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Ricaud, P., Del Guasta M., Bazile E., Azouz N., Lupi A., Durand P., Attié J.-L., Veron D., Guidard V., Grigioni P. |
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Supercooled Liquid Water Cloud observed, analysed and modelled at the Top of the Planetary Boundary Layer above Dome C |
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Communication |
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2020 |
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Antarctica, SCAR, Visio, Hobart, Australia, August 2020 |
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910 |
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7839 |
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Romanova, L. G., Pokatilova, N. V., Balter, V., &Amp; Crubezy, E. |
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Mezhdisciplinarnyj podhod v izuchenii pitanija jakutov s XVII po XIX v. [Archaeological and biological approaches in the study of the Yakut diet in the 17th and 19th/20th centuries] (In Russian) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Yakut medical journal |
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Volume |
1 |
Issue |
69 |
Pages |
73-76 |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7784 |
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Ross J. Turner, Martin Gal, Mark A. Hemer, Anya M. Reading |
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Title |
Impacts of the Cryosphere and Atmosphere on Observed Microseisms Generated in the Southern Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e2019JF005354 |
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Abstract |
The Southern Ocean (in the region 60–180° E) south of the Indian Ocean, Australia, and the West Pacific is noted for the frequent occurrence and severity of its storms. These storms give rise to high-amplitude secondary microseisms from sources, including the deep ocean regions, and primary microseisms where the swells impinge on submarine topographic features. A better understanding of the varying microseism wavefield enables improvements to seismic imaging and development of proxy observables to complement sparse in situ wave observations and hindcast models of the global ocean wave climate. We analyze 12–26 years of seismic data from 11 seismic stations either on the East Antarctic coast or sited in the Indian Ocean, Australia, and New Zealand. The power spectral density of the seismic wavefield is calculated to explore how the time-changing microseism intensity varies with (i) sea ice coverage surrounding Antarctica and (ii) the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) climate index. Variations in sea ice extent are found to be the dominant control on the microseism intensity at Antarctic stations, which exhibit a seasonal pattern phase-shifted by 4–5 months compared to stations in other continents. Peaks in extremal intensity at East Antarctic stations occur in March–April, with the highest peaks for secondary microseisms occurring during negative SAM events. This relationship between microseism intensity and the SAM index is opposite to that observed on the Antarctic Peninsula. This work informs the complexity of microseism amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and assists ongoing interdisciplinary investigations of interannual variability and long-term trends. |
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133 |
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2169-9011 |
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yes |
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7668 |
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Author |
S. Fabri-Ruiz, N. Navarro, R. Laffont, B. Danis, T. Saucède |
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Title |
Diversity of Antarctic Echinoids and Ecoregions of the Southern Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
683-698 |
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Abstract |
Significant environmental changes have already been documented in the Southern Ocean (e.g. sea water temperature increase and salinity drop) but its marine life is still incompletely known given the heterogeneous nature of biogeographic data. However, to establish sustainable conservation areas, understanding species and communities distribution patterns is critical. For this purpose, the ecoregionalization approach can prove useful by identifying spatially explicit and well-delimited regions of common species composition and environmental settings. Such regions are expected to have similar biotic responses to environmental changes and can be used to define priorities for the designation of Marine Protected Areas. In the present work, a benthic ecoregionalization of the Southern Ocean is proposed based on echinoids distribution data and abiotic environmental parameters. Echinoids are widely distributed in the Southern Ocean, they are taxonomically and ecologically well diversified and documented. Given the heterogeneity of the sampling effort, predictive spatial models were produced to fill the gaps in between species distribution data. A first procedure was developed using Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) to combine individual species models into ecoregions. A second, integrative procedure was implemented using the Generalized Dissimilarity Models (GDM) to model and assemble species distributions. Both procedures were compared to propose benthic ecoregions at the scale of the entire Southern Ocean. |
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1044 |
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1608-3059 |
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yes |
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6698 |
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Author |
Sacré N. |
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Title |
Modélisation des réseaux trophiques dans les environnements marins côtiers des Iles Kerguelen |
Type |
Master 2 |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Master 2 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Université / Université de Bourgogne |
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48 pp |
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1044 |
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yes |
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8060 |
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Author |
Sam L. Cox, Matthieu Authier, Florian Orgeret, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
High mortality rates in a juvenile free-ranging marine predator and links to dive and forage ability |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
410-430 |
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Keywords |
bio-logging early life foraging ecology juvenile mortality Mirounga leonina southern elephant seal survival analyses |
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High juvenile mortality rates are typical of many long-lived marine vertebrate predators. Insufficient development in dive and forage ability is considered a key driver of this. However, direct links to survival outcome are sparse, particularly in free-ranging marine animals that may not return to land. In this study, we conduct exploratory investigations toward early mortality in juvenile southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina. Twenty postweaning pups were equipped with (a) a new-generation satellite relay data tag, capable of remotely transmitting fine-scale behavioral movements from accelerometers, and (b) a location transmitting only tag (so that mortality events could be distinguished from device failures). Individuals were followed during their first trip at sea (until mortality or return to land). Two analyses were conducted. First, the behavioral movements and encountered environmental conditions of nonsurviving pups were individually compared to temporally concurrent observations from grouped survivors. Second, common causes of mortality were investigated using Cox's proportional hazard regression and penalized shrinkage techniques. Nine individuals died (two females and seven males) and 11 survived (eight females and three males). All but one individual died before the return phase of their first trip at sea, and all but one were negatively buoyant. Causes of death were variable, although common factors included increased horizontal travel speeds and distances, decreased development in dive and forage ability, and habitat type visited (lower sea surface temperatures and decreased total [eddy] kinetic energy). For long-lived marine vertebrate predators, such as the southern elephant seal, the first few months of life following independence represent a critical period, when small deviations in behavior from the norm appear sufficient to increase mortality risk. Survival rates may subsequently be particularly vulnerable to changes in climate and environment, which will have concomitant consequences on the demography and dynamics of populations. |
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109,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2045-7758 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7667 |
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Author |
Samantha C. Patrick, Alexandre Corbeau, Denis Réale, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Coordination in parental effort decreases with age in a long-lived seabird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Oikos |
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Volume |
129 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1763-1772 |
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Keywords |
albatrosses biologging foraging bout incubation shift duration life history tradeoffs parental care sexual conflict |
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Abstract |
Biparental care is widespread in avian species. Individuals may match the contribution of their partner, resulting in equal parental effort, or may exploit their partner, to minimise their own investment. These two hypotheses have received much theoretical and empirical attention in short-lived species, that change mates between seasons. However, in species with persistent pair bonds, where divorce is rare and costly, selective pressures are different, as partners share the value of future reproduction. In such species, coordination has been suggested to be adaptive and to increase early in life, as a consequence of the importance of mate familiarity. However, as birds age, an increase in re-pairing probability occurs in parallel to a decline in their survival probability. At the point when partners no longer share future reproductive success, exploitation of a partner could become adaptive, reducing selection for coordinated effort. As such, we suggest that coordination in parental effort will decline with age in long-lived species. Using incubation bout duration data, estimated from salt-water immersion bio-loggers, deployed on black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris, we examined the correlation in incubation bout durations for sequential bouts, as a measure of coordination. Our results show that coordination is highest in inexperienced pairs (early in reproductive life) and declines throughout the lifetime of birds. This suggests that both cooperation, indicated by coordinated effort, and conflict over care occurs in this species. We find no change in individual bout duration with increasing breeding experience, and hence no support for the hypothesis that aging leads to changes in individual incubation behaviour. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to demonstrate strong coordination in parental care when pairs share future reproductive success, but a decline in coordination with age, as sexual conflict increases. |
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109 |
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1600-0706 |
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yes |
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8078 |
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Author |
Samuel Veilleux, Najat Bhiry, Armelle Decaulne |
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Title |
Talus slope characterization in Tasiapik Valley (subarctic Québec): Evidence of past and present slope processes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Geomorphology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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349 |
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Pages |
106911 |
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Morphometry Nunavik Periglacial Slope dynamics Snow avalanches |
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Topographic, granulometric, morphometric, petrographic and vegetation surveys were conducted on the slopes of Tasiapik Valley, near Umiujaq (Nunavik), to document mass wasting processes and their geomorphological impact. Talus slopes, widespread at the foot of the steep rockwalls of Tasiapik Valley, are an important landscape feature in the area. The lithology of the slope deposits attest their local origin, namely the result of rockfalls coming from the adjacent wall. Locally, poor vegetation covering the clasts exhibits recently fallen debris; elsewhere, dense shrub cover has colonized the slopes demonstrating the low activity nowadays. On-going periglacial processes have led to extensive dismantling of the rockface, enabling for debris supply. Following the last deglaciation, paraglacial processes have potentially favoured slope instabilities. The use of automatic cameras during the winter 2017–2018 resulted in the observation of many snow-avalanche events; however few rockfall events have been observed. Spring snow avalanches have carried rock debris to the talus at the foot of the slope; snow also enabled debris redistribution on the slopes. |
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1148 |
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0169-555X |
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yes |
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8261 |
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Sanne Muis, Maialen Irazoqui Apecechea, Job Dullaart, Joao de Lima Rego, Kristine Skovgaard Madsen, Jian Su, Kun Yan, Martin Verlaan |
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Title |
A High-Resolution Global Dataset of Extreme Sea Levels, Tides, and Storm Surges, Including Future Projections |
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2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
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7 |
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263 |
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The world’s coastal areas are increasingly at risk of coastal flooding due to sea-level rise (SLR). We present a novel global dataset of extreme sea levels, the Coastal Dataset for the Evaluation of Climate Impact (CoDEC), which can be used to accurately map the impact of climate change on coastal regions around the world. The third generation Global Tide and Surge Model (GTSM), with a coastal resolution of 2.5 km (1.25 km in Europe), was used to simulate extreme sea levels for the ERA5 climate reanalysis from 1979 to 2017, as well as for future climate scenarios from 2040 to 2100. The validation against observed sea levels demonstrated a good performance, and the annual maxima had a mean bias (MB) of -0.04 m, which is 50% lower than the MB of the previous GTSR dataset. By the end of the century (2071–2100), it is projected that the 1 in 10-year water levels will have increased 0.34 m on average for RCP4.5, while some locations may experience increases of up to 0.5 m. The change in return levels is largely driven by SLR, although at some locations changes in storms surges and interaction with tides amplify the impact of SLR with changes up to 0.2 m. By presenting an application of the CoDEC dataset to the city of Copenhagen, we demonstrate how climate impact indicators derived from simulation can contribute to an understanding of climate impact on a local scale. Moreover, the CoDEC output locations are designed to be used as boundary conditions for regional models, and we envisage that they will be used for dynamic downscaling. |
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688 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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8031 |
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Author |
Sara Aoroli |
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Title |
Calibration and exploitation of an automatic spectral albedometer to estimate near-surface snow SSA time series |
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Master 2 |
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2020 |
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1110 |
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7891 |
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