TY  - THES
AU  - Ali JAFFAL
PY  - 2011//
TI  - Éco-physiologie des réponses aux stress chimiques chez le poisson en milieu naturel. Cas des salmonidés des îles Kerguelen
N2  - The Kerguelen Islands (40°S, 70°E) contain freshwater ecosystems among the most isolated fromhuman activities in the world. The aim of this work was to study the bio-ecological factors influencinglevels of chemical bioaccumulation in Kergueln salmonids tissue (brown trout, Salmo trutta and brooktrout, Salvelinus fontinalis) and their potential toxic effects. Our work demonstrated that the hepaticand muscular Cu and Cd levels, and also, the muscular PCB levels were hight and similar to those ofsalmonids from impacted areas. Moreover, differences in contamination according to species, seasonand morphotype (lake, river and base) were noted. Histological analysis of trouts livers showed cleardamage of liver (fibrosis, infiltration of immune cells, development centers mélanomacrophagiques)and of hepatocytes (necrosis, nuclear alteration) in all studied fish traducing an important level ofstress consistently with the high concentration of toxicant in this organ. On the other hand, antioxidantdefenses biomarkers revealed differences between the studied morphotypes. Moreover, analysis ofserum lysozyme activity showed that these salmonids were characterized by reduced immunecompetences. Kerguelen Islands constitute a workshop site for ecotoxicological studies. The long-termmonitoring should improve the knowledge of changes in eco-physiological responses of freshwaterfish populations dealing with the global chemical pressure.
N1  - exported from refbase (http://publi.ipev.fr/polar_references/show.php?record=3628), last updated on Wed, 03 Jul 2024 15:17:09 +0200
ID  - AliJAFFAL2011
ER  -