeding strategy in Antarctica?
Jeroen C.S. Creuwels and Jan Andries van Franeker
VI contents
23. The early evolution of Antarctic penguins
Piotr Jadwiszczak
24. The integrated microscopical study of Antarctic endolithic
microorganisms and their microhabitats
Jacek Wierzchos, AsunciÛn de los Rios, Leopoldo G.
Sancho, Allan Green and Carmen Ascaso
25. The sea as major source of ions to lichens in terrestrial
ecosystems of Victoria Land
Roberto Bargagli, Francesca Borghini and
Fabrizio Monaci
26. Adaptations of mosses and lichens to irradiance stress in
maritime and continental Antarctic habitats
Mark Schlensog, Burkhard Schroeter, Stefan Pannewitz
and Allan Green
ANTARCTIC AND ARCTIC ECOSYSTEMS, POLES
APART?
27. Antarctic and Arctic ecosystems: poles apart?
David GrÈmillet and Yvon Le Maho
28. Biological UV exposure in polar oceans: Arctic-Antarctic
comparisons
Warwick F. Vincent and Claude Belzile
29. Early Spring pack ice algae from the Arctic and Antarctic:
how different are they?
Andrew McMinn and Else N. Hegseth
30. The hemoglobin system of the Arctic spotted wolffish
Anarhichas minor: comparison of northern and southern
polar environments
Cinzia Verde, Elio Parisi, Donatella de Pascale,
Antonio Riccio and Guido di Prisco
31. Relationship between nutritional status and prolactin levels
in the Common Eider, a capital incubator
FranÁois Criscuolo, Olivier Chastel,
Geir Wing Gabrielsen, AndrÈ Lacroix and Yvon Le Maho
BIOGEOGRAPHY AND BIODIVERSITY IN
ANTARCTIC AND SUB-ANTARCTIC SYSTEMS
32. Biodiversity patterns in the Southern Ocean: lessons from
Crustacea
Claude de Broyer, Krzysztof Jazdzewski and
Patrick Dauby
33. Distribution of larval Krefftichthys anderssoni (Myctophidae,
Pisces) at the Kerguelen Archipelago (Southern Indian
Ocean) modelled using GIS and habitat suitability
Philippe Koubbi, Guy Duhamel, Xavier Harlay,
Paul D. Eastwood, Isabelle Durand and Young-Hang Park
34. The pack ice niche of Weddell seals in the Ross Sea
Brent S. Stewart, Pamela K. Yochem, Thomas S. Gelatt
and Donald B. Siniff
35. Living in mixed pairs ñ Better for fitness? A study in Skuas
Steffen Hahn, Markus S. Ritz and Hans-Ulrich Peter
36. The enigma of Colobanthus quitensis and Deschampsia
antarctica in Antarctica
R.I. Lewis-Smith
37. Helminths from introduced mammals on sub-Antarctic
islands
Benoit Pisanu and Jean-Louis Chapuis
38. Diversity of cyanobacteria in seepages of King George
Island, maritime Antarctica
JiÌi Kom·rek and OndÌej Kom·rek
39. MICROMAT: Culturable fungal diversity in microbial
mats of Antarctic lakes
E. Gˆttlich, G.S. de Hoog, O. Genilloud, B.E. Jones and
F. Marinelli
ANTARCTIC RESEARCH, HUMAN IMPACTS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
40. From microbes to milestones: science and Antarctic environmental
policy
Emma Waterhouse
41. Benthic community changes at McMurdo Station: a response
to sewage abatement?
Kathleen E. Conlan, Stacy L. Kim, Hunter S. Lenihan and
John S. Oliver
42. Spatial and temporal scales of human disturbance ñ Mc-
Murdo Station, Antarctica ñ preliminary findings
Mahlon C. Kennicutt II, Gary A. Wolff, Andrew Klein and
Paul Montagna
43. Human impacts in marine benthic communities at Casey
Station: description, determination and demonstration of
impacts
Jonathan S. Stark and Martin J. Riddle
44. From chemical monitoring to biological meaning: extraction
techniques and the biological interpretation of sediment
chemistry data from the Casey region
Martin J. Riddle, Rebecca C. Scouller, Ian Snape,
Jonathan S. Stark, Sharon M. Kratzmann, Scott C. Stark,
Catherine K. King, Sabine Duquesne and Damian B. Gore
45. Long-term population trends in southern giant petrels in
East Antarctica
Eric J. Woehler, Martin J. Riddle and Christine A. Ribic
46. Persistent organic pollutants in stomach contents of AdÈlie
penguins from Edmonson Point (Victoria Land, Antarctica)
Simonetta Corsolini, Silvia Olmastroni,
Nicoletta Ademollo, Giulia Minucci and Silvano Focardi
47. The effects of human activity and environmental variability
on long-term changes in AdÈlie penguin populations at
Palmer Station, Antarctica
Donna L. Patterson, Andrea L. Easter-Pilcher and
William R. Fraser
48. Aphids from Kerguelen and Crozet Islands, Subantarctic 308
Maurice HullÈ, Danielle Pannetier, Damien Maurice,
Lionel Courmont, Corentin Chaillon, Pierre-Emmanuel
Chaillon, Patrick Saccone, Cyril HÈbert, Mathieu Gracia,
Jaques Buffin, Jean-Christophe Simon and Yves Frenot
49. Natural and human impacted stratification in the lakes of
the Larsemann Hills, Antarctica
Enn Kaup and James S. Burgess
OUTLOOK
50. Polar limnology ñ the past, the present and the future 321
Johanna Laybourn-Parry
Index 330
Preface
ANTARCTIC BIOLOGY IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
Not so long ago, Antarctica was the Great White Continent at the end of the world, populated by scientists, living and working in monastic
settlements, reporting their findings in special journals and at special scientific meetings.
But times have changed. Environmental problems, such as the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer and the elevated levels of CO2 in the
atmosphere showed their effects in Antarctica and kindled the awareness that environmental problems originating in our industrialised society
could affect the remote Antarctic environment and its biota. And the realisation that affecting the Antarctic environment and its biota, by those
far away environmental problems, might eventually backfire, made that Antarctica suddenly became our backyard.
And from this revelation came the understanding that Antarctic ecosystems were not unique but could enhance knowledge about the structure
and functioning of biota elsewhere on the globe.
I hope that the message of this book ñ the proceedings of the VIIIth SCAR International Biology Symposium ñ will be that Antarctic Biology
is not a separate discipline anymore. It is just biology, practised to enhance our knowledge about the Earth's biosphere, not just about the
Antarctic.
Ad Huiskes
Chairman
Local Organizing Committee
Editors: Ad H.L. Huiskes, Winfried W.C. Gieskes, Jelte Rozema, Raymond M. L. Schorno, Saskia M. van der Vies & Wim J. Wolff
2003 (April), xiv+352 pages, 187 (5 col.) figures, 72 tables, hardbound
ISBN 90-5782-079-X $150.00 plus shipping |
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