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Title |
Impact of Annual Bacterial Epizootics on Albatross Population on a Remote Island |
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Journal |
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Year  |
2020 |
Publication |
EcoHealth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
194-202 |
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Abstract |
The reduced species richness typical of oceanic islands provides an interesting environmental setup to examine in natura the epidemiological dynamics of infectious agents with potential implications for public health and/or conservation. On Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), recurrent die-offs of Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri) nestlings have been attributed to avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. In order to help implementing efficient measures for the control of this disease, it is critical to better understand the local epidemiology of P. multocida and to examine its inter- and intra-annual infection dynamics. We evaluated the infection status of 264 yellow-nosed albatrosses over four successive breeding seasons using a real-time PCR targeting P. multocida DNA from cloacal swabs. Infection prevalence patterns revealed an intense circulation of P. multocida throughout the survey, with a steady but variable increase in infection prevalence within each breeding season. These epizootics were associated with massive nestling dies-offs, inducing very low fledging successes (??20%). These results suggest important variations in the transmission dynamics of this pathogen. These findings and the developed PCR protocol have direct applications to guide future research and refine conservation plans aiming at controlling the disease. |
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109, 1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1612-9210 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7961 |
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Title |
Temporal and spatial differences in the post-breeding behaviour of a ubiquitous Southern Hemisphere seabird, the common diving petrel |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Royal Society Open Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
200670 |
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Keywords |
migration moult non-breeding Procellariiformes Southern Ocean stable isotopes |
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Abstract |
The non-breeding period plays a major role in seabird survival and population dynamics. However, our understanding of the migratory behaviour, moulting and feeding strategies of non-breeding seabirds is still very limited, especially for small-sized species. The present study investigated the post-breeding behaviour of three distant populations (Kerguelen Archipelago, southeastern Australia, New Zealand) of the common diving petrel (CDP) (Pelecanoides urinatrix), an abundant, widely distributed zooplanktivorous seabird breeding throughout the southern Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. The timing, geographical destination and activity pattern of birds were quantified through geolocator deployments during the post-breeding migration, while moult pattern of body feathers was investigated using stable isotope analysis. Despite the high energetic cost of flapping flight, all the individuals quickly travelled long distances (greater than approx. 2500 km) after the end of the breeding season, targeting oceanic frontal systems. The three populations, however, clearly diverged spatially (migration pathways and destinations), and temporally (timing and duration) in their post-breeding movements, as well as in their period of moult. Philopatry to distantly separated breeding grounds, different breeding phenologies and distinct post-breeding destinations suggest that the CDP populations have a high potential for isolation, and hence, speciation. These results contribute to improving knowledge of ecological divergence and evolution between populations, and inform the challenges of conserving migratory species. |
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394 |
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yes |
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8029 |
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Author |
Aymeric. Fromant, C. M. Miskelly, J. P. Y. Arnould, C.-A. Bost |
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Title |
Artificial burrows as a tool for long-term studies of diving petrels |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
435-442 |
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Programme |
109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7658 |
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Title |
STEM and STXM-XANES analysis of FIB sections of Ultracarbonaceous Antarctic Micrometeorites (UCAMMs) |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, id 2117 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
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Pages |
2117 |
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Abstract |
Introduction: Ultracarbonaceous Antarctic Micrometeorites (UCAMMS) are extraterrestrial dust particles containing large amount of carbonaceous material with elevated D/H ratios [1] and high N/C atomic ratio (up to 0.2)[2]. UCAMMS are rare (~ 1% of the particles in the Concordia meteorite collection) but they have been identified in several collection of interplanetary dust [3, 4]. They are most probably of cometary origin. Here, we studied the association of organic matter and minerals by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM-XANES) coupled with scanning transmission electronic microscopy (TEM/STEM). Samples and Methods: The UCAMMs studied here were collected in the Antarctic snow, close to the Concordia station at Dome C [3]. FIB sections of 8 UCAMMs (DC06-18, DC06-41, DC06-43, DC06-65, DC06-308, DC06-139, DC16-30, DC16-309) were analyzed using synchrotron based STXM-XANES at the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen K-edges. The FIB sections were subsequently analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM) using a FEI Tecnai G2 20 and a FEI TITAN Themis 300 [5, 6]. Peak identification of STXM-XANES spectra are based on [7]. XANES spectra are processed and quantified using Quantorxs method [8] and quantification of STEM EDS spectra has been realized using Hyperspy software [9]. Here, we mainly present results obtained on two recently identified UCAMMs (DC06-308 and DC16-309) and compare them with previous observations [1, 5, 6]. Results: The STXM-XANES analysis reveals 3 types of organic matter (OM) characterized by different carbon speciation. Figure 1 shows type I OM in blue and type II OM in green, both having spectra close to that of chondritic insoluble organic matter (IOM). The main peaks of type I and II OMs are found around 284.8 eV (aromatic and olefinic groups (C=C)), 286.4 eV (ketone and phenol C=O) and 288.4 eV (carboxyl O=C-O). Type II OM exhibits similar functional groups as type I OM but the first peak position is shifted to 285 eV, indicating a stronger contribution of the aromatic groups. The atomic N/C ratio of types I/II OMs range between 0.01 and 0.05 (1?=0.02) similar to those of chondritic IOM. The type III, in red on Figure 1 exhibits larger differences. The main peak is at 286.4 eV (C?N nitrile), a small peak at 284.8 eV (alkene |
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1120 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7910 |
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Author |
B. Lauer, R. Grandin, Y. Klinger |
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Title |
Fault Geometry and Slip Distribution of the 2013 Mw 7.7 Balochistan Earthquake From Inversions of SAR and Optical Data |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
e2019JB018380 |
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Keywords |
Balochistan earthquake earthquake rupture modeling earthquake source processes InSAR optical data shallow slip deficit |
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133 |
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2169-9356 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7664 |
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Author |
Baltzer, A.; Robert, L.; Roussel, O. |
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Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
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1223 |
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yes |
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8049 |
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Title |
Holocene dust in East Antarctica: Provenance and variability in time and space |
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Journal |
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2020 |
Publication |
The Holocene |
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30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
546-558 |
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Keywords |
East Antarctica ice cores dust dust stratigraphy Holocene provenance |
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Abstract |
In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-knowledge of dust flux and variability in time and space in different sectors of East Antarctica during the Holocene. By integrating the literature data with new evidences, we discuss the dust flux and grain-size variability during the current interglacial and its provenance in the innermost part of the East Antarctic plateau as well as in peripheral regions located close to the Transantarctic Mountains. The local importance of aeolian mineral dust aerosol deflated from low-elevation areas of peripheral East Antarctica is also discussed in the light of new data from several coastal, low-elevation sites. |
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1145 |
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0959-6836 |
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yes |
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7610 |
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Author |
Barbero A. Grilli R., Blouzon C., Caillon N., Savarino, J. |
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Title |
New Observations to Better Constrain NOx (NO + NO2) Concentrations on the Antarctic Plateau and to Resolve the Ambiguity in the NO2:NO Ratio |
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Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
AGU Fall Meeting 2020, 1-17 December 2020 San Francisco, USA |
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1177 |
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yes |
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7864 |
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Title |
Iron of glacial origin at Kerguelen. Geochemical and bioavialablity characterizations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Iron of glacial origin at kerguelen. geochemical and bioavialablity characterizations |
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1184 |
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8052 |
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Title |
Contrasting pelagic ecosystem functioning in eastern and western Baffin Bay revealed by trophic network modeling |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Elementa: science of the anthropocene |
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8 |
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1 |
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1164 |
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2325-1026 |
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yes |
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8113 |
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