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Author Amandine Gamble, Henri Weimerskirch, Thierry Boulinier file  doi
openurl 
  Title Seabirds blinded by ticks Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 18 Issue 6 Pages 322-322  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In December 2017, on Possession Island (part of the Crozet Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean), we observed two breeding white‐chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis ) with very high levels of tick (Ixodes kerguelenensis ) infestation on both eyes. This degree of infestation was likely responsible for the birds’ death. Although this rare observation may seem anecdotal, it reveals that ticks can be fatal for a long‐lived colonial seabird species, in this case one that is already under pressure from fisheries bycatch and predation by introduced black rats (Rattus rattus ). It also raises questions about the frequency and spatial distribution of such a phenomenon and the conditions that may have been responsible for its occurrence. Such high parasite loads imply high local tick abundances but also a lack of preening by the partner. Could this be linked to the recent death of the partner? Infestations by ticks can affect the health of hosts through blood loss, the injection of toxins, and the transmission of infectious agents. In this instance, the mechanical blocking of eyesight may also have affected the birds’ behavior. The potential impact of climate change on local parasitic infestation levels is another important question. Parasites and diseases can harm endangered species in polar and subpolar areas, and could play critical roles in some circumstances.  
  Programme 1151  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1540-9309 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7797  
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Author E. Aristidi, A. Agabi, L. Abe, E. Fossat, A. Ziad, D. Mékarnia doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Dome C coherence time statistics from DIMM data Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 496 Issue 4 Pages 4822-4826  
  Keywords Astrophysics – Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics  
  Abstract We present a reanalysis of several years of DIMM data at the site of Dome C, Antarctica, to provide measurements of the coherence time $\tau0$. Statistics and seasonal behaviour of $\tau0$ are given at two heights above the ground, 3m and 8m, for the wavelength $\lambda=500$nm. We found an annual median value of $2.9$ms at the height of 8m. A few measurements could also be obtained at the height of 20m and give a median value of 6ms during the period June--September. For the first time, we provide measurements of $\tau0$ in daytime during the summer, which appears to show the same time dependence as the seeing with a sharp maximum at 5pm local time. Exceptional values of $\tau0$ above 10ms are met at this particular moment. The continuous slow variations of turbulence conditions during the day offers a natural test bed for a solar adaptive optics system.  
  Programme 1066  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0035-8711, 1365-2966 ISBN 0035-8711, 1365-2966 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7825  
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Author Philippe Ricaud, Paolo Grigioni, Romain Roehrig, Pierre Durand, Dana E. Veron file  doi
openurl 
  Title Trends in Atmospheric Humidity and Temperature above Dome C, Antarctica Evaluated from Observations and Reanalyses Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Atmosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 836  
  Keywords meteorological reanalyses microwave radiometer precipitable water radiosondes SAM index temperature trends  
  Abstract The time evolution of humidity and temperature above Dome C (Antarctica) has been investigated by considering data from (1) meteorological radiosondes (2005–2017), (2) the microwave radiometer HAMSTRAD (2012–2017), (3) four modern meteorological reanalyses (1980–2017) and (4) the southern annular mode (SAM) index (1980–2017). From these observations (2005–2017), a significant moistening trend (0.08 ± 0.06 kg m−2 dec−1) is associated with a significant warming trend (1.08 ± 0.55 K dec−1) in summer. Conversely, a significant drying trend of −0.04 ± 0.03 kg m−2 dec−1 (−0.05 ± 0.03 kg m−2 dec−1) is associated with a significant cooling trend of −2.4 ± 1.2 K dec−1 (−5.1 ± 2.0 K dec−1) in autumn (winter), with no significant trends in the spring. We demonstrate that 1) the trends identified in the radiosondes (2005–2017) are also present in the reanalyses and 2) the multidecadal variability of integrated water vapor and near-surface temperature (1980–2017) is strongly influenced by variability in the SAM index for all seasons but spring. Our study suggests that the decadal trends observed in humidity and near-surface temperature at Dome C (2005–2017) reflect the multidecadal variability of the atmosphere, and are not indicative of long-term trends that may be related to global climate change.  
  Programme 910  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2073-4433 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7838  
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Author Winton V.H.L., Ming A., Caillon N., Hauge L. Jones A.E., Savarino J., Yang X., Frey M.M. file  doi
openurl 
  Title Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 9 Pages 5861–5885  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The nitrogen stable isotopic composition in nitrate (δ15N-NO−3) measured in ice cores from low-snow-accumulation regions in East Antarctica has the potential to provide constraints on past ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thereby total column ozone (TCO) due to the sensitivity of nitrate (NO−3) photolysis to UV radiation. However, understanding the transfer of reactive nitrogen at the air–snow interface in polar regions is paramount for the interpretation of ice core records of δ15N-NO−3 and NO−3 mass concentrations. As NO−3 undergoes a number of post-depositional processes before it is archived in ice cores, site-specific observations of δ15N-NO−3 and air–snow transfer modelling are necessary to understand and quantify the complex photochemical processes at play. As part of the Isotopic Constraints on Past Ozone Layer Thickness in Polar Ice (ISOL-ICE) project, we report new measurements of NO−3 mass concentration and δ15N-NO−3 in the atmosphere, skin layer (operationally defined as the top 5 mm of the snowpack), and snow pit depth profiles at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. We compare the results to previous studies and new data, presented here, from Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau. Additionally, we apply the conceptual 1D model of TRansfer of Atmospheric Nitrate Stable Isotopes To the Snow (TRANSITS) to assess the impact of NO−3 recycling on δ15N-NO−3 and NO−3 mass concentrations archived in snow and firn. We find clear evidence of NO−3 photolysis at DML and confirmation of previous theoretical, field, and laboratory studies that UV photolysis is driving NO−3 recycling and redistribution at DML. Firstly, strong denitrification of the snowpack is observed through the δ15N-NO−3 signature, which evolves from the enriched snowpack (−3 ‰ to 100 ‰), to the skin layer (−20 ‰ to 3 ‰), to the depleted atmosphere (−50 ‰ to −20 ‰), corresponding to mass loss of NO−3 from the snowpack. Based on the TRANSITS model, we find that NO−3 is recycled two times, on average, before it is archived in the snowpack below 15 cm and within 0.75 years (i.e. below the photic zone). Mean annual archived δ15N-NO−3 and NO−3 mass concentration values are 50 ‰ and 60 ng g−1, respectively, at the DML site. We report an e-folding depth (light attenuation) of 2–5 cm for the DML site, which is considerably lower than Dome C. A reduced photolytic loss of NO−3 at DML results in less enrichment of δ15N-NO−3 than at Dome C mainly due to the shallower e-folding depth but also due to the higher snow accumulation rate based on TRANSITS-modelled sensitivities. Even at a relatively low snow accumulation rate of 6 cm yr−1 (water equivalent; w.e.), the snow accumulation rate at DML is great enough to preserve the seasonal cycle of NO−3 mass concentration and δ15N-NO−3, in contrast to Dome C where the depth profiles are smoothed due to longer exposure of surface snow layers to incoming UV radiation before burial. TRANSITS sensitivity analysis of δ15N-NO−3 at DML highlights that the dominant factors controlling the archived δ15N-NO−3 signature are the e-folding depth and snow accumulation rate, with a smaller role from changes in the snowfall timing and TCO. Mean TRANSITS model sensitivities of archived δ15N-NO−3 at the DML site are 100 ‰ for an e-folding depth change of 8 cm, 110 ‰ for an annual snow accumulation rate change of 8.5 cm yr−1 w.e., 10 ‰ for a change in the dominant snow deposition season between winter and summer, and 10 ‰ for a TCO change of 100 DU (Dobson units). Here we set the framework for the interpretation of a 1000-year ice core record of δ15N-NO−3 from DML. Ice core δ15N-NO−3 records at DML will be less sensitive to changes in UV than at Dome C; however the higher snow accumulation rate and more accurate dating at DML allows for higher-resolution δ15N-NO−3 records.  
  Programme 1177  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1680-7316 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7855  
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Author Alison Ming, V. Holly L. Winton, James Keeble, Nathan L. Abraham, Mohit C. Dalvi, Paul Griffiths, Nicolas Caillon, Anna E. Jones, Robert Mulvaney, Joël Savarino, Markus M. Frey, Xin Yang doi  openurl
  Title Stratospheric Ozone Changes From Explosive Tropical Volcanoes: Modeling and Ice Core Constraints Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of geophysical research: atmospheres Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 125 Issue 11 Pages e2019JD032290  
  Keywords Antarctica chemistry-climate modeling isotopes in ice cores ozone Samalas volcanic eruption  
  Abstract Major tropical volcanic eruptions have emitted large quantities of stratospheric sulfate and are potential sources of stratospheric chlorine although this is less well constrained by observations. This study combines model and ice core analysis to investigate past changes in total column ozone. Historic eruptions are good analogs for future eruptions as stratospheric chlorine levels have been decreasing since the year 2000. We perturb the preindustrial atmosphere of a chemistry-climate model with high and low emissions of sulfate and chlorine. The sign of the resulting Antarctic ozone change is highly sensitive to the background stratospheric chlorine loading. In the first year, the response is dynamical, with ozone increases over Antarctica. In the high HCl (2 Tg emission) experiment, the injected chlorine is slowly transported to the polar regions with subsequent chemical ozone depletion. These model results are then compared to measurements of the stable nitrogen isotopic ratio, , from a low snow accumulation Antarctic ice core from Dronning Maud Land (recovered in 2016–2017). We expect ozone depletion to lead to increased surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation, enhanced air-snow nitrate photochemistry and enrichment in in the ice core. We focus on the possible ozone depletion event that followed the largest volcanic eruption in the past 1,000 years, Samalas in 1257. The characteristic sulfate signal from this volcano is present in the ice core but the variability in dominates any signal arising from changes in ultraviolet from ozone depletion. Prolonged complete ozone removal following this eruption is unlikely to have occurred over Antarctica.  
  Programme 1177  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2169-8996 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7856  
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Author Weisen Shen, Douglas A. Wiens, Andrew J. Lloyd, Andrew A. Nyblade doi  openurl
  Title A Geothermal Heat Flux Map of Antarctica Empirically Constrained by Seismic Structure Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Geophysical Research Letters Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 47 Issue 14 Pages e2020GL086955  
  Keywords Antarctica crust and uppermost mantle geothermal heat flux ice sheet modeling  
  Abstract The geothermal heat flux (GHF) is an important boundary condition for modeling the movement of the Antarctic ice sheet but is difficult to measure systematically at a continental scale. Earlier GHF maps suffer from low resolution and possibly biased assumptions in tectonism and crustal heat generation, resulting in significant uncertainty. We present a new GHF map for Antarctica constructed by empirically relating the upper mantle structure to known GHF in the continental United States. The new map, compared with previously seismologically determined one, has improved resolution and lower uncertainties. New features in this map include high GHF in the southern Transantarctic Mountains where warmer uppermost mantle is introduced by lithospheric removal and in the Thwaites Glacier region. Additionally, a modest GHF in the central West Antarctic Rift system near the Siple Coast and an absence of large-scale regions with GHF greater than 90 mW/m2 are found.  
  Programme 133  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1944-8007 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7887  
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Author J. Díaz, M. Ruiz, J. J. Curto, J. M. Torta, J. Ledo, A. Marcuello, P. Queralt doi  openurl
  Title On the observation of magnetic events on broad-band seismometers Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Earth, planets and space Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 109  
  Keywords Anthropogenic sources of magnetic noise Seismic instrumentation Sudden Storm Commencements  
  Abstract The objective of this contribution is to get new insights into the effects of magnetic field variations of natural and anthropogenic origin on broad-band seismic stations. Regarding natural sources of magnetic perturbations, we have investigated if the Sudden Storm Commencements (SSC) cataloged during the 24th solar cycle (2008–2019) can be systematically identified in broad-band seismic stations distributed worldwide. The results show that the 23 SSC events with a mean amplitude above 30 nT and most of those with lower energy but still clearly identified in the magnetometer detection network can be observed at broad-band stations’ network using a simple low-pass filter. Although the preliminary impulse of those signals is usually stronger at stations located at high latitudes, major SSC are observed at seismic stations distributed worldwide. Regarding anthropogenic sources, we focus on the short period seismic signals recorded in urban environments which are correlated with the activity of the railway transportation system. We have analyzed collocated measurements of electric field and seismic signals within Barcelona, evidencing that significant changes in the electric field following the activity of the transportation systems can be attributed to leakage currents transmitted to the soil by trains. During space weather events, electric currents in the magnetosphere and ionosphere experience large variations inducing telluric currents near the Earth surface, which in turn generate a secondary magnetic field. In the case of underground trains, leakage currents are transmitted to the soil, which in turn can result in local variations in the magnetic field. The observed signals in modern seismometers can be related to the reaction of the suspension springs to these magnetic field variations or to the effect of the magnetic field variations on the force transducers used to keep the mass fixed.  
  Programme 133  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1880-5981 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7888  
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Author Alexey Lyubushin doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Global Seismic Noise Entropy Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Earth Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 558  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Data of continuous records of low-frequency (periods from 2 to 1,000 min) seismic noise on a global network of 229 broadband stations located around the world for 23 years, 1997–2019, are analyzed. The daily values of the entropy of the distribution of the squares of the orthogonal wavelet coefficients are considered as an informative characteristic of noise. An auxiliary network of 50 reference points is introduced, the positions of which are determined from the clustering of station positions. For each reference point, a time series is calculated, consisting of 8,400 samples with a time step of 1 day, the values of which are determined as the medians of the entropy values at the five nearest stations that are operable during the given day. The introduction of a system of reference points makes it possible to estimate temporal and spatial changes in the correlation of noise entropy values around the world. Estimation in an annual sliding time window revealed a time interval from mid-2002 to mid-2003, when there was an abrupt change in the properties of global noise and an intensive increase in both average entropy correlations and spatial correlation scales began. This trend continues until the end of 2019, and it is interpreted as a feature of seismic noise which is connected with an increase in the intensity of the strongest earthquakes, which began with the Sumatran mega-earthquake of December 26, 2004 (M = 9.3). The values of the correlation function between the logarithm of the released seismic energy and the bursts of coherence between length of day and the entropy of seismic noise in the annual time window indicate the delay in the release of seismic energy relative to the coherence maxima. This lag is interpreted as a manifestation of the triggering effect of the irregular rotation of the Earth on the increase in global seismic hazard.  
  Programme 133  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-6463 ISBN 2296-6463 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7889  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Catalina Morales-Yáñez, Zacharie Duputel, Luis Rivera doi  openurl
  Title Impact of 3-D Earth structure on W-phase CMT parameters Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Geophysical Journal International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 223 Issue 2 Pages 1432-1445  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We investigate the impact of unmodelled 3-D structural heterogeneity on inverted W-phase source parameters. We generate a large data set of synthetic seismograms accounting for the Earths 3-D structure for 250 earthquakes globally distributed. The W-phase algorithm is then used to invert for earthquake CMT parameters, assuming a spherical Earth model. The impact of lateral heterogeneity is assessed by comparing inverted source parameters with those used to compute the 3-D synthetics. Results show that the 3-D structure mainly affects centroid location while the effect on the other source parameters remains small. Centroid mislocations present clear geographical patterns. In particular, W-phase solutions for earthquakes in South America are on average biased 17 km to the east of the actual centroid locations. This effect is significantly reduced using an azimuthally well balanced distribution of seismological stations. Source parameters are generally more impacted by mantle heterogeneity while the scalar moment of shallow earthquakes seems to be mainly impacted by the crustal structure. Shallow earthquakes present a variability of Mrθ and Mrϕ moment tensor elements, resulting both from the small amplitude and a larger uncertainty of the associated Green’s functions.  
  Programme 133  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0956-540X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7890  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author E. Crubezy, O. Melnichuk, A. Alexeev file  doi
openurl 
  Title Archaelogy, genetics and history 15 years of research in Yakutia (2002–2017) Type (up) Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue 4 (51) Pages 110-119  
  Keywords  
  Abstract For the past 15 years, our research has focused on the evolution of the first Yakut populations, their interaction with local tribes as well as with the Russian population, which marks the beginning of Yakutia's development from the first half of the 17th century. We conducted the excavation of tombs and we analysed the cultural, historical and paleogenetic data uncovered. A review and a synthesis of the main results published in articles and monographs informs our research directions for the future.  
  Programme 1038  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1811-7465 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7936  
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