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Author Matthis Auger, Rosemary Morrow, Elodie Kestenare, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Rebecca Cowley doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability Type Journal
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 514  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Despite playing a major role in global ocean heat storage, the Southern Ocean remains the most sparsely measured region of the global ocean. Here, a unique 25-year temperature time-series of the upper 800 m, repeated several times a year across the Southern Ocean, allows us to document the long-term change within water-masses and how it compares to the interannual variability. Three regions stand out as having strong trends that dominate over interannual variability: warming of the subantarctic waters (0.29 ± 0.09 °C per decade); cooling of the near-surface subpolar waters (−0.07 ± 0.04 °C per decade); and warming of the subsurface subpolar deep waters (0.04 ± 0.01 °C per decade). Although this subsurface warming of subpolar deep waters is small, it is the most robust long-term trend of our section, being in a region with weak interannual variability. This robust warming is associated with a large shoaling of the maximum temperature core in the subpolar deep water (39 ± 09 m per decade), which has been significantly underestimated by a factor of 3 to 10 in past studies. We find temperature changes of comparable magnitude to those reported in Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas, which calls for a reconsideration of current ocean changes with important consequences for our understanding of future Antarctic ice-sheet mass loss.  
  Programme 694  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2041-1723 ISBN 2041-1723 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7837  
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Author Maxime Pineaux, Thomas Merkling, Etienne Danchin, Scott Hatch, David Duneau, Pierrick Blanchard, Sarah Leclaire doi  openurl
  Title Sex and hatching order modulate the association between MHC-II diversity and fitness in early-life stages of a wild seabird Type Journal
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Molecular Ecology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 29 Issue 17 Pages 3316-3329  
  Keywords divergent allele advantage fitness heterozygote advantage immunity Ixodes uriae parasite-mediated selection  
  Abstract Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a pivotal role in parasite resistance, and their allelic diversity has been associated with fitness variations in several taxa. However, studies report inconsistencies in the direction of this association, with either positive, quadratic or no association being described. These discrepancies may arise because the fitness costs and benefits of MHC diversity differ among individuals depending on their exposure and immune responses to parasites. Here, we investigated in black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) chicks whether associations between MHC class-II diversity and fitness vary with sex and hatching order. MHC-II diversity was positively associated with growth and tick clearance in female chicks, but not in male chicks. Our data also revealed a positive association between MHC-II diversity and survival in second-hatched female chicks (two eggs being the typical clutch size). These findings may result from condition-dependent parasite infections differentially impacting sexes in relation to hatching order. We thus suggest that it may be important to account for individual heterogeneities in traits that potentially exert selective pressures on MHC diversity in order to properly predict MHC–fitness associations.  
  Programme 1162  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1365-294X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8311  
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Author Mazé C., Tixier P., Boulinier T., Gamble A., Guinet C., Robin J.-p. Et J. Labonne doi  openurl
  Title La transformation vers la soutenabilité, de la théorie à la pratique : la ZATA, un modèle d'étude et d'action pertinent et efficace. Le cas des pêcheries et de la conservation des oiseaux et mammifères marins Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year (down) 2020 Publication 5ème colloque des zones ateliers-cnrs 2000-2020, 20 ans de recherche du réseau des zones ateliers. blois, france, 4-5 novembre 2020. oral. actes du colloque. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
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  Abstract L'horizon de transformation vers la soutenabilité fondée sur le concept de résilience en écologie est décrit de manière normative dans la littérature en sciences de l'environnement ou mis en valeur à partir de cas d'étude isolés. S'ils constituent d'importantes « semences pour un bon Anthropocène » ces exemples restent encore trop rares, alors que la transformation devrait d'être entreprise à plus grande échelle et à vitesse rapide. Cette transformation nécessite urgemment d'être mise en pratique de manière plus systématique et étayée à partir de cas d'action-recherche efficaces. Pour ce faire, ceux-ci doivent être conçus et mis en œuvre grâce à de nouvelles configurations, représentations et pratiques des relations entre chercheurs et autres acteurs du territoire, publics comme privés. Autrement dit, la transformation implique un changement de gouvernance, pour aller vers une gestion adaptative des territoires, des ressources naturelles et des sociétés qui en dépendent. Elle doit faire une plus grande place aux interactions entre humains et non-humains, redéfinir en profondeur le rapport homme / nature et passer par un rééquilibrage des pouvoirs entre groupes d'acteurs et institutions, dans le processus de décision en matière de gestion environnementale. Les sciences sociales et en particulier l'anthropologie des relations homme / milieu, la sociologie politique des sciences, la sociologie politique et l'économie écologique doivent être mobilisées à cette fin, en étroite interaction avec l'écologie. Les zones-ateliers fournissent à ce titre des cas privilégiés, permettant d'opérer ce changement de paradigme, en donnant une plus grande place à l'action collective, à l'hybridation des savoirs et à l'articulation équilibrée entre intérêts divergents. Elles permettent d'identifier les paramètres déterminants pour générer de manière efficace la transformation. La ZATA, zone atelier Antarctique et Terres Australes, malgré une pression anthropique directe limitée, offre un cadre de travail privilégié pour identifier les paramètres nécessaires à la mise en œuvre d'une gouvernance propice à une gestion adaptative permettant d'augmenter la résilience des SES. La pression du changement global y est très forte, tout comme les interactions entre les diverses catégories d'acteurs et d'institutions historiquement situées. La présence des scientifiques y est très installée et mêlée à des enjeux politiques, économiques et géostratégiques auxquels contribuent la conservation de la biodiversité. A partir de deux modèles d'étude (pêcheries à Kerguelen et interactions avec la mégafaune marine/ conservation des oiseaux marins, pathogènes et dératisation à Amsterdam) faisant intervenir des chercheurs, des décideurs, des gestionnaires et les acteurs économiques dans le processus de décision multi-échelles (e.g. État français / CCAMLAR-RCTA) en termes de gestion environnementale, nous présenterons une méthode de modélisation des socio-écosystèmes en systèmes dynamiques. Les modèles produits permettent d'envisager leurs trajectoires de résilience en fonction des choix de gestion et peuvent ainsi servir d'outil d'aide à la décision et d'instrument inédit en matière de construction des mesures de gestion adaptative. Cette communication, élaborée au fil des interactions avec les gestionnaires, alliera ainsi réflexion théorique et retours sur des cas concrets pouvant permettre une montée en généralité utile pour aller vers une gouvernance des SES effective et efficace en termes de résilience et de soutenabilité.  
  Programme 119  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8096  
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Author Meudec L. openurl 
  Title Caractérisation des habitats marins benthiques en zones côtières aux Iles Kerguelen par analyse d’images sous-marines Type Master 1
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Master 1 Sciences de la Mer, Sorbonne Universités / Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 13 pp  
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  Programme 1044  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8061  
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Author Mioara Mandea, Aude Chambodut doi  openurl
  Title Geomagnetic Field Processes and Their Implications for Space Weather Type Journal
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Surveys in Geophysics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue 6 Pages 1611-1627  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Understanding the magnetic environment of our planet and the geomagnetic field changes in time and space is a very important issue for assessing the Sun–Earth interactions. All changes in solar activity impact the delicate balance between influences of interplanetary magnetic field and of geomagnetic field. The most dynamic events eventually result in disturbances in the magnitude and direction of the Earth’s magnetic field and therefore impact our planet and its magnetosphere as a whole. The dynamics of the ionosphere and thermosphere during magnetic storms and substorms involves the heating, expansion, and composition changes at high latitudes, but also the surface-level response in terms of geomagnetically induced currents and other geomagnetic and geoelectric disturbances. Here, we provide a short overview of the current knowledge of the Earth’s magnetic field, its present shape and the way it responds to external forces. The main aim of the paper is not to present the complexity of the space weather processes, but rather to bring the attention of the geohazard community to the possible dramatic effects of space weather events. For this, the paper highlights some societal implications of space weather on our increasingly technology-dependent society, including some possible effects of geomagnetically induced currents, the disruption of satellite communications and navigation, and risks of radiation damage both in space and in aviation.  
  Programme 139  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1573-0956 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7016  
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Author Moe B., Hanssen S.A., Ytrehus B., Balk L., Chastel O., Christensen-Dalsgaard S., Gustavsson H., Langset M. isbn  openurl
  Title Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study Type Book
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Norvegian institute for nature research report Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1720 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Moe, B., Hanssen, S. A., Ytrehus, B., Balk, L., Chastel, O., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Gustavsson, H. & Langset, M. 2020.Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study. NINA Report 1720. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is vital for life-sustaining enzymes in cells. Previous studies have reported episodes of thiamine deficiency in marine ecosystems, and suggested that this have contributed to population declines of seabirds breeding in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere. Many Norwegian seabird populations have shown a strong decline in population size, but thiamine status has never been assessed. The objective of this pilot study was, thus, to document thiamin levels in selected species and their associated food webs, and explore methodological issues relevant for future studies or monitoring. The methodological tests showed that storage freezing temperature did not affect thiamine levels in egg yolk samples, and that thiamine levels in eggs could not be corrected for incubation time. Furthermore, the quantified thiamine levels differed between two laboratories, and we developed a predictive equation to convert thiamine levels in egg yolk samples between the laboratories. This pilot study has, for the first time, investigated thiamine levels in seabird eggs from selected species and populations in Norway mainland and Svalbard, and in their food webs. We revealed variation among species, populations and prey types. The lowest levels were found in eggs from common eiders and in blue mussel which is their prey. Eggs from herring gulls had also relatively low levels. The levels for common eiders and herring gulls were higher than previously reported from the Baltic Sea. Nevertheless, the levels from common eiders, herring gulls and blue mussels should be classified as thiamine deficient according to effect-ranges reported in these previous studies. The highest levels were found in eggs from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. The diet samples from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins had higher thiamine levels compared to blue mussels. This is the first time thiamine levels are reported for kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. This pilot-study cannot answer whether Norwegian seabird population sizes are affected by thiamine levels, but we cannot rule out that thiamine can be a limiting factor for some Norwegian seabird populations. This report identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies and monitoring. We suggest more sampling of levels to better understand variation among years, areas, species and populations, and also clinical examinations and surveys. Studies investigating potential effects on reproduction and survival is ultimately need to better understand potential effects on population dynamics.  
  Programme 330  
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  ISSN ISBN 978-82-426-3471-9 Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8727  
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Author Morgan Godard, Claude Manté, Christophe Guinet, Baptiste Picard, David Nerini doi  openurl
  Title Diving Behavior of Mirounga leonina: A Functional Data Analysis Approach Type Journal
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 595  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The diving behavior of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, is investigated through the analysis of time-depth dive profiles. The originality of this work is to consider dive profiles as continuous curves. For this purpose, a Functional Data Analysis (FDA) approach is proposed for the shape analysis of a collection of dive profiles. Complexity of dive shapes is characterized by a mixture of three main shape variations accounting for about 80% of the entire variability: U or V shape, vertical depth variability during the bottom time, and skewed left or right. Model-based clustering allows the identification of eight dive shape clusters in a quick and automated way. Connection between shape patterns and classical descriptors, as well as the number of prey capture events, is achieved, showing that the clusters are coherent to specific foraging behaviors previously identified in the literature labeled as drift, exploratory and active dives. Finally, FDA is compared to classical methods relying on the computation of discrete dive descriptors. Results show that taking the shape of the dive as a whole is more resilient to corrupted or incomplete sampled data. FDA is, therefore, an efficient tool adapted for processing and comparing dive data with different sampling frequencies and for improving the quality and the accuracy of transmitted data.  
  Programme 1201  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-7745 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8009  
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Author Moynard Fanny openurl 
  Title L’exposition des insectes aux insecticides accroît-elle leur sensibilité au réchauffement climatique? Master 1 EFCE, Université de Rennes 1 (Encadrement: D. Renault) Type Master 1
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Rapport de l'université de Rennes 1 Abbreviated Journal  
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  Programme 136  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7757  
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Author Najat Bhiry, Dominique Marguerie, Tommy Weetaluktuk, Pierre M. Desrosiers, Dominique Todisco, Myosotis Desroches Bourgon, David Aoustin doi  openurl
  Title Dorset and Thule Inuit occupations of Qikirtajuaq (Smith Island), Nunavik, Canada: a palaeoecological approach Type Journal
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Boreas Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 826-843  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Qikirtajuaq is a long island facing the Inuit village of Akulivik on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada) that is rich in archaeological sites. Kangiakallak-1 (JeGn-2), one of the main sites on this island, is a large multicomponent site that includes Dorset and Thule Inuit winter houses. This study documents the dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the successive occupations of the Kangiakallak-1 settlement based on plant macrofossils, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses and archaeological research. The data indicate that Dorset inhabitants constructed their dwelling at about 772 cal. a BP. The site was reused by the Thule Inuit a few decades later, starting at about 671 cal. a BP. Thus, Kangiakallak-1 is one of the few sites, at least in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada), that were rapidly reoccupied by the Thule Inuit after the departure of the Dorset inhabitants, which indicates a possible overlap between the two cultures in the Akulivik region. The palaeoecological data show that both Dorset and Thule inhabitants left clear footprints at the local scale in the form of several nitrophilous species that became established in and near the houses and persisted over a long period. The deposition of domestic waste (including bone fragments, skin, burnt fat and charcoal fragments) inside the subterranean dwellings fertilized the soil and led to the growth of unique nitrophilous plants. These changes transformed the houses into exceptional floristic refuges.  
  Programme 1080  
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  ISSN 1502-3885 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8292  
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Author Natacha Garcin openurl 
  Title The effects of stress hormones on king penguin's growth, energetics and ageing rate Type Master 2
  Year (down) 2020 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 35  
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  Abstract Stress exposure and stress response are likely to vary according to life history strategies and across environmental contexts. If the release of glucocorticoids (e.g. corticosterone, CORT) in response to acute stress enables animals to rightfully cope with the situation, chronic exposure to high CORT levels can lead to deleterious cascading effects on animal’s physiology, behavior and fitness. Some species may be more adapted to cope with stressful events than others and might exhibit natural adaptations to limit the adverse consequences of prolonged high CORT levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of experimentally elevated CORT levels on the growth, energetics and ageing of king penguin chicks (Aptenodytes patagonicus), using sub-cutaneous CORT implants. We investigated the effects of CORT both on the medium (23 days
after implant) and the long-term (fledging: ~ 200 days after the implant) on morphological (i.e. body mass and size), behavioral (i.e. aggressivity, physical activity) and physiological traits (i.e. heart rate, CORT response to acute stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial density and telomere length). Although CORT-treated chicks were taller, more aggressive and displayed lower CORT response to acute stress on the medium-term, there was no significant impact of CORT on the body mass and whole-body energetics assessed through heart rate and physical activity. Moreover, CORT chicks displayed lower oxidized glutathione on the medium and long-term, thus indirectly preventing
oxidative damage, while telomere length and mitochondrial density were not influenced by CORT implants. Although chronic elevation of glucocorticoid levels is mostly known to result in negative physiological and behavioral outcomes, our results indicating some positive effects of CORT implants are consistent with the hypothesis that species who encounter several noxious stressors in their environment, could be naturally adapted to cope with them. The growth-enhancing effect of CORT might be mediated by a higher efficiency at which food is assimilated and/or used, and CORT chicks might benefit from aggressive behaviors during competitive interactions or predation
encounters. Through the antioxidant glutathione system, CORT treated chicks seem to have developed a resistance to oxidative stress that could last over time (i.e. possibly through a reduction
of ROS production). While CORT implants did not accelerate ageing or bring short and mediumterm costs, possible long lasting programming effects of CORT should be further investigated.
 
  Programme 119  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8101  
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