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Title |
Over Winter Microbial Processes in a Svalbard Snow Pack: An Experimental Approach |
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Year  |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
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Pages |
1029 |
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1192 |
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1664-302X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7965 |
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Author |
Alexey Lyubushin |
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Title |
Global Seismic Noise Entropy |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
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Pages |
558 |
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133 |
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ISSN |
2296-6463 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7889 |
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Title |
Trace elements and persistent organic pollutants in chicks of 13 seabird species from Antarctica to the subtropics |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Environment International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
134 |
Issue |
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Pages |
105225 |
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Keywords |
Albatrosses; Mercury; Penguins; Petrels; Selenium; Stable isotopes |
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Programme |
109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0160-4120 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7674 |
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Title |
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Specialized Metabolites for Predicting Lichen Fitness and Snail Foraging |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Plants |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
70 |
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Keywords |
Notodiscus hookeri Pseudocyphellaria crocata Chemical Ecology Lichens Lobariaceae Mass Spectrometry Imaging Optimal Defense Theory Specialized Metabolites |
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Abstract |
Lichens are slow-growing organisms supposed to synthetize specialized metabolites to protect themselves against diverse grazers. As predicted by the optimal defense theory (ODT), lichens are expected to invest specialized metabolites in higher levels in reproductive tissues compared to thallus. We investigated whether Laser Desorption Ionization coupled to Mass Spectrometry Imaging (LDI-MSI) could be a relevant tool for chemical ecology issues such as ODT. In the present study, this method was applied to cross-sections of thalli and reproductive tissues of the lichen Pseudocyphellaria crocata. Spatial mapping revealed phenolic families of metabolites. A quantification of these metabolites was carried out in addition to spatial imaging. By this method, accumulation of specialized metabolites was observed in both reproductive parts (apothecia and soralia) of P. crocata, but their nature depended on the lichen organs: apothecia concentrated norstictic acid, tenuiorin, and pulvinic acid derivatives, whereas soralia mainly contained tenuiorin and pulvinic acid. Stictic acid, tenuiorin and calycin, tested in no-choices feeding experiments, were deterrent for N. hookeri while entire thalli were consumed by the snail. To improve better knowledge in relationships between grazed and grazing organisms, LDI-MSI appears to be a complementary tool in ecological studies |
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136 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8265 |
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Title |
Stratospheric Ozone Changes From Explosive Tropical Volcanoes: Modeling and Ice Core Constraints |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research: atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e2019JD032290 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica chemistry-climate modeling isotopes in ice cores ozone Samalas volcanic eruption |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1177 |
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ISSN |
2169-8996 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7856 |
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Author |
Amandine Gamble, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier |
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Title |
Seabirds blinded by ticks |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
322-322 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
1151 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1540-9309 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7797 |
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Title |
Predator and scavenger movements among and within endangered seabird colonies: Opportunities for pathogen spread |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
367-378 |
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Keywords |
conservation biology disease ecology dynamic space utilization individual heterogeneity movement ecology Pasteurella multocida sentinel species serology |
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Abstract |
The spatial structure of host communities is expected to constrain pathogen spread. However, predators and/or scavengers may connect distant host (sub)populations when foraging. Determining whether some individuals or populations play a prominent role in the spread of pathogens is critical to inform management measures. We explored movements and epidemiological status of brown skuas Stercorarius antarcticus, the only avian terrestrial consumer native of Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), to assess whether and how they could be involved in the spread of the bacterium Pasteurella multocida, which recurrently causes avian cholera outbreaks in endangered albatross and penguin species breeding on the island. High proportions of seropositive and DNA-positive individuals for P. multocida indicated that skuas are highly exposed to the pathogen and may be able to transmit it. Movement tracking revealed that the foraging ranges of breeding skuas largely overlap among individuals and expand all along the coasts where albatrosses and penguins nest, but not on the inland plateau hosting the endemic Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis. Considering the epidemiological and movement data, skua movements may provide opportunity for pathogen spread among and within seabird colonies. Synthesis and applications. This work highlights the importance of considering the behaviour and epidemiological status of predators and scavengers in disease dynamics because the foraging movements of individuals of such species can potentially limit the efficiency of local management measures in spatially structured host communities. Such species could thus represent priority vaccination targets to implement efficient management measures aiming at limiting pathogen spread and also be used as sentinels to monitor pathogen circulation and evaluate the effectiveness of management measures. |
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Programme |
109,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-2664 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7683 |
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Author |
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Title |
Detecting Regime Transitions of the Nocturnal and Polar Near-Surface Temperature Inversion |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of the atmospheric sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
2921-2940 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Abstract Many natural systems undergo critical transitions, i.e., sudden shifts from one dynamical regime to another. In the climate system, the atmospheric boundary layer can experience sudden transitions between fully turbulent states and quiescent, quasi-laminar states. Such rapid transitions are observed in polar regions or at night when the atmospheric boundary layer is stably stratified, and they have important consequences in the strength of mixing with the higher levels of the atmosphere. To analyze the stable boundary layer, many approaches rely on the identification of regimes that are commonly denoted as weakly and very stable regimes. Detecting transitions between the regimes is crucial for modeling purposes. In this work a combination of methods from dynamical systems and statistical modeling is applied to study these regime transitions and to develop an early warning signal that can be applied to nonstationary field data. The presented metric aims to detect nearing transitions by statistically quantifying the deviation from the dynamics expected when the system is close to a stable equilibrium. An idealized stochastic model of near-surface inversions is used to evaluate the potential of the metric as an indicator of regime transitions. In this stochastic system, small-scale perturbations can be amplified due to the nonlinearity, resulting in transitions between two possible equilibria of the temperature inversion. The simulations show such noise-induced regime transitions, successfully identified by the indicator. The indicator is further applied to time series data from nocturnal and polar meteorological measurements. |
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Programme |
1013 |
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ISSN |
0022-4928, 1520-0469 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8151 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
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Title |
A framework for mapping the distribution of seabirds by integrating tracking, demography and phenology |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
514-525 |
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Keywords |
albatrosses at-sea threats conservation distributions longline fisheries megafauna petrels seabird density |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
388 |
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ISSN |
1365-2664 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7655 |
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Author |
Angus F. Henderson, Clive R. McMahon, Rob Harcourt, Christophe Guinet, Baptiste Picard, Simon Wotherspoon, Mark A. Hindell |
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Title |
Inferring Variation in Southern Elephant Seal At-Sea Mortality by Modelling Tag Failure |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
796 |
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Abstract |
Identifying factors influencing survivorship is key to understanding population persistence. Although satellite telemetry is a powerful tool for studying remote animal ecology and behaviour it is rarely used for demographic studies because distinguishing the death of the animal (individual mortality) from failure of the tag (mechanical tag failure) has proven difficult. Southern elephant seals present an opportunity to separate tag failure from animal mortality thanks to the availability of large tracking datasets, broad knowledge of demographic rates, and because for these large animals, satellite tags are known not to influence mortality rates. A key rationale for investigating satellite telemetry to estimate mortality as compared to using traditional Capture-Mark-Recapture methods is the potential for obtaining spatially and temporally specific information, particularly while the animals are at sea and largely unobservable. We used satellite tag data from 182 seals from Isles Kerguelen, deployed between 2004 and 2018. Of these, 76 (42%) tags transmitted for the full post-moult foraging trip (max. 265 days for females and max. 305 days for sub-adult males) with the remaining 107 tags (58%) ceasing transmission at sea. We found that contrary to expectations, behavioural choices seem not to influence tag failure rates by mechanical means, rather the signals we detected seemed to align with previously described variation in mortality between groups. There was evidence, albeit limited, for an increase in tag failure for adult females in years with negative Southern Annular Mode (lower Southern Ocean productivity). We speculate that this increase in failure may suggest higher mortality in these years. Also, males using the Kerguelen Plateau had higher tag failure rates than those in the sea-ice zone, perhaps indicative of higher mortality. We suspect that these differences in tag failure rates between groups reflect variation in predator exposure and foraging success. This suggests satellite telemetry could be used to infer mortality events for southern elephant seals while they are at sea. |
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1201 |
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2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8007 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
