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Vincent Zvénigorosky, Audrey Sabbagh, Angéla Gonzalez, Jean-Luc Fausser, Friso Palstra, Georgii Romanov, Aisen Solovyev, Nikolay Barashkov, Sardana Fedorova, Éric Crubézy, Bertrand Ludes, Christine Keyser |
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The limitations of kinship determinations using STR data in ill-defined populations |
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2020 |
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International Journal of Legal Medicine |
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134 |
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6 |
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1981-1990 |
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Abstract |
The likelihood ratio (LR) method is commonly used to determine kinship in civil, criminal, or forensic cases. For the past 15 years, our research group has also applied LR to ancient STR data and obtained kinship results for collections of graves or necropolises. Although we were able to reconstruct large genealogies, some pairs of individuals showed ambiguous results. Second-degree relationships, half-sibling pairs for example, were often inconsistent with detected first-degree relationships, such as parent/child or brother/sister pairs. We therefore set about providing empirical estimations of the error rates for the LR method in living populations with STR allelic diversities comparable to that of the ancient populations we had previously studied. We collected biological samples in the field in North-Eastern Siberia and West Africa and studied more than 800 pairs of STR profiles from individuals with known relationships. Because commercial STR panels were constructed for specific regions (namely Europe and North America), their allelic makeup showed a significant deficit in diversity when compared to European populations, replicating a situation often faced in ancient DNA studies. We assessed the capacity of the LR method to confirm known relationships (effectiveness) and its capacity to detect those relationships (reliability). Concerns over the effectiveness of LR determinations are mostly an issue in forensic studies, while the reliability of the detection of kinship is an issue for the study of necropolises or other large gatherings of unidentified individuals, such as disaster victims or mass graves. We show that the application of LR to both test populations highlights specific issues (both false positives and false negatives) that prevent the confirmation of second-degree kinship or even full siblingship in small populations. Up to 29% of detected full sibling relationships were either overestimated half-sibling relationships or underestimated parent-offspring relationships. The error rate for detected half-sibling relationships was even higher, reaching 41%. Only parent-offspring pairs were reliably detected or confirmed. This implies that, in populations that are small, ill-defined, or for which the STR loci analyzed are inappropriate, an examiner might not be able to distinguish a pair of full siblings from a pair of half-siblings. Furthermore, half-sibling pairs might be overlooked altogether, an issue that is exacerbated by the common confusion, in many languages and cultures, between half-siblings and full siblings. Consequently, in the study of ancient populations, human remains of unknown origins, or poorly surveyed modern populations, we recommend a conservative approach to kinship determined by LR. Next-generation sequencing data should be used when possible, but the costs and technology involved might be prohibitive. Therefore, in potentially contentious situations or cases lacking sufficient external information, uniparental markers should be analyzed: ideally, complete mitochondrial genomes and Y-chromosome haplotypes (STR, SNP, and/or sequencing). |
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1038 |
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1437-1596 |
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8059 |
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Hochstrasser-Petit Ch., Romanova L., Duchesne S., Melnichuk O., Gérard P. |
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Title |
Yakut clothes of the 17th and 18th centuries, archaeology and restitution. |
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2020 |
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Vest. archeol. anthropol. i etnogr |
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4 |
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131-147 |
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40 Frozen Yakutian Graves, From The 17th To The 19th Century Allow The Reconstitution Of Clothes. At The End Of the 17th Century, New Fashions Are Emerging With The Ostentatious Use Of Imported Goods And The Influences Of russian Noble Circles And Chinese And/or Mongol And/or Buriat Fashions. The Garment Does Not Only Seem To Be any More An Element Of Protection Against The Cold And A Utilitarian Object But Becomes A Way To Marking The Socialization of The Individual. |
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1038 |
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8058 |
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Herlédan M., Delattre M., Masson E., Régnier S., Armynot Du Châtelet E. |
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Title |
Les environnements des Kerguelen : étude des amibes à thèque et des caractéristiques géochimiques |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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1200 |
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8054 |
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Dupuis E., Sultan E. |
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Title |
HABIT-ANT ? Habiter – et être habité par – l’Antarctique (IPEV 1237) |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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1237 |
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8053 |
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Blain S., Obernosterer I., Guéneuguès A., Crispi O., Catala P., Caquineau S. |
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Iron of glacial origin at Kerguelen. Geochemical and bioavialablity characterizations |
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2020 |
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Iron of glacial origin at kerguelen. geochemical and bioavialablity characterizations |
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1184 |
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8052 |
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Vauglin I. |
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ASTEP et ASTEP+, les exoplanètes depuis Concordia |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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1066 |
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8051 |
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Van Tilbeurgh V., Joliet F., Atlan A. |
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Title |
La valeur d’existence du vivant dans le subpolaire |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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136 |
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8050 |
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Author |
Baltzer, A.; Robert, L.; Roussel, O. |
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Title |
Des images pour témoigner du réchauffement climatique au Spitsberg |
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Communication |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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1223 |
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8049 |
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Viblanc V.A., Schull Q.; Stier A., Durand L., Lefol E., Robin J.-P., Zahn S., Bize P., Criscuolo F |
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Title |
Foster rather than biological parental telomere length predicts offspring survival and telomere length in king penguins |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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Because Telomere Length (Tl) And Dynamics Relate To Growth, Reproductive Investment And Survival, Telomeres Might Be Markers Of Individual Quality. In The King Penguin, We Tested The Hypothesis That Parental Tl Can Be A Marker Of Parental Quality. We Swapped The Egg Of Breeding Pairs To Disentangle The Contribution Of Pre And/or Post -Laying Parental Quality On Chick’s Growth, Tl And Survival. Parental Quality Was Estimated Through The Effects Of Biological And Foster Parent Tl On Offspring Traits, 10 Or 105 Days After Hatching. We Show That Chick Survival Up To 10 Days Was Negatively Related To Biological Fathers’ Tl Whereas Survival Up To 105 Days Was Positively Related To Foster Fathers’ Tl. Chick Growth Was Not Related To Parents’ Tl. Chick Tl Was Positively Related To Foster Mothers’ Tl At Both 10 And 105 Days. Overall, We Show That, In A Species With Bi-parental Care, Parents’ Tl Is Foremost A Proxy Of Parental Care Quality, Supporting The Telomere &Ndash; Parental Quality Hypothesis. |
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119 |
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8048 |
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Chastel O |
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Des polluants préoccupants : Les substances poly et perfluoroalkylées (PFAS) et leurs effets sur les oiseaux marins polaires |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, 22-23 septembre 2020, La Rochelle, France |
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330 |
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8047 |
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