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Téchiné P., G. Alory, L. Testut, L'us-imago Brest &Amp; Nouméa Et La Dt/insu Brest. |
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Title |
ROSAME / SSS – Gestion d'observations océanographiques |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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Journées Développement Logiciel (JDEV), 6-10 juillet 2020, visioconférence |
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688 |
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yes |
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7746 |
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T. Ouisse, E. Day, L. Laville, F. Hendrickx, P. Convey, D. Renault |
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Title |
Effects of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of a carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
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10 |
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1 |
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1234 |
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Climatic changes can induce geographic expansion and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of invasive species by offering more thermally suitable habitats. At the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, the predatory insect Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), introduced in 1913, rapidly invaded coastal habitats. More recent colonisation of higher elevation habitats by this species could be underlain by their increased thermal suitability as the area has warmed. This study compared the effect of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of adult M. soledadinus sampled along two altitudinal transects (from the foreshore to 250 m a.s.l.) and a horizontal lowland transect orthogonal to the seashore (400 m length). Although high inter-individual and inter-transect variations in the traits examined were present, we observed that body mass of males and females tended to decrease with elevation, and that triglyceride contents decreased with distance from the shore. Moreover, protein contents of females as well as those of 26 metabolites were influenced significantly by distance to the foreshore. These results suggest that future climate change at the Kerguelen Islands will further assist the colonisation of lowland inland and higher altitude habitats by this aggressively invasive predator, by making previously sub-optimal habitats progressively more suitable. |
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136 |
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2045-2322 |
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7662 |
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Tartu S., Blévin P., Bustamante P., Angelier A., Bech C., Bustnes J.o., Gabrielsen G.w., Goutte A., Moe B., Sauser C., Sire J., Barbraud C., Chastel O |
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Title |
Drivers and trends of mercury exposure in Svalbard kittiwakes in a warming context over 17 years |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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Setac north-america 41st annual meeting, fort worth, tx, usa (15-19 november 2020) virtual |
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330 |
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yes |
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8034 |
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Thomas A. Clay, Rocío Joo, Henri Weimerskirch, Richard A. Phillips, Olivier den Ouden, Mathieu Basille, Susana Clusella-Trullas, Jelle D. Assink, Samantha C. Patrick |
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Title |
Sex-specific effects of wind on the flight decisions of a sexually dimorphic soaring bird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1811-1823 |
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Keywords |
biologging foraging behaviour hidden Markov model movement ecology niche specialization optimization sexual segregation wandering albatross |
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Abstract |
In a highly dynamic airspace, flying animals are predicted to adjust foraging behaviour to variable wind conditions to minimize movement costs. Sexual size dimorphism is widespread in wild animal populations, and for large soaring birds which rely on favourable winds for energy-efficient flight, differences in morphology, wing loading and associated flight capabilities may lead males and females to respond differently to wind. However, the interaction between wind and sex has not been comprehensively tested. We investigated, in a large sexually dimorphic seabird which predominantly uses dynamic soaring flight, whether flight decisions are modulated to variation in winds over extended foraging trips, and whether males and females differ. Using GPS loggers we tracked 385 incubation foraging trips of wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans, for which males are c. 20% larger than females, from two major populations (Crozet and South Georgia). Hidden Markov models were used to characterize behavioural states—directed flight, area-restricted search (ARS) and resting—and model the probability of transitioning between states in response to wind speed and relative direction, and sex. Wind speed and relative direction were important predictors of state transitioning. Birds were much more likely to take off (i.e. switch from rest to flight) in stronger headwinds, and as wind speeds increased, to be in directed flight rather than ARS. Males from Crozet but not South Georgia experienced stronger winds than females, and males from both populations were more likely to take-off in windier conditions. Albatrosses appear to deploy an energy-saving strategy by modulating taking-off, their most energetically expensive behaviour, to favourable wind conditions. The behaviour of males, which have higher wing loading requiring faster speeds for gliding flight, was influenced to a greater degree by wind than females. As such, our results indicate that variation in flight performance drives sex differences in time–activity budgets and may lead the sexes to exploit regions with different wind regimes. |
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109 |
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1365-2656 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8077 |
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Author |
Thomas Frederikse, Maya K. Buchanan, Erwin Lambert, Robert E. Kopp, Michael Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, Roderik S. W. van de Wal |
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Title |
Antarctic Ice Sheet and emission scenario controls on 21st-century extreme sea-level changes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
390 |
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Abstract |
Uncertainties in Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios and Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) melt propagate into uncertainties in projected mean sea-level (MSL) changes and extreme sea-level (ESL) events. Here we quantify the impact of RCP scenarios and AIS contributions on 21st-century ESL changes at tide-gauge sites across the globe using extreme-value statistics. We find that even under RCP2.6, almost half of the sites could be exposed annually to a present-day 100-year ESL event by 2050. Most tropical sites face large increases in ESL events earlier and for scenarios with smaller MSL changes than extratropical sites. Strong emission reductions lower the probability of large ESL changes but due to AIS uncertainties, cannot fully eliminate the probability that large increases in frequencies of ESL events will occur. Under RCP8.5 and rapid AIS mass loss, many tropical sites, including low-lying islands face a MSL rise by 2100 that exceeds the present-day 100-year event level. |
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688 |
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2041-1723 |
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yes |
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6437 |
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Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Jean-Christopher Lambert, Henk J. Eskes, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, Ann Mari Fjæraa, José Granville, Sander Niemeijer, Alexander Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, François Hendrick, Andrea Pazmiño, Alkiviadis Bais, Ariane Bazureau, K. Folkert Boersma, Kristof Bognar, Angelika Dehn, Sebastian Donner, Aleksandr Elokhov, Manuel Gebetsberger, Florence Goutail, Michel Grutter de la Mora, Aleksandr Gruzdev, Myrto Gratsea, Georg H. Hansen, Hitoshi Irie, Nis Jepsen, Yugo Kanaya, Dimitris Karagkiozidis, Rigel Kivi, Karin Kreher, Pieternel F. Levelt, Cheng Liu, Moritz Müller, Monica Navarro Comas, Ankie J. M. Piters, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Thierry Portafaix, Olga Puentedura, Richard Querel, Julia Remmers, Andreas Richter, John Rimmer, Claudia Rivera Cárdenas, Lidia Saavedra de Miguel, Valery P. Sinyakov, Kimberley Strong, Michel Van Roozendael, J. Pepijn Veefkind, Thomas Wagner, Folkard Wittrock, Margarita Yela González, Claus Zehner |
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Ground-based validation of the Copernicus Sentinel-5p TROPOMI NO2 measurements with the NDACC ZSL-DOAS, MAX-DOAS and Pandonia global networks |
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2020 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions |
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1-40 |
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Abstract |
This Paper Reports On Consolidated Ground-based Validation Results Of The Atmospheric No2 Data Produced Operationally Since April 2018 By The Tropomi Instrument On Board Of The Esa/eu Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5p) Satellite. Tropospheric, Stratospheric, And Total No2 Column Data From S5p Are Compared To Correlative Measurements Collected From, Respectively, 19 Multi-axis Doas (Max-doas), 26 Ndacc Zenith-scattered-light Doas (Zsl-doas), And 25 Pgn/pandora Instruments Distributed Globally. The Validation Methodology Gives Special Care To Minimizing Mismatch Errors Due To Imperfect Spatio-temporal Co-location Of The Satellite And Correlative Data, E.g., By Using Tailored Observation Operators To Account For Differences In Smoothing And In Sampling Of Atmospheric Structures And Variability, And Photochemical Modelling To Reduce Diurnal Cycle Effects. Compared To The Ground-based Measurements, S5p Data Show, On An Average: (I) A Negative Bias For The Tropospheric Column Data, Of Typically −23 To −37 % In Clean To Slightly Polluted Conditions, But Reaching Values As High As −51 % Over Highly Polluted Areas; (Ii) A Slight Negative Bias For The Stratospheric Column Data, Of About −0.2 Pmolec/cm2, I.e. Approx. −2 % In Summer To −15 % In Winter; And (Iii) A Bias Ranging From Zero To −50 % For The Total Column Data, Found To Depend On The Amplitude Of The Total No2 Column, With Small To Slightly Positive Bias Values For Columns Below 6 Pmolec/cm2 And Negative Values Above. The Dispersion Between S5p And Correlative Measurements Contains Mostly Random Components, Which Remain Within Mission Requirements For The Stratospheric Column Data (0.5 Pmolec/cm2), But Exceed Those For The Tropospheric Column Data (0.7 Pmolec/cm2). While A Part Of The Biases And Dispersion May Be Due To Representativeness Differences, It Is Known That Errors In The S5p Tropospheric Columns Exist Due To Shortcomings In The (Horizontally Coarse) A-priori Profile Representation In The Tm5-mp Chemistry Transport Model Used In The S5p Retrieval, And To A Lesser Extent, To The Treatment Of Cloud Effects. Although Considerable Differences (Up To 2 Pmolec/cm2 And More) Are Observed At Single Ground-pixel Level, The Near-real-time (Nrti) And Off-line (Offl) Versions Of The S5p No2 Operational Data Processor Provide Similar No2 Column Values And Validation Results When Globally Averaged, With The Nrti Values Being On Average 0.79 % Larger Than The Offl Values. |
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209 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1867-1381 |
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yes |
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7782 |
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Author |
Tonya M. Burgers, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Brent G. T. Else, Tim N. Papakyriakou |
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Title |
Estimates of net community production from multiple approaches surrounding the spring ice-edge bloom in Baffin Bay |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
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Abstract |
Measurements of net community production (NCP) provide an upper constraint on the strength of the oceanic biological pump, the dominant mechanism for removing CO2 from the ocean surface and sequestering it at depth. In this investigation, our objectives were to describe the spatial and temporal variability of NCP associated with the spring ice-edge bloom in Baffin Bay and to identify the key environmental drivers controlling its variability. Using data collected between June 9 and July 10, 2016, we estimated NCP based on (1) underway measurements of surface water oxygen to argon ratios (O2:Ar), (2) underway measurements of the partial pressure of CO2, and (3) seasonal nitrate drawdown from discrete samples. These multiple approaches displayed high NCP (up to 5.7 mol C m–2) in eastern Baffin Bay, associated with modified Atlantic waters, and low NCP (<1 mol C m–2) in the presence of Arctic outflow waters in western Baffin Bay. Arctic outflow waters were characterized by low surface salinities and nitrate concentrations, suggesting that high freshwater content may have limited the nutrient availability of these waters. Different integration depths and timescales associated with each NCP approach were exploited to understand the temporal progression and succession of the bloom, revealing that the bloom was initiated under ice up to 15 days prior to ice retreat and that a large portion of NCP in eastern Baffin Bay (potentially up to 70%) was driven by primary production occurring below the surface-mixed layer. |
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1164 |
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2325-1026 |
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yes |
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8116 |
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Tranchant Y.-T., C. Chupin, L. Testut, V. Ballu, O. Laurain, P. Bonnefond |
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Title |
A new high-resolution coastal model in Kerguelen Island for CAL/VAL operations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
12th coastal altimetry workshop coastal altimetry training, 4-7 february 2020, esa-esrin, frascati, italy |
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688 |
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yes |
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8494 |
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Tranchant Y.-T., M. Cancet, E. Sahuc, S. Millet, F. Lyard, L. Testut, V. Ballu, C. Chupin, G. Dibarboure, N. Picot, O. Laurain, P. Bonnefond. |
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High-resolution coastal modeling in Kerguelen Island for CAL/VAL activities |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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Ocean Surface Topography Science Team Meeting (OSTST) meeting, 19-23 October 2020, Virtual |
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688 |
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yes |
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8371 |
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Tuomas Kankaanpää, Eero Vesterinen, Bess Hardwick, Niels M. Schmidt, Tommi Andersson, Paul E. Aspholm, Isabel C. Barrio, Niklas Beckers, Joël Bêty, Tone Birkemoe, Melissa DeSiervo, Katherine H. I. Drotos, Dorothee Ehrich, Olivier Gilg, Vladimir Gilg, Nils Hein, Toke T. Høye, Kristian M. Jakobsen, Camille Jodouin, Jesse Jorna, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Jean-Claude Kresse, Don-Jean Leandri-Breton, Nicolas Lecomte, Maarten Loonen, Philipp Marr, Spencer K. Monckton, Maia Olsen, Josée-Anne Otis, Michelle Pyle, Ruben E. Roos, Katrine Raundrup, Daria Rozhkova, Brigitte Sabard, Aleksandr Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Anna M. Solecki, Christine Urbanowicz, Catherine Villeneuve, Evgenya Vyguzova, Vitali Zverev, Tomas Roslin |
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Title |
Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities |
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2020 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
6276-6295 |
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Keywords |
Arctic climate change DNA barcoding Dryas food webs functional traits host–parasitoid interactions insect herbivory pollinators |
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Abstract |
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts—as being less fine-tuned to host development—to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort. |
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1036 |
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1365-2486 |
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yes |
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7686 |
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