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Author |
Varlamov A., Keptuke G., Lavrillier A. |
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Title |
Electronic Devices for Safeguarding Indigenous Languages and Cultures (Eastern Siberia) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Routledge Handbook of Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic |
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Pages |
58-75 |
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1127 |
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978036722039-6 |
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yes |
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8346 |
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Author |
Maxime Pineaux, Thomas Merkling, Etienne Danchin, Scott Hatch, David Duneau, Pierrick Blanchard, Sarah Leclaire |
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Title |
Sex and hatching order modulate the association between MHC-II diversity and fitness in early-life stages of a wild seabird |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Molecular Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
3316-3329 |
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Keywords |
divergent allele advantage fitness heterozygote advantage immunity Ixodes uriae parasite-mediated selection |
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Abstract |
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a pivotal role in parasite resistance, and their allelic diversity has been associated with fitness variations in several taxa. However, studies report inconsistencies in the direction of this association, with either positive, quadratic or no association being described. These discrepancies may arise because the fitness costs and benefits of MHC diversity differ among individuals depending on their exposure and immune responses to parasites. Here, we investigated in black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) chicks whether associations between MHC class-II diversity and fitness vary with sex and hatching order. MHC-II diversity was positively associated with growth and tick clearance in female chicks, but not in male chicks. Our data also revealed a positive association between MHC-II diversity and survival in second-hatched female chicks (two eggs being the typical clutch size). These findings may result from condition-dependent parasite infections differentially impacting sexes in relation to hatching order. We thus suggest that it may be important to account for individual heterogeneities in traits that potentially exert selective pressures on MHC diversity in order to properly predict MHC–fitness associations. |
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1162 |
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ISSN |
1365-294X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8311 |
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Author |
Alexander Winterl, Sebastian Richter, Aymeric Houstin, Anna P. Nesterova, Francesco Bonadonna, Werner Schneider, Ben Fabry, Céline Le Bohec, Daniel P. Zitterbart |
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Title |
micrObs – A customizable time-lapse camera for ecological studies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
HardwareX |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
e00134 |
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Keywords |
Automated camera system Collective behavior Ecology Image processing Remote sensing Wildlife monitoring |
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Abstract |
Camera traps for motion-triggered or continuous time-lapse recordings are readily available on the market. For demanding applications in ecology and environmental sciences, however, commercial systems often lack flexibility to freely adjust recording time intervals, suffer from mechanical component wear, and can be difficult to combine with auxiliary sensors such as GPS, weather stations, or light sensors. We present a robust time-lapse camera system that has been operating continuously since 2013 under the harsh climatic conditions of the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Thus far, we have recorded over one million images with individual cameras. The system consumes 122 mW of power in standby mode and captures up to 200,000 high-resolution (16 MPix) images without maintenance such as battery or image memory replacement. It offers time-lapse intervals between 2 s and 1 h, low-light or night-time power saving, and data logging capabilities for additional inputs such as GPS and weather data. |
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137 |
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ISBN |
2468-0672 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8302 |
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Author |
L. T. Ellis, M. Kh. Alikhadzhiev, R. S. Erzhapova, H. H. Blom, H. Bednarek-Ochyra, M. Burghardt, M. J. Cano, I. V. Czernyadjeva, E. Yu. Kuzmina, A. D. Potemkin, G. Ya. Doroshina, D. Dagnino, C. Turcato, L. Minuto, P. Drapela, M. V. Dulin, E. Fuertes, A. Graulich, K. Hassel, L. Hedenäs, T. H. Hofton, T. Høitomt, I. Jukonienė, M. Kırmacı, N. E. Koroleva, Ł. Krajewski, M. Kropik, H. Kürschner, E. V. Kushnevskaya, J. Larraín, M. Lebouvier, A. I. Maksimov, O. Yu. Pisarenko, V. Plášek, Z. Skoupá, S. Yu. Popov, V. E. Fedosov, M. Puglisi, A. Stebel, S. Ştefănut, G. Vončina, M. Wierzgoń, S.-L. Guo |
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Title |
New national and regional bryophyte records, 64 |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Bryology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
42 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
393-412 |
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Programme |
136 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0373-6687 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8300 |
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Author |
Najat Bhiry, Dominique Marguerie, Tommy Weetaluktuk, Pierre M. Desrosiers, Dominique Todisco, Myosotis Desroches Bourgon, David Aoustin |
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Title |
Dorset and Thule Inuit occupations of Qikirtajuaq (Smith Island), Nunavik, Canada: a palaeoecological approach |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Boreas |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
826-843 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Qikirtajuaq is a long island facing the Inuit village of Akulivik on the northeastern coast of Hudson Bay (Canada) that is rich in archaeological sites. Kangiakallak-1 (JeGn-2), one of the main sites on this island, is a large multicomponent site that includes Dorset and Thule Inuit winter houses. This study documents the dynamics of palaeoenvironmental conditions in the successive occupations of the Kangiakallak-1 settlement based on plant macrofossils, pollen and non-pollen palynomorph analyses and archaeological research. The data indicate that Dorset inhabitants constructed their dwelling at about 772 cal. a BP. The site was reused by the Thule Inuit a few decades later, starting at about 671 cal. a BP. Thus, Kangiakallak-1 is one of the few sites, at least in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada), that were rapidly reoccupied by the Thule Inuit after the departure of the Dorset inhabitants, which indicates a possible overlap between the two cultures in the Akulivik region. The palaeoecological data show that both Dorset and Thule inhabitants left clear footprints at the local scale in the form of several nitrophilous species that became established in and near the houses and persisted over a long period. The deposition of domestic waste (including bone fragments, skin, burnt fat and charcoal fragments) inside the subterranean dwellings fertilized the soil and led to the growth of unique nitrophilous plants. These changes transformed the houses into exceptional floristic refuges. |
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Programme |
1080 |
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ISSN |
1502-3885 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8292 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Agnès Lewden, Batshéva Bonnet, Andreas Nord |
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Title |
The metabolic cost of subcutaneous and abdominal rewarming in king penguins after long-term immersion in cold water |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Thermal Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102638 |
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Keywords |
Metabolism Normothermia Rewarming Subcutaneous temperature |
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Abstract |
Marine endotherms in the polar regions face a formidable thermal challenge when swimming in cold water. Hence, they use morphological (fat, blubber) adjustment and peripheral vasoconstriction to reduce demands for heat production in water. The animals then regain normothermia when resting ashore. In the king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) metabolic rate is lower in fed than in fasted individuals during subsequent rewarming on land. This has been suggested to be a consequence of diversion of blood flow to the splanchnic region in fed birds, which reduces peripheral temperatures. However, peripheral temperatures during recovery have never been investigated in birds with different nutritional status. The aim of this study was, therefore, to measure subcutaneous and abdominal temperatures during the rewarming phase on land in fasted and fed king penguins, and investigate to which extent any different rewarming were reflected in recovery metabolic rate (MRR) after long term immersion in cold water. We hypothesized that fed individuals would have a slower increase of subcutaneous temperatures compared to fasted penguins, and a correspondingly lower MRR. Subcutaneous tissues reached normothermia after 24.15 (back) and 21.36 min (flank), which was twice as fast as in the abdomen (46.82 min). However, recovery time was not affected by nutritional condition. MRR during global rewarming (4.56 ± 0.42 W kg−1) was twice as high as resting metabolic rate (RMR; 2.16 ± 0.59 W kg−1). However, MRR was not dependent on feeding status and was significantly elevated above RMR only until subcutaneous temperature had recovered. Contrary to our prediction, fed individuals did not reduce the subcutaneous circulation compared to fasted penguins and did not show any changes in MRR during subsequent recovery. It seems likely that lower metabolic rate in fed king penguins on land reported in other studies might not have been caused primarily by increased circulation to the visceral organs. |
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Programme |
394 |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0306-4565 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8271 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Léandre Ponthus, Michel de Saint Blanquat, Damien Guillaume, Marc Le Romancer, Norman Pearson, Suzanne O’Reilly, Michel Grégoire |
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Title |
Plutonic processes in transitional oceanic plateau crust: Structure, age and emplacement of the South Rallier du Baty laccolith, Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Terra Nova |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
408-414 |
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Keywords |
alkaline magmatism Kerguelen oceanic plateau pluton emplacement syenite intrusion |
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Abstract |
The syenitic rocks of South Rallier du Baty Intrusive Complex (SRBIC) represent intrusions into the oceanic plateau basalts of the south-western Kerguelen Islands. The SRBIC was previously interpreted as a typical ring complex due to magma emplacement with cauldron subsidence. Our new structural and geochronological data reveal that it is a laccolith built between 11.6 and 7.9 Ma by successive injections of magma sheets around the crust–mantle boundary, with an average injection rate between 0.8 and 1.4 × 10−4 km3/year. These results establish strong similarities between the SRBIC, the only recorded example of a felsic laccolith in an oceanic intraplate setting, and many continental plutons emplaced in various geodynamic setting. The SRBIC thus has the characteristics of a continental plutonic complex emplaced in an oceanic plateau crust. We postulate the critical parameter relevant to causing such similarities and plutonic magmatism is crustal thickness. |
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Programme |
444-1077 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1365-3121 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8270 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Eveline Pinseel, Steven B. Janssens, Elie Verleyen, Pieter Vanormelingen, Tyler J. Kohler, Elisabeth M. Biersma, Koen Sabbe, Bart Van de Vijver, Wim Vyverman |
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Title |
Global radiation in a rare biosphere soil diatom |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2382 |
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Keywords |
Biogeography Phylogenetics Speciation |
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Abstract |
Soil micro-organisms drive the global carbon and nutrient cycles that underlie essential ecosystem functions. Yet, we are only beginning to grasp the drivers of terrestrial microbial diversity and biogeography, which presents a substantial barrier to understanding community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. This is especially true for soil protists, which despite their functional significance have received comparatively less interest than their bacterial counterparts. Here, we investigate the diversification of Pinnularia borealis, a rare biosphere soil diatom species complex, using a global sampling of >800 strains. We document unprecedented high levels of species-diversity, reflecting a global radiation since the Eocene/Oligocene global cooling. Our analyses suggest diversification was largely driven by colonization of novel geographic areas and subsequent evolution in isolation. These results illuminate our understanding of how protist diversity, biogeographical patterns, and members of the rare biosphere are generated, and suggest allopatric speciation to be a powerful mechanism for diversification of micro-organisms. |
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Programme |
136,1167 |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8269 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Kévin Fourteau, Fabien Gillet-Chaulet, Patricia Martinerie, Xavier Faïn |
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Title |
A Micro-Mechanical Model for the Transformation of Dry Polar Firn Into Ice Using the Level-Set Method |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Interpretation of greenhouse gas records in polar ice cores requires a good understanding of the mechanisms controlling gas trapping in polar ice, and therefore of the processes of densification and pore closure in firn (compacted snow). Current firn densification models are based on a macroscopic description of the firn and rely on empirical laws and/or idealized geometries to obtain the equations governing the densification and pore closure. Here, we propose a physically-based methodology explicitly representing the porous structure and its evolution over time. In order to handle the complex geometry and topological changes that occur during firn densification, we rely on a Level-Set representation of the interface between the ice and the pores. Two mechanisms are considered for the displacement of the interface: (i) mass surface diffusion driven by local pore curvature and (ii) ice dislocation creep. For the latter, ice is modeled as a viscous material and the flow velocities are solutions of the Stokes equations. First applications show that the model is able to densify firn and split pores. Using the model in cold and arid conditions of the Antarctic plateau, we show that gas trapping models do not have to consider the reduced compressibility of closed pores compared to open pores in the deepest part of firns. Our results also suggest that the mechanism of curvature-driven surface diffusion does not result in pore splitting, and that ice creep has to be taken into account for pores to close. Future applications of this type of model could help quantify the evolution and closure of firn porous networks for various accumulation and temperature conditions. |
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Programme |
1153 |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-6463 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8268 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Brigitte Van Vliet-Lanoë, Oskar Knudsen, Agust Guðmundsson, Hervé Guillou, Gilles Chazot, Jessica Langlade, Céline Liorzou, Philippe Nonnotte |
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Title |
Volcanoes and climate: the triggering of preboreal Jökulhlaups in Iceland |
Type |
Journal |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
International Journal of Earth Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
109 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
847-876 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The Early Holocene (12–8.2 cal ka) deglaciation and pulsed warming was associated in Iceland with two major generations of jökulhlaups around the Vatna ice-cap (Vatnajökull), at ca 11.4–11.2 cal ka and ca 10.4–9.9 cal ka, and major tephra emissions from the Grímsvötn and Bárðarbunga subglacial volcanoes. The earliest flood events were recorded inland during the Middle Younger Dryas and their deposits were overlain by the Early Preboreal Vedde Ash (11.8 cal ka). The first Holocene flood events (ca 11.4–11.2 cal ka) are issued from a glacial advance. The second, and major, set of floods was partly driven by the Erdalen cold events and advances (10.1–9.7 10Be ka) initially issued from the Bárðarbunga (10.4, 10.1–9.9 ka) and Grímsvötn volcanoes (Saksunarvatn tephra complex, ca. 10.2–9.9 cal ka). These floods were also fed by the residual glacio-isostatic depressions below the Vatnajökull that enabled the storage of meltwaters in large subglacial lakes or aquifers until ca. 9.3 cal ka. This storage was enhanced by ice-damming and permafrost, especially during the twinned Erdalen events. Due to the glacio-isostatic rebound, the general slope was nearly flat, and the valley was partly filled with sediments until ca 10.8 cal ka. Temporary lacustrine deposits in this valley resulted from the very broad splay of waters as for the ca 11.2 cal ka and ca 10.1–9.9 cal ka flood, due to regional permafrost. These floods had a potential duration of several months as they were mostly fed by climate-driven meltwater. The maximal volume evacuated by these events did not greatly exceed 1 × 106 m3 s−1 from the flood-affected transverse profile of the valleys that remain partly filled with sediments. |
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Programme |
316 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1437-3262 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8267 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
