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Author |
Christophe Leroy-Dos Santos, Elise Fourré, Cécile Agosta, Mathieu Casado, Alexandre Cauquoin, Martin Werner, Benedicte Minster, Frédéric Prié, Olivier Jossoud, Leila Petit, Amaëlle Landais |
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Title |
From atmospheric water isotopes measurement to firn core interpretation in Adélie Land: a case study for isotope-enabled atmospheric models in Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
5241-5254 |
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Abstract |
In a context of global warming and sea level rise acceleration, it is key to estimate the evolution of the atmospheric hydrological cycle and temperature in polar regions, which directly influence the surface mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. Direct observations are available from satellite data for the last 40 years and a few weather data since the 1950s in Antarctica. One of the best ways to access longer records is to use climate proxies in firn or ice cores. The water isotopic composition in these cores is widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations. We need to progress in our understanding of the influence of the atmospheric hydrological cycle on the water isotopic composition of ice cores. First, we present a 2-year-long time series of vapor and precipitation isotopic composition measurement at Dumont d’Urville Station, in Adélie Land. We characterize diurnal variations of meteorological parameters (temperature, atmospheric water mixing ratio (hereafter humidity) and δ18O) for the different seasons and determine the evolution of key relationships (δ18O versus temperature or humidity) throughout the year: we find that the temperature vs. δ18O relationship is dependent on synoptic events dynamics in winter contrary to summer. Then, this data set is used to evaluate the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM6-wiso (model version with embedded water stable isotopes) in a coastal region of Adélie Land where local conditions are controlled by strong katabatic winds which directly impact the isotopic signal. We show that a combination of continental (79 %) and oceanic (21 %) grid cells leads model outputs (temperature, humidity and δ18O) to nicely fit the observations, at different timescales (i.e., seasonal to synoptic). Therefore we demonstrate the added value of long-term water vapor isotopic composition records for model evaluation. Then, as a clear link is found between the isotopic composition of water vapor and precipitation, we assess how isotopic models can help interpret short firn cores. In fact, a virtual firn core built from ECHAM-wiso outputs explains much more of the variability observed in S1C1 isotopic record than a virtual firn core built from temperature only. Yet, deposition and post-deposition effects strongly affect the firn isotopic signal and probably account for most of the remaining misfits between archived firn signal and virtual firn core based on atmospheric modeling. |
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Programme |
1110,1205 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8699 |
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Author |
Hassen Allegue, Denis Réale, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Track and dive-based movement metrics do not predict the number of prey encountered by a marine predator |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Movement Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3 |
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Keywords |
Accelerometry Area-restricted search Diving behavior Foraging behavior Marine predator Prey encounter events |
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Abstract |
Studying animal movement in the context of the optimal foraging theory has led to the development of simple movement metrics for inferring feeding activity. Yet, the predictive capacity of these metrics in natural environments has been given little attention, raising serious questions of the validity of these metrics. The aim of this study is to test whether simple continuous movement metrics predict feeding intensity in a marine predator, the southern elephant seal (SES; Mirounga leonine), and investigate potential factors influencing the predictive capacity of these metrics. |
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Programme |
109,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2051-3933 |
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Notes |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8556 |
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Author |
Taiki Adachi, Philip Lovell, James Turnbull, Mike A. Fedak, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet, Martin Biuw, Theresa R. Keates, Rachel R. Holser, Daniel P. Costa, Daniel E. Crocker, Patrick J. O. Miller |
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Title |
Body condition changes at sea: Onboard calculation and telemetry of body density in diving animals |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Methods in Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1457-1474 |
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Keywords |
animal health bio-logging body density buoyancy marine mammal real-time monitoring satellite transmission |
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Abstract |
The ability of marine mammals to accumulate sufficient lipid energy reserves is vital for mammals' survival and successful reproduction. However, long-term monitoring of at-sea changes in body condition, specifically lipid stores, has only been possible in elephant seals performing prolonged drift dives (low-density lipids alter the rates of depth change while drifting). This approach has limited applicability to other species. Using hydrodynamic performance analysis during transit glides, we developed and validated a novel satellite-linked data logger that calculates real-time changes in body density (∝lipid stores). As gliding is ubiquitous amongst divers, the system can assess body condition in a broad array of diving animals. The tag processes high sampling rate depth and three-axis acceleration data to identify 5 s high pitch angle glide segments at depths >100 m. Body density is estimated for each glide using gliding speed and pitch to quantify drag versus buoyancy forces acting on the gliding animal. We used tag data from 24 elephant seals (Mirounga spp.) to validate the onboard calculation of body density relative to drift rate. The new tags relayed body density estimates over 200 days and documented lipid store accumulation during migration with good correspondence between changes in body density and drift rate. Our study provided updated drag coefficient values for gliding (Cd,f = 0.03) and drifting (Cd,s = 0.12) elephant seals, both substantially lower than previous estimates. We also demonstrated post-hoc estimation of the gliding drag coefficient and body density using transmitted data, which is especially useful when drag parameters cannot be estimated with sufficient accuracy before tag deployment. Our method has the potential to advance the field of marine biology by switching the research paradigm from indirectly inferring animal body condition from foraging effort to directly measuring changes in body condition relative to foraging effort, habitat, ecological factors and anthropogenic stressors in the changing oceans. Expanding the method to account for diving air volumes will expand the system's applicability to shallower-diving (<100 m) species, facilitating real-time monitoring of body condition in a broad range of breath-hold divers. |
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Programme |
109, 1201 |
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Address |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-210X |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8620 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Avian influenza spread and seabird movements between colonies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
391-395 |
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Keywords |
colonial breeding foraging HPAI H5N1 migration movement ecology prospecting spatial disease dynamics |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
333,1151 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0169-5347 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8502 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Antonella Tassone, Olivier Magand, Attilio Naccarato, Maria Martino, Domenico Amico, Francesca Sprovieri, Hippolyte Leuridan, Yann Bertrand, Michel Ramonet, Nicola Pirrone, Aurelien Dommergue |
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Title |
Seven-year monitoring of mercury in wet precipitation and atmosphere at the Amsterdam Island GMOS station |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Heliyon |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Atmospheric pollution Atmospheric transport Mercury measurements Source identification Southern Hemisphere Wet deposition flux |
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Abstract |
Mercury (Hg) fate and transport research requires more effort to obtain a deep knowledge of its biogeochemical cycle, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere and Tropics that are still missing of distributed monitoring sites. Continuous monitoring of atmospheric Hg concentrations and trend worldwide is relevant for the effectiveness evaluation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury (MCM) actions. In this context, Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) and total mercury (THg) in precipitations were monitored from 2013 to 2019 at the Amsterdam Island Observatory (AMS – 37°48′S, 77°34′E) to provide insights into the Hg pathway in the remote southern Indian Ocean, also considering ancillary dataset of Rn-222, CO2, CO, and CH4. GEM average concentration was 1.06 ± 0.07 ng m−3, with a slight increase during the austral winter due to both higher wind speed over the surface ocean and contributions from southern Africa. In wet depositions, THg average concentration was 2.39 ± 1.17 ng L−1, whereas the annual flux averaged 2.04 ± 0.80 μg m−2 year−1. In general, both GEM and Volume-Weighted Mean Concentration (VWMC) of THg did not show an increasing/decreasing trend over the seven-year period, suggesting a substantial lack of evolution about emission of Hg reaching AMS. Air masses Cluster Analysis and Potential Source Contribution Function showed that oceanic evasion was the main Hg contributor at AMS, while further contributions were attributable to long-range transport events from southern Africa, particularly when the occurrence of El Niño increased the frequency of wildfires. |
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Programme |
416,1028 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8679 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Samara Danel, Gaël Bardon, Christophe de Franceschi, Léna Bureau, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Dora Biro, Francesco Bonadonna |
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Title |
Plant consumer innovation in skuas |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Ornithology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
164 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
717-719 |
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Keywords |
Animal innovation Consumer innovation Field observation Novel food Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi |
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Abstract |
We report observations of alien dandelion (Taraxacum officinale group) consumption in an opportunistic predatory seabird, the brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi), from a natural population on île Verte within the Kerguelen archipelago. Observations on a nearby island suggest that this behaviour is not specific to our study area, paving the way to future studies investigating whether this consumer innovation prevails in skua populations and results in dietary benefits. |
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Programme |
109,354 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2193-7206 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8635 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Joris Laborie, Matthieu Authier, Adrien Chaigne, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Estimation of total population size of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos using very high-resolution satellite imagery |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) play a pivotal role in the Southern Ocean as wide-ranging marine predators and major prey consumers within Southern Ocean marine ecosystems. Due to their circumpolar distribution and the remoteness of their habitat, large uncertainties remain about their total population sizes. This is especially true for elephant seal populations in the French Southern Territories in the southern Indian Ocean (i.e. Crozet and Kerguelen Archipelagos) as many breeding sites are inaccessible for ground censuses. Here, we present a simple and efficient approach for estimating the total elephant seal populations of the Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos by using very high-resolution satellite imagery (<1m resolution). Twenty-eight satellite images taken during the breeding season to count female elephant seals in inaccessible areas were used and complemented the traditional annual ground counts in accessible areas. For Kerguelen Island sectors likely to host colonies and where no satellite images were available for the breeding season, a statistical predictive model was built to estimate the most likely number of breeding females to be present on a given beach according to its physiographic characteristics. Our results show the reliability of using very high-resolution satellite images, a relatively low-cost platform, to count pinniped populations and provide the first estimation of the total southern elephant seal population for both the Kerguelen 347,995 (s e = 4,950) and Crozet 13,065 (s e = 169) Archipelagos. The combined total represents over 35% of the global elephant seal population with the Kerguelen stock being numerically equivalent to the South Georgia stock. In addition, we re-examined the population trends since the last mid-century for Kerguelen and over the last five decades for Crozet. The demographic trends of the southern Indian Ocean populations show marked growth over the last decade (5.1% and 1.6% annual growth rate for Crozet and Kerguelen respectively), particularly on Crozet where the elephant seal population has more than tripled. |
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Programme |
109,1201 |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8535 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bernard A., Chambodut A., Zigone D., Thore J-Y., Bes De Berc M., Fotze M.,Wardinski,I. |
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Title |
Les observatoires sismologiques et magnétiques dans les Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
19émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 03-05 mai 2023, paris france |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
Communication n°475 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
133,139 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8673 |
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Author |
Tifenn Le Bris, Guilhem Barruol, Emmanuel Le Meur, Florent Gimbert, Dimitri Zigone |
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Title |
Monitoring the cryoseismic activity of the Astrolabe glacier, Terre Adélie, Antarctica |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Copernicus meetings |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
EGU23-7489 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
In coastal Antarctica, outlet glaciers exhibit complex dynamics materialized by intense internal deformation, enhanced basal sliding and strong thermo-mechanical interactions with the ocean. Here we aim to use seismic observations to unravel these various processes and their link with glacier and ocean dynamics. As part of the SEIS-ADELICE project (2020-2024) supported by the French Polar Institute IPEV, in January 2022 we deployed four permanent and six temporary (1 month long) broadband seismic stations on and around the Astrolabe Glacier (Terre Adélie, East Antarctica), as well as four ocean-bottom seismometers at sea near the terminus of the floating tongue. In January 2023 we will be supplementing this setup by a temporary network of 50 seismic nodes above the grounding line of the glacier.
Preliminary detection and classification of seismic events reveals a wide variety of cryo-seismic signals. The most pervasive events correspond to icequakes, are located close to the surface, and exhibit clear tidal modulation. We interpret these events as being generated by the brittle fracturing of ice associated with crevasse opening. We also observe numerous short and similar repetitive events of much lower amplitude that are located at few restricted locations near the ice-bedrock interface. These events are likely produced by basal stick-slip over punctual bedrock asperities. Finally, we observe glacial tremors which could result from hydraulic sources at the ice-bedrock interface, although further analysis is required to confirm this hypothesis.
This preliminary work provides useful grounds for deeper analysis to be done in the future on source characteristics and their more quantitative links with glacier dynamics. |
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Programme |
411 |
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ISSN |
EGU23-7489 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8545 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Sara Arioli, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Vincent Favier |
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Title |
Dynamics of the snow grain size in a windy coastal area of Antarctica from continuous in situ spectral-albedo measurements |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2323-2342 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The grain size of the superficial snow layer is a key determinant of the surface albedo in Antarctica. Its evolution is the result of multiple interacting processes, such as dry and wet metamorphism, melt, snow drift, and precipitation. Among them, snow drift has the least known and least predictable impact. The goal of this study is to relate the variations in surface snow grain size to these processes in a windy location of the Antarctic coast. For this, we retrieved the daily grain size from 5-year-long in situ observations of the spectral albedo recorded by a new multi-band albedometer, unique in terms of autonomy and described here for the first time. An uncertainty assessment and a comparison with satellite-retrieved grain size were carried out to verify the reliability of the instrument, and an RMSE up to 0.16 mm in the observed grain size was found. By relating these in situ measurements to time series of snow drift, surface temperature, snow surface height and snowfall, we established that the evolution of the grain size in the presence of snow drift is complex and follows two possible pathways: (1) a decrease in the grain size (about half of our measurements) resulting from the deposition of small grains advected by the wind (surprisingly, this decrease is often – 2/3 of the cases– associated with a decrease in the surface height, i.e., a net erosion over the drift episode), (2) an increase in the grain size (the other half) due to either the removal of the surface layer or metamorphism. However, we note that this increase is often limited with respect to the increase predicted by a theoretical metamorphism model, suggesting that a concomitant deposition of small grains is likely. At last, we found that wind also completely impedes the deposition of snowfall during half of the observed precipitation events. When this happens, the grain size evolves as if precipitation were not occurring. As a result of all these processes, we conclude that the grain size in a windy area remains more stable than it would be in the absence of snow drift, hence limiting the variations in the albedo and in the radiative energy budget. |
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Programme |
1110 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8627 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
