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Ghislain Picard, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Alison F. Banwell, Ludovic Brucker, Giovanni Macelloni |
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Title |
The sensitivity of satellite microwave observations to liquid water in the Antarctic snowpack |
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Journal |
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2022 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere Discussions |
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1-34 |
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Surface melting on the Antarctic Ice Sheet has been monitored by satellite microwave radiometery for over 40 years. Despite this long perspective, our understanding of the microwave emission from wet snow is still limited, preventing the full exploitation of these observations to study supraglacial hydrology. Using the Snow Microwave Radiative Transfer (SMRT) model, this study investigates the sensitivity of microwave brightness temperature to snow liquid water content at frequencies from 1.4 to 37 GHz. We first determine the snowpack properties for 8 selected coastal sites by retrieving profiles of density, grain size and ice layers from microwave observations when the snowpack is dry during winter time. Second, a series of brightness temperature simulations is run with added water. The results show that: i) a small amount of liquid water (≈0.5 kg m-2 can be detected, but the actual amount can not be retrieved in the full range of possible water contents, ii) the detection of a buried wet layer is possible up to a maximum 1 to 6 m depth depending on the frequency (6–37 GHz) and on the site, iii) surface ponds and water-saturated areas may prevent melt detection, but the current coverage of these water bodies in the large satellite field of view is presently too small in Antarctica to have noticeable effects, iv) at 1.4 GHz, while the simulations are less reliable, we found a weaker sensitivity to liquid water and the maximal depth of detection is relatively shallow (<10 m) compared to the typical radiation penetration depth in dry firn (≈1000 m) at this low frequency. These numerical results pave the way for the development of improved multi-frequency algorithms to detect melt intensity and depth in the Antarctic snowpack. |
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1110 |
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1994-0416 |
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yes |
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8443 |
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Gilg, O., Hansen, L.H., Schmidt, N.M., Lang, J., Sittler, B., Sokolov, A., Sokolova, N., Fufachev, I., Ehrich, D., Forin-Wiart, M.-A., Bédard, A., Lecomte, N., Sabard, B., Pletenev, A., Gilg, V., Sabard, C., Meyer, N., Berteaux, D. & Bollache, L. |
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Title |
Predator-prey interactions between the arctic fox and tundra nesting birds in space and time: first results of an ongoing circumpolar initiative |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2022 |
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6th international conference in Arctic Fox Conference 2022, 26-29 August 2022, Longyearbyen, Svalbard |
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1036 |
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yes |
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8658 |
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Gómez Coutouly, Yan Axel |
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Title |
Le premier peuplement préhistorique de l’Amérique : un débat idéologique ? |
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Book |
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2022 |
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Et pourtant elle tourne ! Eds. FONTANA, Laure et DE BEAUNE Sophie. Paris : CNRS Editions. |
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1217 |
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yes |
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8693 |
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Author |
Guillaume Gall |
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Title |
Elaboration de la typologie des habitats de l'île de la Possession (Archipel Crozet) |
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Master 2 |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Rapport de stage de master 2, université de bretagne occidentale (encadrement : p. agnola, d. renault) |
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136 |
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yes |
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8345 |
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Author |
Halfdan Pascal Kierulf, Jack Kohler, Jean-Paul Boy, Emily C Geyman, Anthony Mémin, Ove C D Omang, Holger Steffen, Rebekka Steffen |
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Title |
Time-varying uplift in Svalbard—an effect of glacial changes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
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Volume |
231 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1518-1534 |
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We analyse Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data from Svalbard to understand how uplift rates are controlled by the elastic and viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to changes in glacier mass on annual, interannual, decadal, centennial and millennial timescales. To reveal local patterns of deformation, we filter the GNSS time-series with an enhanced common-mode filtering technique where the non-tidal loading signal is incorporated. This technique reduces the estimated uncertainties for 5-yr time-series from 0.8 to 0.3 mm yr–1. Analysis of the GNSS data with different software–GAMIT, GipsyX, and GINS–produce consistent results that all indicate large temporal variations in uplift. For example, at the Ny-Ålesund GNSS station, uplift varies between 6 and 12 mm yr–1 for different 5-yr periods, and also shows a significant increase in the last 15 yr. We show that this increase is due to climate change-related ice mass loss in Svalbard. We constrain recent glacier retreat on Svalbard using a series of digital elevation models, and then correct the GNSS-derived uplift records for the elastic signal from these ice mass changes. The residual uplift signal is relatively constant, confirming the hypothesis that current ice mass changes exert a strong influence on GNSS observations. The relatively constant record of residual uplift can be used to constrain other geophysical signals such as the viscoelastic response of the solid Earth to ice loading during the Little Ice Age and the Last Glacial Period. We review uplift results from previous viscoelastic modelling studies and show that the residual signal cannot yet be fully explained. Our new uplift results thus motivate the need for new viscoelastic modelling of the glacial isostatic adjustment process in Svalbard. |
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337 |
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0956-540X |
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yes |
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8444 |
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Hassen Allegue, Christophe Guinet, Samantha C. Patrick, Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Denis Réale |
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Title |
Sex, body size, and boldness shape the seasonal foraging habitat selection in southern elephant seals |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e8457 |
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Keywords |
benefit–cost trade-off biologging habitat selection Mirounga leonina personality |
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Abstract |
Selecting foraging habitat is a fundamental behavior in the life of organisms as it directly links resource acquisition to fitness. Differences in habitat selection among individuals may arise from several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and yet, their interaction has been given little attention in the study of wild populations. We combine sex, body size, and boldness to explain individual differences in the seasonal foraging habitat selection of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) from the Kerguelen Archipelago. We hypothesize that habitat selection is linked to the trade-off between resource acquisition and risk, and that individuals differ in their position along this trade-off because of differences in reproductive strategies, life stages, and metabolic requirements. Before the post-molt foraging trip, we used a novel object approach test to quantify the boldness of 28 subadult and adult females and 42 subadult males and equipped them with data loggers to track their movements at sea. Subadult males selected neritic and oceanic habitats, whereas females mostly selected less productive oceanic habitats. Both sexes showed a seasonal shift from Antarctic habitats in the south in the summer to the free of ice subantarctic and subtropical habitats in the north in the winter. Males avoided oceanic habitats and selected more productive neritic and Antarctic habitats with body size mostly in the winter. Bolder males selected northern warmer waters in winter, while shyer ones selected the Kerguelen plateau and southern colder oceanic waters. Bolder females selected the Kerguelen plateau in the summer when prey profitability is assumed to be the highest. This study not only provides new insights into the spatiotemporal foraging ecology of elephant seals in relation to personality but also emphasizes the relevance of combining several intrinsic and extrinsic factors in understanding among-individual variation in space use essential in wildlife management and conservation. |
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109,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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8405 |
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Author |
Héloïg Barbel Le Page, Dominique Todisco, James Woollett |
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Title |
(Re)penser la relation au territoire : vers une archéologie de l’habiter |
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Journal |
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2022 |
Publication |
Palethnologie. Archéologie et sciences humaines |
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11 |
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La posture endossée par les chercheur.es structure les problématiques qu’il.elle.s abordent et leurs choix quant aux approches employées pour les étudier. Cet article offre une réflexion sur l’importance de questionner nos postures paradigmatiques, qui structurent notre rapport à la recherche. Elle a émergé de recherches menées en collaboration avec le Gouvernement du Nunatsiavut et la communauté de Nain (Nunatsiavut, Labrador, Canada). Celles-ci contribuent à pluraliser les narrations historiques sur la période coloniale, en s’intéressant à la diversité des choix des Nunatsiavummiut concernant leurs relations avec le système missionnaire. Cette discussion, articulant archéologie et géographie, développe une approche relationnelle du territoire par l’habiter et questionne la trace laissée par les systèmes d’activités quotidiennes à travers le temps et l’espace. Une réflexion sur les façons d’appréhender la complexité des relations aux lieux, au paysage et aux artefacts nous amène à aborder la diversité des vestiges mis au jour, et la nécessité d’une mise en dialogue des disciplines pour étudier les systèmes d’activités passés à partir de leurs traces. |
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1080 |
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2108-6532 |
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yes |
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8705 |
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I.C. Barrio, D. Ehrich, E.M. Soininen, V.T. Ravolainen, C.G. Bueno, O. Gilg, A.M. Koltz, J.D.M. Speed, D.S. Hik, M. Mörsdorf, J.M. Alatalo, A. Angerbjörn, J. Bêty, L. Bollache, N. Boulanger-Lapointe, G.S. Brown, I. Eischeid, M.A. Giroux, T. Hájek, B.B. Hansen, S.P. Hofhuis, J.-F. Lamarre, J. Lang, C. Latty, N. Lecomte, P. Macek, L. McKinnon, I.H. Myers-Smith, Å.Ø. Pedersen, J.S. Prevéy, J.D. Roth, S.T. Saalfeld, N.M. Schmidt, P. Smith, A. Sokolov, N. Sokolova, C. Stolz, R. van Bemmelen, Ø. Varpe, P.F. Woodard, I.S. Jónsdóttir |
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Title |
Developing common protocols to measure tundra herbivory across spatial scales |
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Journal |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Arctic Science |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
638-679 |
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Abstract |
Understanding and predicting large-scale ecological responses to global environmental change requires comparative studies across geographic scales with coordinated efforts and standardized methodologies. We designed, applied, and assessed standardized protocols to measure tundra herbivory at three spatial scales: plot, site (habitat), and study area (landscape). The plot- and site-level protocols were tested in the field during summers 2014–2015 at 11 sites, nine of them consisting of warming experimental plots included in the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). The study area protocols were assessed during 2014–2018 at 24 study areas across the Arctic. Our protocols provide comparable and easy to implement methods for assessing the intensity of invertebrate herbivory within ITEX plots and for characterizing vertebrate herbivore communities at larger spatial scales. We discuss methodological constraints and make recommendations for how these protocols can be used and how sampling effort can be optimized to obtain comparable estimates of herbivory, both at ITEX sites and at large landscape scales. The application of these protocols across the tundra biome will allow characterizing and comparing herbivore communities across tundra sites and at ecologically relevant spatial scales, providing an important step towards a better understanding of tundra ecosystem responses to large-scale environmental change. |
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1036 |
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yes |
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8339 |
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Ivan D. Haigh, Marta Marcos, Stefan A. Talke, Philip L. Woodworth, John R. Hunter, Ben S. Hague, Arne Arns, Elizabeth Bradshaw, Philip Thompson |
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Title |
GESLA Version 3: A major update to the global higher-frequency sea-level dataset |
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2022 |
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Geoscience Data Journal |
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10 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
293-314 |
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Keywords |
sea level records sea level rise storm surges storm tides tide gauge |
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This paper describes a major update to the quasi-global, higher-frequency sea-level dataset known as GESLA (Global Extreme Sea Level Analysis). Versions 1 (released 2009) and 2 (released 2016) of the dataset have been used in many published studies, across a wide range of oceanographic and coastal engineering-related investigations concerned with evaluating tides, storm surges, extreme sea levels, and other related processes. The third version of the dataset (released 2021), presented here, contains double the number of years of data, and nearly four times the number of records, compared to Version 2. The dataset consists of records obtained from multiple sources around the world. This paper describes the assembly of the dataset, its processing, and its format, and outlines potential future improvements. |
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688 |
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2049-6060 |
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yes |
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8571 |
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Jacqueline Oehri, Gabriela Schaepman-Strub, Jin-Soo Kim, Raleigh Grysko, Heather Kropp, Inge Grünberg, Vitalii Zemlianskii, Oliver Sonnentag, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Merin Reji Chacko, Giovanni Muscari, Peter D. Blanken, Joshua F. Dean, Alcide di Sarra, Richard J. Harding, Ireneusz Sobota, Lars Kutzbach, Elena Plekhanova, Aku Riihelä, Julia Boike, Nathaniel B. Miller, Jason Beringer, Efrén López-Blanco, Paul C. Stoy, Ryan C. Sullivan, Marek Kejna, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, John A. Gamon, Mikhail Mastepanov, Christian Wille, Marcin Jackowicz-Korczynski, Dirk N. Karger, William L. Quinton, Jaakko Putkonen, Dirk van As, Torben R. Christensen, Maria Z. Hakuba, Robert S. Stone, Stefan Metzger, Baptiste Vandecrux, Gerald V. Frost, Martin Wild, Birger Hansen, Daniela Meloni, Florent Domine, Mariska te Beest, Torsten Sachs, Aram Kalhori, Adrian V. Rocha, Scott N. Williamson, Sara Morris, Adam L. Atchley, Richard Essery, Benjamin R. K. Runkle, David Holl, Laura D. Riihimaki, Hiroki Iwata, Edward A. G. Schuur, Christopher J. Cox, Andrey A. Grachev, Joseph P. McFadden, Robert S. Fausto, Mathias Göckede, Masahito Ueyama, Norbert Pirk, Gijs de Boer, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, Matti Leppäranta, Konrad Steffen, Thomas Friborg, Atsumu Ohmura, Colin W. Edgar, Johan Olofsson, Scott D. Chambers |
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Title |
Vegetation type is an important predictor of the arctic summer land surface energy budget |
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2022 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
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13 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
6379 |
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Atmospheric dynamics Climate and Earth system modelling Cryospheric science Ecosystem ecology Phenology |
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Abstract |
Despite the importance of high-latitude surface energy budgets (SEBs) for land-climate interactions in the rapidly changing Arctic, uncertainties in their prediction persist. Here, we harmonize SEB observations across a network of vegetated and glaciated sites at circumpolar scale (1994–2021). Our variance-partitioning analysis identifies vegetation type as an important predictor for SEB-components during Arctic summer (June-August), compared to other SEB-drivers including climate, latitude and permafrost characteristics. Differences among vegetation types can be of similar magnitude as between vegetation and glacier surfaces and are especially high for summer sensible and latent heat fluxes. The timing of SEB-flux summer-regimes (when daily mean values exceed 0 Wm−2) relative to snow-free and -onset dates varies substantially depending on vegetation type, implying vegetation controls on snow-cover and SEB-flux seasonality. Our results indicate complex shifts in surface energy fluxes with land-cover transitions and a lengthening summer season, and highlight the potential for improving future Earth system models via a refined representation of Arctic vegetation types. |
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1042 |
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2041-1723 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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8599 |
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