TY  - STD
AU  - Juliana A. Vianna, Daly Noll
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Marked phylogeographic structure of Gentoo penguin reveals an ongoing diversification process along the Southern Ocean
BT  - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
SP  - 486
EP  - 498
VL  - 107
KW  - Climate change Demographic history Polar region Population structure Seabirds
N2  - Two main hypotheses have been debated about the biogeography of the Southern Ocean: (1) the Antarctic Polar Front (APF), acting as a barrier between Antarctic and sub-Antarctic provinces, and (2) the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), promoting gene flow among sub-Antarctic areas. The Gentoo penguin is distributed throughout these two provinces, separated by the APF. We analyzed mtDNA (HVR1) and 12 microsatellite loci of 264 Gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, from 12 colonies spanning from the Western Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands (WAP) to the sub-Antarctic Islands (SAI). While low genetic structure was detected among WAP colonies (mtDNA ФST=0.037–0.133; microsatellite FST=0.009–0.063), high differentiation was found between all SAI and WAP populations (mtDNA ФST=0.678–0.930; microsatellite FST=0.110–0.290). These results suggest that contemporary dispersal around the Southern Ocean is very limited or absent. As predicted, the APF appears to be a significant biogeographical boundary for Gentoo penguin populations; however, the ACC does not promote connectivity in this species. Our data suggest demographic expansion in the WAP during the last glacial maximum (LGM, about 20kya), but stability in SAI. Phylogenetic analyses showed a deep divergence between populations from the WAP and those from the SAI. Therefore, taxonomy should be further revised. The Crozet Islands resulted as a basal clade (3.57Mya), followed by the Kerguelen Islands (2.32Mya) as well as a more recent divergence between the Falkland/Malvinas Islands and the WAP (1.27Mya). Historical isolation, local adaptation, and past climate scenarios of those Evolutionarily Significant Units may have led to different potentials to respond to climate changes.
SN  - 1055-7903
SN  - 1055-7903
L1  - http://publi.ipev.fr/polar_references/files/yes
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.003
N1  - exported from refbase (http://publi.ipev.fr/polar_references/show.php?record=6578), last updated on Tue, 30 Nov 1999 00:00:00 +0100
ID  - JulianaA.Vianna2017
ER  -