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Author Dorothée Ehrich, Niels M. Schmidt, Gilles Gauthier, Ray Alisauskas, Anders Angerbjörn, Karin Clark, Frauke Ecke, Nina E. Eide, Erik Framstad, Jay Frandsen, Alastair Franke, Olivier Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Heikki Henttonen, Birger Hörnfeldt, Rolf A. Ims, Gennadiy D. Kataev, Sergey P. Kharitonov, Siw T. Killengreen, Charles J. Krebs, Richard B. Lanctot, Nicolas Lecomte, Irina E. Menyushina, Douglas W. Morris, Guy Morrisson, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Oksanen, Johan Olofsson, Ivan G. Pokrovsky, Igor Yu. Popov, Donald Reid, James D. Roth, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Gustaf Samelius, Benoit Sittler, Sergey M. Sleptsov, Paul A. Smith, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Natalya A. Sokolova, Mikhail Y. Soloviev, Diana V. Solovyeva doi  openurl
  Title Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends? Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Ambio Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 786-800  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective.  
  Programme 1036  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1654-7209 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7646  
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Author L. Edel, C. Claud, C. Genthon, C. Palerme, N. Wood, T. L’Ecuyer, D. Bromwich file  doi
openurl 
  Title Arctic Snowfall from CloudSat Observations and Reanalyses Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Journal of Climate Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue 6 Pages 2093-2109  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 1013  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0894-8755 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7657  
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Author Aymeric. Fromant, C. M. Miskelly, J. P. Y. Arnould, C.-A. Bost file  doi
openurl 
  Title Artificial burrows as a tool for long-term studies of diving petrels Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 5 Pages 435-442  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Long-term studies are essential to determine demographic parameters and population trends in seabirds. However, studies to date have focused mainly on the larger and accessible species. While small seabirds (< 200 g) play a major role in marine ecosystems, their nesting habitat, which is typically fragile convoluted burrows, largely preclude long-term surveys. This study evaluated the installation of artificial burrows as a tool to facilitate ongoing long-term research on small burrowing seabirds. We tested the use and acceptance of artificial burrows during the chick-rearing period of common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) on Mayes Island, Kerguelen Archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. The growth rate, mass at fledging and fledging rate of chicks were similar between artificial and natural burrows. Similarly, there was no difference in occupancy rate 1 and 2 years after artificial burrows were installed. The installation of artificial burrows during the chick-rearing period of a small burrowing seabird appears to be an effective way to facilitate ongoing monitoring and research and, therefore, we recommend the wider use of artificial burrows to facilitate monitoring and research of other small burrow-nesting procellariiform species.  
  Programme 109,394  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-2056 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7658  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Agnès Lewden, Andreas Nord, Batshéva Bonnet, Florent Chauvet, André Ancel, Dominic J. McCafferty doi  openurl
  Title Body surface rewarming in fully and partially hypothermic king penguins Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Journal of Comparative Physiology B Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 190 Issue 5 Pages 597-609  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Penguins face a major thermal transition when returning to land in a hypothermic state after a foraging trip. Uninsulated appendages (flippers and feet) could provide flexible heat exchange during subsequent rewarming. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation could be delayed during this recovery stage. To this end, we designed an experiment to examine patterns of surface rewarming in fully hypothermic (the cloaca and peripheral regions (here; flippers, feet and the breast) < 37 °C) and partially hypothermic (cloaca at normothermia ≥ 37 °C, but periphery at hypothermia) king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) when they rewarmed in the laboratory. Both groups rewarmed during the 21 min observation period, but the temperature changes were larger in fully than in partially hypothermic birds. Moreover, we observed a 5 min delay of peripheral temperature in fully compared to partially hypothermic birds, suggesting that this process was impacted by low internal temperature. To investigate whether our laboratory data were applicable to field conditions, we also recorded surface temperatures of free-ranging penguins after they came ashore to the colony. Initial surface temperatures were lower in these birds compared to in those that rewarmed in the laboratory, and changed less over a comparable period of time on land. This could be explained both by environmental conditions and possible handling-induced thermogenesis in the laboratory. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that appendage vasodilation is flexibly used during rewarming and that recovery may be influenced by both internal temperature and environmental conditions when penguins transition from sea to land.  
  Programme 394  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-136X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7659  
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Author Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov, Aki Tsuruta, Fenjuan Wang, Yogesh K. Tiwari, Vinu Valsala, Akihiko Ito, Yukio Yoshida, Johannes W. Kaiser, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Mikhail Arshinov, Motoki Sasakawa, Yasunori Tohjima, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Michel Ramonet, Jgor Arduini, Jost V. Lavric, Salvatore Piacentino, Paul B. Krummel, Ray L. Langenfelds, Ivan Mammarella, Tsuneo Matsunaga doi  openurl
  Title Country-Scale Analysis of Methane Emissions with a High-Resolution Inverse Model Using GOSAT and Surface Observations Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 375  
  Keywords anthropogenic GOSAT inverse model methane emission UNFCCC wetland  
  Abstract We employed a global high-resolution inverse model to optimize the CH4 emission using Greenhouse gas Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and surface observation data for a period from 2011–2017 for the two main source categories of anthropogenic and natural emissions. We used the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR v4.3.2) for anthropogenic methane emission and scaled them by country to match the national inventories reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Wetland and soil sink prior fluxes were simulated using the Vegetation Integrative Simulator of Trace gases (VISIT) model. Biomass burning prior fluxes were provided by the Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS). We estimated a global total anthropogenic and natural methane emissions of 340.9 Tg CH4 yr−1 and 232.5 Tg CH4 yr−1, respectively. Country-scale analysis of the estimated anthropogenic emissions showed that all the top-emitting countries showed differences with their respective inventories to be within the uncertainty range of the inventories, confirming that the posterior anthropogenic emissions did not deviate from nationally reported values. Large countries, such as China, Russia, and the United States, had the mean estimated emission of 45.7 ± 8.6, 31.9 ± 7.8, and 29.8 ± 7.8 Tg CH4 yr−1, respectively. For natural wetland emissions, we estimated large emissions for Brazil (39.8 ± 12.4 Tg CH4 yr−1), the United States (25.9 ± 8.3 Tg CH4 yr−1), Russia (13.2 ± 9.3 Tg CH4 yr−1), India (12.3 ± 6.4 Tg CH4 yr−1), and Canada (12.2 ± 5.1 Tg CH4 yr−1). In both emission categories, the major emitting countries all had the model corrections to emissions within the uncertainty range of inventories. The advantages of the approach used in this study were: (1) use of high-resolution transport, useful for simulations near emission hotspots, (2) prior anthropogenic emissions adjusted to the UNFCCC reports, (3) combining surface and satellite observations, which improves the estimation of both natural and anthropogenic methane emissions over spatial scale of countries.  
  Programme 416  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7660  
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Author Sophie M. Dupont, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Karine Delord, Charline Parenteau, Cécile Ribout, Frédéric Angelier doi  openurl
  Title Do repeated captures and handling affect phenotype and survival of growing Snow Petrel (Pagodroma nivea)? Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Polar Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 6 Pages 637-646  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In vertebrates, developmental conditions can affect not only fledging success but also the phenotype of the offspring, with potential long-term consequences on adult performance. However, surprisingly the potential impact of anthropogenic disturbance on developing chicks is rarely investigated, notably in Antarctic wildlife. In this study, we specifically investigated the effects of repeated nest visits, capture, and handling on offspring survival and several complementary offspring phenotypic traits in the Snow Petrel (Pagodroma nivea) chicks after thermal emancipation. We did not find any significant effect of our disturbance protocol on the morphology (body size, body mass, body condition), the physiology (breath rate, stress-induced corticosterone levels) and the behaviour (defense behaviour) of developing Snow Petrels. This specific disturbance protocol did not have any significant effect on chick survival, but there was a non-significant trend towards a lower survival for the disturbed group (p = 0.1006), which showed an especially high mortality during a period of repeated snow storms. To conclude, investigator disturbance seems to have little effect on Snow Petrel chicks after thermal emancipation, but to remain cautious, we recommend to avoid capture and handling of Snow Petrel chicks during or soon after inclement weather.  
  Programme 109  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1432-2056 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7661  
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Author T. Ouisse, E. Day, L. Laville, F. Hendrickx, P. Convey, D. Renault doi  openurl
  Title Effects of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of a carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Scientific Reports Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 1234  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Climatic changes can induce geographic expansion and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of invasive species by offering more thermally suitable habitats. At the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, the predatory insect Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), introduced in 1913, rapidly invaded coastal habitats. More recent colonisation of higher elevation habitats by this species could be underlain by their increased thermal suitability as the area has warmed. This study compared the effect of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of adult M. soledadinus sampled along two altitudinal transects (from the foreshore to 250 m a.s.l.) and a horizontal lowland transect orthogonal to the seashore (400 m length). Although high inter-individual and inter-transect variations in the traits examined were present, we observed that body mass of males and females tended to decrease with elevation, and that triglyceride contents decreased with distance from the shore. Moreover, protein contents of females as well as those of 26 metabolites were influenced significantly by distance to the foreshore. These results suggest that future climate change at the Kerguelen Islands will further assist the colonisation of lowland inland and higher altitude habitats by this aggressively invasive predator, by making previously sub-optimal habitats progressively more suitable.  
  Programme 136  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2045-2322 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7662  
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Author Hila Levy, Steven R Fiddaman, Juliana A Vianna, Daly Noll, Gemma V Clucas, Jasmine K H Sidhu, Michael J Polito, Charles A Bost, Richard A Phillips, Sarah Crofts, Gary D Miller, Pierre Pistorius, Francesco Bonnadonna, Céline Le Bohec, Andrés Barbosa, Phil Trathan, Andrea Raya Rey, Laurent A F Frantz, Tom Hart, Adrian L Smit file  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Molecular Biology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 37 Issue 6 Pages 1708-1726  
  Keywords immunogenetics, positive selection, Toll-like receptors, pathogen-mediated selection, Antarctica and Southern Ocean, Gentoo penguin  
  Abstract Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between different clades. In this study, we examine the diversity in a key family of innate immune genes—the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)—across the range of the Gentoo penguin. The three TLRs that we investigated present varying levels of diversity, with TLR4 and TLR5 greatly exceeding the diversity of TLR7. We present evidence of positive selection in TLR4 and TLR5, which points to pathogen-driven adaptation to the local pathogen milieu. Finally, we demonstrate that two positively selected cosegregating sites in TLR5 are sufficient to alter the responsiveness of the receptor to its bacterial ligand, flagellin. Taken together, these results suggest that Gentoo penguins have experienced distinct pathogen-driven selection pressures in different environments, which may be important given the role of the Gentoo penguin as a sentinel species in some of the world’s most rapidly changing environments.  
  Programme 137,354  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0737-4038 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7663  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author B. Lauer, R. Grandin, Y. Klinger doi  openurl
  Title Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution of the 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan Earthquake From Inversions of SAR and Optical Data Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 125 Issue 7 Pages e2019JB018380  
  Keywords Balochistan earthquake earthquake rupture modeling earthquake source processes InSAR optical data shallow slip deficit  
  Abstract The 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan earthquake ruptured the Hoshab fault (Pakistan) over 200 km. It was dominated by left-lateral slip, with a secondary reverse component. By combining optical (SPOT 5 and Landsat 8) and radar satellite data (RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X ScanSAR), we derive the 3-D coseismic displacement field and the slip distribution. Our modeling strategy involves two successive inversions allowing to explore first the fault geometry and then slip distribution. Following a statistical analysis of the coseismic surface trace, the fault is discretized into 16 segments. To determine the dip angle and down-dip width of the segments, we then perform a non-linear elastic inversion of the geodetic data set. Using output of this model, we prescribe the fault geometry and linearly invert for slip at depth with refined discretization. Results show a decrease of the fault dip, reaching 50° in the central part of the fault that structurally connects the two sub-vertical terminations dipping at >70°. The distribution of strike-slip forms a shallow continuous patch (0–8 km) that peaks at 12.7 m of slip near the epicenter. Reverse slip is distributed on several patches and becomes shallower near the southern termination, where it peaks at 5.7 m. Our model shows an absence of shallow slip deficit (SSD), as for other Mw 7.5 + strike-slip earthquakes elsewhere, hence suggesting that SSD is only found for lesser magnitude earthquakes. We speculate that moment magnitude is a key element in the occurrence of SSD.  
  Programme 133  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-9356 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7664  
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Author Vincent A. Viblanc, Quentin Schull, Antoine Stier, Laureline Durand, Emilie Lefol, Jean-Patrice Robin, Sandrine Zahn, Pierre Bize, François Criscuolo doi  openurl
  Title Foster rather than biological parental telomere length predicts offspring survival and telomere length in king penguins Type Journal
  Year (up) 2020 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords gene and early life environmental effects growth penguins reproduction investment telomere  
  Abstract Because telomere length and dynamics relate to individual growth, reproductive investment and survival, telomeres have emerged as possible markers of individual quality. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, in species with parental care, parental telomere length can be a marker of parental quality that predicts offspring phenotype and survival. In king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), we experimentally swapped the single egg of 66 breeding pairs just after egg laying to disentangle the contribution of prelaying parental quality (e.g., genetics, investment in the egg) and/or postlaying parental quality (e.g., incubation, postnatal feeding rate) on offspring growth, telomere length and survival. Parental quality was estimated through the joint effects of biological and foster parent telomere length on offspring traits, both soon after hatching (day 10) and at the end of the prewinter growth period (day 105). We expected that offspring traits would be mostly related to the telomere lengths (i.e., quality) of biological parents at day 10 and to the telomere lengths of foster parents at day 105. Results show that chick survival up to 10 days was negatively related to biological fathers’ telomere length, whereas survival up to 105 days was positively related to foster fathers’ telomere lengths. Chick growth was not related to either biological or foster parents’ telomere length. Chick telomere length was positively related to foster mothers’ telomere length at both 10 and 105 days. Overall, our study shows that, in a species with biparental care, parents’ telomere length is foremost a proxy of postlaying parental care quality, supporting the “telomere – parental quality hypothesis.”  
  Programme 119  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-294X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7665  
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