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Author |
Henri Weimerskirch, Julien Collet, Alexandre Corbeau, Adrien Pajot, Floran Hoarau, Cédric Marteau, Dominique Filippi, Samantha C. Patrick |
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Title |
Ocean sentinel albatrosses locate illegal vessels and provide the first estimate of the extent of nondeclared fishing |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
3006-3014 |
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Keywords |
bio-logging conservation illegal fisheries seabird vessel attraction |
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Abstract |
With threats to nature becoming increasingly prominent, in order for biodiversity levels to persist, there is a critical need to improve implementation of conservation measures. In the oceans, the surveillance of fisheries is complex and inadequate, such that quantifying and locating nondeclared and illegal fisheries is persistently problematic. Given that these activities dramatically impact oceanic ecosystems, through overexploitation of fish stocks and bycatch of threatened species, innovative ways to monitor the oceans are urgently required. Here, we describe a concept of “Ocean Sentinel” using animals equipped with state-of-the-art loggers which monitor fisheries in remote areas. Albatrosses fitted with loggers detecting and locating the presence of vessels and transmitting the information immediately to authorities allowed an estimation of the proportion of nondeclared fishing vessels operating in national and international waters of the Southern Ocean. We found that in international waters, more than one-third of vessels had no Automatic Identification System operating; in national Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), this proportion was lower on average, but variable according to EEZ. Ocean Sentinel was also able to provide unpreceded information on the attraction of seabirds to vessels, giving access to crucial information for risk-assessment plans of threatened species. Attraction differed between species, age, and vessel activity. Fishing vessels attracted more birds than other vessels, and juveniles both encountered fewer vessels and showed a lower attraction to vessels than adults. This study shows that the development of technologies offers the potential of implementing conservation policies by using wide-ranging seabirds to patrol oceans. |
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109 |
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0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
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yes |
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7684 |
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Author |
Zhiyong Xie, Zhen Wang, Olivier Magand, Alban Thollot, Ralf Ebinghaus, Wenying Mi, Aurelien Dommergue |
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Title |
Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
741 |
Issue |
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Pages |
140200 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Organophosphate esters PAH PFAS Snow |
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Abstract |
Concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 16 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface snow samples collected at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau in summer 2016. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP) were the dominant compounds of OPEs, with mean concentrations of 8157 ± 4860, 1128 ± 928 and 1232 ± 1147 pg/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, mean: 358 ± 71 pg/L) was the dominant compound of PFASs, and following by perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA, mean: 222 ± 97 pg/L), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA, 183 ± 60 pg/L) and perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA, 175 ± 105 pg/L). 2-(Heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA, mean: 9.2 ± 2.6 pg/L) was determined in the Antarctic for the first time. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HFPO-DA and the short-chain PFASs, implying they have similar emission sources and long-range transport potential. High levels of 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, as well as the ratios of PAH congeners indicated PAHs were attributable mostly to combustion origin. Occurrence and profiles of the indicators of OPEs, PFASs and PAHs, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis provided direct evidences of human activities on Concordia station and posed obvious impacts on local environments in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, the exchange processes among different environmental matrices may drive the long-range transport and redistribution of the legacy and emerging Organic contaminants from coast to inland in the Antarctic. |
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1028 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7685 |
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Tuomas Kankaanpää, Eero Vesterinen, Bess Hardwick, Niels M. Schmidt, Tommi Andersson, Paul E. Aspholm, Isabel C. Barrio, Niklas Beckers, Joël Bêty, Tone Birkemoe, Melissa DeSiervo, Katherine H. I. Drotos, Dorothee Ehrich, Olivier Gilg, Vladimir Gilg, Nils Hein, Toke T. Høye, Kristian M. Jakobsen, Camille Jodouin, Jesse Jorna, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Jean-Claude Kresse, Don-Jean Leandri-Breton, Nicolas Lecomte, Maarten Loonen, Philipp Marr, Spencer K. Monckton, Maia Olsen, Josée-Anne Otis, Michelle Pyle, Ruben E. Roos, Katrine Raundrup, Daria Rozhkova, Brigitte Sabard, Aleksandr Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Anna M. Solecki, Christine Urbanowicz, Catherine Villeneuve, Evgenya Vyguzova, Vitali Zverev, Tomas Roslin |
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Title |
Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
6276-6295 |
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Keywords |
Arctic climate change DNA barcoding Dryas food webs functional traits host–parasitoid interactions insect herbivory pollinators |
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Abstract |
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts—as being less fine-tuned to host development—to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1365-2486 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7686 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Stefano Santini, Michele Dragoni |
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Title |
Moment rate of the 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
298 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106336 |
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Keywords |
Asperity models Fault mechanics Nonlinear dynamical systems Seismic moment rates Theoretical seismology |
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Abstract |
The 2018 Gulf of Alaska earthquake (Mw 7.9) occurred in a region of the Pacific plate southwest of the Alaskan subduction zone. The earthquake was a strike-slip event, with the hypocenter located at a depth of about 25 km and a seismic moment equal to 0.96 × 1021 Nm. Two observed moment rates have been obtained by the Geoscope Observatory, France, and by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). Both of them can be interpreted as due to the failure of two asperities on the fault surface. We consider a discrete fault model, with two asperities of different areas and strengths, and show that the observed moment rates can be reproduced by appropriate values of the model parameters, as inferred from the available data. A good fit to the observed moment rates is obtained by a sequence of three dynamic modes of the system, including a phase of simultaneous slip of the asperities. The two moment rates are however characterized by different initial conditions, in terms of different initial shear stress distributions on the fault. Shear stresses on the asperities are calculated as functions of time during the event and show a similar evolution in the two cases, but with different final values. The model results show that the presence of simultaneous asperity motion can significantly increase the seismic moment of a large earthquake. |
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Programme |
133 |
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0031-9201 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7687 |
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Author |
Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Ghislain Picard, Giovanni Macelloni, Arnaud Mialon, Yann H. Kerr |
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Title |
Melt in Antarctica derived from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations at L band |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
539-548 |
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Abstract |
Melt occurrence in Antarctica is derived from L-band observations from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite between the austral summer 2010–2011 and 2017–2018. The detection algorithm is adapted from a threshold method previously developed for 19 GHz passive microwave measurements from the special sensor microwave imager (SSM/I) and special sensor microwave imager sounder (SSMIS). The comparison of daily melt occurrence retrieved from 1.4 and 19 GHz observations shows an overall close agreement, but a lag of few days is usually observed by SMOS at the beginning of the melt season. To understand the difference, a theoretical analysis is performed using a microwave emission radiative transfer model. It shows that the sensitivity of 1.4 GHz signal to liquid water is significantly weaker than at 19 GHz if the water is only present in the uppermost tens of centimetres of the snowpack. Conversely, 1.4 GHz measurements are sensitive to water when spread over at least 1 m and when present in depths up to hundreds of metres. This is explained by the large penetration depth in dry snow and by the long wavelength (21 cm). We conclude that SMOS and higher-frequency radiometers provide interesting complementary information on melt occurrence and on the location of the water in the snowpack. |
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Programme |
1110 |
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ISSN |
1994-0416 |
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yes |
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7689 |
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Jeroen Reneerkens, Tom S. L. Versluijs, Theunis Piersma, José A. Alves, Mark Boorman, Colin Corse, Olivier Gilg, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Johannes Lang, Bob Loos, Yaa Ntiamoa‐Baidu, Alfred A. Nuoh, Peter M. Potts, Job ten Horn, Tamar Lok |
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Title |
Low fitness at low latitudes: Wintering in the tropics increases migratory delays and mortality rates in an Arctic breeding shorebird |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
691-703 |
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Keywords |
demography fitness migration nutrient storage strategies site fidelity solar geolocation survival timing |
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Abstract |
Evolutionary theories of seasonal migration generally assume that the costs of longer migrations are balanced by benefits at the non-breeding destinations. We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring migration for High Arctic breeding sanderling Calidris alba using six and eight winter destinations between 55°N and 25°S, respectively. Annual apparent survival was considerably lower for adult birds wintering in tropical West Africa (Mauritania: 0.74 and Ghana: 0.75) than in three European sites (0.84, 0.84 and 0.87) and in subtropical Namibia (0.85). Moreover, compared with adults, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in Europe, often refrained from migrating north during the first possible breeding season. During northward migration, tropical-wintering sanderlings occurred at their final staging site in Iceland 5–15 days later than birds wintering further north or south. Namibia-wintering sanderlings tracked with solar geolocators only staged in West Africa during southward migration. The low annual survival, the later age of first northward migration and the later passage through Iceland during northward migration of tropical-wintering sanderlings, in addition to the skipping of this area during northward but not southward migration by Namibia-wintering sanderlings, all suggest they face issues during the late non-breeding season in West Africa. Migrating sanderlings defy long distances but may end up in winter areas with poor fitness prospects. We suggest that ecological conditions in tropical West Africa make the fuelling prior to northward departure problematic. |
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Programme |
1036 |
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ISSN |
1365-2656 |
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yes |
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7690 |
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Encelyn Voisine, Yann Rolland, Matthias Bernet, Julien Carcaillet, Guillaume Duclaux, Jérôme Bascou, Christian Sue, Mélanie Balvay, René-Pierre Ménot |
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Title |
Antarctic erosion history reconstructed by Terre Adélie moraine geochronology |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
1-14 |
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Keywords |
cosmogenic nuclide dating deglaciation exhumation fission-track dating Late Palaeozoic Ice Age subglacial incision |
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Abstract |
We report apatite fission-track and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) dating of 14 moraine boulders originating from inland Terre Adélie, East Antarctica. These data show cooling of the Proterozoic Terre Adélie craton at < ~120°C between 350 and 300 Ma, suggesting > 4 km temperate glacial erosion during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, followed by nearly null Mesozoic erosion and low glacial erosion (< 2 km) in the Cenozoic. Based on glacial flux maps, the origin of the boulders may be located ~400 km upstream. Preliminary TCN (10Be) datings of moraine boulders cluster within the last 30 ka. Cosmogenic ages from the Lacroix Nunatak suggest a main deglaciation after the Younger Dryas at c. 10 ka, while those of Cap Prud'homme mostly cluster at 0.6 ka, in agreement with an exhumation of boulders during the Little Ice Age. |
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1003 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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yes |
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7692 |
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Author |
Eugénie Tessier, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
Behavioural adjustments during foraging in two diving seabirds: king and macaroni penguins |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
167 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
138 |
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Abstract |
Optimal foraging theory predicts that diving predators should maximise their energy intake while minimizing the costs of their foraging activities at depth. This hypothesis was tested in two breath-hold divers that foraged in the pelagic waters off Kerguelen Island, southern Indian Ocean. Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) feed predominately on crustaceans at moderate depths (ca. 50 m), while king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) feed on mesopelagic fish at deep depths (ca. 100–150 m). We instrumented 22 penguins with time-depth recorders during the breeding season of the 2014 southern summer, just before they went to sea. Birds were recaptured after one to five foraging trips and the dive data were analysed on the level of single dive cycles and entire dive bouts. Both species adjusted their diving behaviour and modulated their foraging activity in accordance with their experience in their previous dives. Foraging activity during a dive (in terms of number of wiggles per dive) was greater if birds targeted the same depth as the previous dive. The penguins spent less time at the surface between two prey capture attempt dives than when a prey capture attempt dive was preceded by a non-prey capture attempt dive. Dive bout analyses showed that foraging activity increased with bout duration, while transit time during dives decreased with bout duration. Our findings are in general agreement with predictions based on optimal foraging models. The results suggest that penguins anticipated the depth of their next dive based on their encounter of a prey patch in the previous dive and optimized their chances of feeding success by spending minimal time at the surface and in transit to the patch depth. Once penguins detected a prey patch, these behavioural adjustments allowed them to rapidly return to that patch, increasing their chances of feeding again before the prey disperses. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1432-1793 |
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yes |
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7737 |
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Author |
Téchiné P., G. Alory, L. Testut, L'us-imago Brest &Amp; Nouméa Et La Dt/insu Brest. |
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Title |
ROSAME / SSS – Gestion d'observations océanographiques |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journées Développement Logiciel (JDEV), 6-10 juillet 2020, visioconférence |
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688 |
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yes |
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7746 |
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Author |
Duc Marine |
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Title |
Déclencher par la mise à distance ? Saisir l'expérience de la salle de classe par le story telling, politique des petites histoires et retour critique sur une initiative méthodologique |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Colloque “l’éducation en situation migratoire”, 12-13 novembre 2020, Suresnes |
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Abstract |
Nb: Postponed Due To Covid Crisis |
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1213 |
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| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
7749 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
