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Title |
Microbiota composition and diversity of multiple body sites vary according to reproductive performance in a seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2115-2133 |
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Keywords |
bacteria black-legged kittiwake feathers fitness individual quality microbiota reproductive success |
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1162 |
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ISSN |
1365-294X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8391 |
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Author |
Sophia Ferchiou, France Caza, Richard Villemur, Jacques Labonne, Yves St-Pierre |
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Title |
Skin and Blood Microbial Signatures of Sedentary and Migratory Trout (Salmo trutta) of the Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Fishes |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
174 |
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Keywords |
Salmo trutta 16S rRNA blood microbiome fish Kerguelen Islands migration skin microbiome |
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Abstract |
Our understanding of how microbiome signatures are modulated in wild fish populations remains poorly developed and has, until now, mostly been inferred from studies in commercial and farmed fish populations. Here, for the first time, we have studied changes in the skin and blood microbiomes of the Salmo trutta population of the volcanic Kerguelen archipelago located at the northern limit of the Antarctic Ocean. The Kerguelen Islands present a natural framework of population expansion and reveal a likely situation representing further climate change in distribution areas. Our results showed that S. trutta of the Kerguelen Islands has a microbiome signature distinct from those of salmonids of the Northern Hemisphere. Our study also revealed that the skin and blood microbiomes differ between sedentary and migratory S. trutta. While 18 phyla were shared between both groups of trout, independent of the compartment, 6 phyla were unique to migratory trout. Further analyses showed that microbiome signatures undergo significant site-specific variations that correlate, in some cases, with the peculiarity of specific ecosystems. Our study also revealed the presence of potential pathogens at particular sites and the impact of abiotic factors on the microbiome, most notably due to the volcanic nature of the environment. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors that modulate the microbiome signatures of migratory and sedentary fish populations. It will also help to better monitor the impacts of climate change on the colonization process in the sub-Antarctic region. |
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1041 |
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2410-3888 |
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yes |
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8404 |
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Title |
The relativistic solar particle event on 28 October 2021: Evidence of particle acceleration within and escape from the solar corona |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Astronomy & Astrophysics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
663 |
Issue |
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Pages |
A173 |
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Abstract |
Aims. We analyse particle, radio, and X-ray observations during the first relativistic proton event of solar cycle 25 detected on Earth. The aim is to gain insight into the relationship between relativistic solar particles detected in space and the processes of acceleration and propagation in solar eruptive events.Methods. To this end, we used ground-based neutron monitor measurements of relativistic nucleons and space-borne measurements of electrons with similar speed to determine the arrival times of the first particles at 1 AU and to infer their solar release times. We compared the release times with the time histories of non-thermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and their escape to interplanetary space, as traced by radio spectra and X-ray light curves and images.Results. Non-thermal electrons in the corona are found to be accelerated in different regions. Some are confined in closed magnetic structures expanding during the course of the event. Three episodes of electron escape to the interplanetary space are revealed by groups of decametric-to-kilometric type III bursts. The first group appears on the low-frequency side of a type II burst produced by a coronal shock wave. The two latter groups are accompanied at higher frequencies by bursts with rapid drifts to both lower and higher frequencies (forward- or reverse-drifting bursts). They are produced by electron beams that propagate both sunward and anti-sunward. The first relativistic electrons and nucleons observed near Earth are released with the third group of type III bursts, more than ten minutes after the first signatures of non-thermal electrons and of the formation of the shock wave in the corona. Although the eruptive active region is near the central meridian, several tens of degrees east of the footpoint of the nominal Parker spiral to the Earth, the kilometric spectrum of the type III bursts and the in situ detection of Langmuir waves demonstrate a direct magnetic connection between the L1 Lagrange point and the field lines onto which the electron beams are released at the Sun.Conclusions. We interpret the forward- and reverse-drifting radio bursts as evidence of reconnection between the closed expanding magnetic structures of an erupting flux rope and ambient open magnetic field lines. We discuss the origin of relativistic particles near the Earth across two scenarios: (1) acceleration at the CME-driven shock as it intercepts interplanetary magnetic field lines rooted in the western solar hemisphere and (2) an alternative where the relativistic particles are initially confined in the erupting magnetic fields and get access to the open field lines to the Earth through these reconnection events. |
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227 |
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ISSN |
0004-6361, 1432-0746 |
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yes |
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8441 |
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Title |
14 years of lidar measurements of polar stratospheric clouds at the French Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
431-451 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
209 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8491 |
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Title |
Climate change in the Arctic: Testing the poleward expansion of ticks and tick-borne diseases |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1729-1740 |
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Keywords |
Borrelia colonial seabirds invasion Ixodes uriae Ixodidae Lyme disease Rissa tridactyla Svalbard Uria lomvia |
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Abstract |
Climate change is most strongly felt in the polar regions of the world, with significant impacts on the species that live there. The arrival of parasites and pathogens from more temperate areas may become a significant problem for these populations, but current observations of parasite presence often lack a historical reference of prior absence. Observations in the high Arctic of the seabird tick Ixodes uriae suggested that this species expanded poleward in the last two decades in relation to climate change. As this tick can have a direct impact on the breeding success of its seabird hosts and vectors several pathogens, including Lyme disease spirochaetes, understanding its invasion dynamics is essential for predicting its impact on polar seabird populations. Here, we use population genetic data and host serology to test the hypothesis that I. uriae recently expanded into Svalbard. Both black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) were sampled for ticks and blood in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen. Ticks were genotyped using microsatellite markers and population genetic analyses were performed using data from 14 reference populations from across the tick's northern distribution. In contrast to predictions, the Spitsbergen population showed high genetic diversity and significant differentiation from reference populations, suggesting long-term isolation. Host serology also demonstrated a high exposure rate to Lyme disease spirochaetes (Bbsl). Targeted PCR and sequencing confirmed the presence of Borrelia garinii in a Spitsbergen tick, demonstrating the presence of Lyme disease bacteria in the high Arctic for the first time. Taken together, results contradict the notion that I. uriae has recently expanded into the high Arctic. Rather, this tick has likely been present for some time, maintaining relatively high population sizes and an endemic transmission cycle of Bbsl. Close future observations of population infestation/infection rates will now be necessary to relate epidemiological changes to ongoing climate modifications. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
1365-2486 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8499 |
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Author |
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Title |
Active breeding seabirds prospect alternative breeding colonies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
201 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
341-354 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Dispersal Gulls Movements Terns Tracking devices |
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Abstract |
Compared to other animal movements, prospecting by adult individuals for a future breeding site is commonly overlooked. Prospecting influences the decision of where to breed and has consequences on fitness and lifetime reproductive success. By analysing movements of 31 satellite- and GPS-tracked gull and tern populations belonging to 14 species in Europe and North America, we examined the occurrence and factors explaining prospecting by actively breeding birds. Prospecting in active breeders occurred in 85.7% of studied species, across 61.3% of sampled populations. Prospecting was more common in populations with frequent inter-annual changes of breeding sites and among females. These results contradict theoretical models which predict that prospecting is expected to evolve in relatively predictable and stable environments. More long-term tracking studies are needed to identify factors affecting patterns of prospecting in different environments and understand the consequences of prospecting on fitness at the individual and population level. |
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333 |
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ISSN |
1432-1939 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8500 |
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Title |
Diurnal variations in oxygen and nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric nitrogen dioxide and nitrate: implications for tracing NOx oxidation pathways and emission sources |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
EGUsphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-44 |
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Programme |
1215 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8022 |
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Author |
Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Avian influenza spread and seabird movements between colonies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
391-395 |
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Keywords |
colonial breeding foraging HPAI H5N1 migration movement ecology prospecting spatial disease dynamics |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
333,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0169-5347 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8502 |
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Author |
Eleftherios Ioannidis, Kathy S. Law, Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia M. Upchurch, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Patricia K. Quinn, Kerri A. Pratt |
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Title |
Modelling wintertime sea-spray aerosols under Arctic haze conditions |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5641-5678 |
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Keywords |
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1215 |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8504 |
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Author |
Cynthia H. Whaley, Kathy S. Law, Jens Liengaard Hjorth, Henrik Skov, Stephen R. Arnold, Joakim Langner, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Garance Bergeron, Ilann Bourgeois, Jesper H. Christensen, Rong-You Chien, Makoto Deushi, Xinyi Dong, Peter Effertz, Gregory Faluvegi, Mark Flanner, Joshua S. Fu, Michael Gauss, Greg Huey, Ulas Im, Rigel Kivi, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Naga Oshima, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Jeff Peischl, David A. Plummer, Luca Pozzoli, Jean-Christophe Raut, Tom Ryerson, Ragnhild Skeie, Sverre Solberg, Manu A. Thomas, Chelsea Thompson, Kostas Tsigaridis, Svetlana Tsyro, Steven T. Turnock, Knut von Salzen, David W. Tarasick |
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Title |
Arctic tropospheric ozone: assessment of current knowledge and model performance |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
637-661 |
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Programme |
1215 |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8507 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
