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Author Philippe Massicotte, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Mathieu Ardyna, Laurent Arnaud, Lise Artigue, Cyril Aubry, Pierre Ayotte, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Henry C. Bittig, Annick Bricaud, Éric Brossier, Flavienne Bruyant, Laurent Chauvaud, Debra Christiansen-Stowe, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Christine Cox, Aurelie Delaforge, Thibaud Dezutter, Céline Dimier, Florent Domine, Francis Dufour, Christiane Dufresne, Dany Dumont, Jens Ehn, Brent Else, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Virginie Galindo, Morgane Gallinari, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Margaux Gourdal, Priscilla Gourvil, Clemence Goyens, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Caroline Guilmette, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Fabien Joux, Léo Lacour, Thomas Lacour, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Catherine Lalande, Julien Laliberté, Simon Lambert-Girard, Jade Larivière, Johann Lavaud, Anita LeBaron, Karine Leblanc, Florence Le Gall, Justine Legras, Mélanie Lemire, Maurice Levasseur, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Antonio Lourenço, David Mah, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Nicolas Martin, Constance Marty, Sabine Marty, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa Matthes, Brivaela Moriceau, Pierre-Emmanuel Muller, Christopher-John Mundy, Griet Neukermans, Laurent Oziel, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Jean-Jacques Pangrazi, Ghislain Picard, Marc Picheral, France Pinczon du Sel, Nicole Pogorzelec, Ian Probert, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Erin Reimer, Jean-François Rontani, Søren Rysgaard, Blanche Saint-Béat, Makoto Sampei, Julie Sansoulet, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Yuan Shen, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Daniel Vaulot, Gauthier Verin, Frédéric Vivier, Anda Vladoiu, Jeremy Whitehead, Marcel Babin doi  openurl
  Title Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Earth System Science Data Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 151-176  
  Keywords  
  Abstract

Abstract. The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797 N, 63.7895 W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).

 
  Programme 1164  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1866-3508 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8111  
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Author I. Wardinski, D. Saturnino, H. Amit, A. Chambodut, B. Langlais, M. Mandea, E. Thébault doi  openurl
  Title Geomagnetic core field models and secular variation forecasts for the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF-13) Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Earth, Planets and Space Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 155  
  Keywords Forecasts of the geomagnetic field Geomagnetic field models Geomagnetic secular variation The geomagnetic field  
  Abstract Observations of the geomagnetic field taken at Earth’s surface and at satellite altitude are combined to construct continuous models of the geomagnetic field and its secular variation from 1957 to 2020. From these parent models, we derive candidate main field models for the epochs 2015 and 2020 to the 13th generation of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). The secular variation candidate model for the period 2020–2025 is derived from a forecast of the secular variation in 2022.5, which results from a multi-variate singular spectrum analysis of the secular variation from 1957 to 2020.  
  Programme 139  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1880-5981 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7364  
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Author J. Díaz, M. Ruiz, J. J. Curto, J. M. Torta, J. Ledo, A. Marcuello, P. Queralt doi  openurl
  Title On the observation of magnetic events on broad-band seismometers Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Earth, planets and space Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue 1 Pages 109  
  Keywords Anthropogenic sources of magnetic noise Seismic instrumentation Sudden Storm Commencements  
  Abstract The objective of this contribution is to get new insights into the effects of magnetic field variations of natural and anthropogenic origin on broad-band seismic stations. Regarding natural sources of magnetic perturbations, we have investigated if the Sudden Storm Commencements (SSC) cataloged during the 24th solar cycle (2008–2019) can be systematically identified in broad-band seismic stations distributed worldwide. The results show that the 23 SSC events with a mean amplitude above 30 nT and most of those with lower energy but still clearly identified in the magnetometer detection network can be observed at broad-band stations’ network using a simple low-pass filter. Although the preliminary impulse of those signals is usually stronger at stations located at high latitudes, major SSC are observed at seismic stations distributed worldwide. Regarding anthropogenic sources, we focus on the short period seismic signals recorded in urban environments which are correlated with the activity of the railway transportation system. We have analyzed collocated measurements of electric field and seismic signals within Barcelona, evidencing that significant changes in the electric field following the activity of the transportation systems can be attributed to leakage currents transmitted to the soil by trains. During space weather events, electric currents in the magnetosphere and ionosphere experience large variations inducing telluric currents near the Earth surface, which in turn generate a secondary magnetic field. In the case of underground trains, leakage currents are transmitted to the soil, which in turn can result in local variations in the magnetic field. The observed signals in modern seismometers can be related to the reaction of the suspension springs to these magnetic field variations or to the effect of the magnetic field variations on the force transducers used to keep the mass fixed.  
  Programme 133  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1880-5981 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7888  
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Author D. B. Green, S. Bestley, R. Trebilco, S. P. Corney, P. Lehodey, C. R. McMahon, C. Guinet, Mark A. Hindell file  doi
openurl 
  Title Modelled mid-trophic pelagic prey fields improve understanding of marine predator foraging behaviour Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Ecography Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 43 Issue 7 Pages 1014-1026  
  Keywords ecosystem modelling kerguelen plateau micronekton predators prey interaction southern elephant seal Southern Indian Ocean  
  Abstract Biophysical interactions are influential in determining the scale of key ecological processes within marine ecosystems. For oceanic predators, this means foraging behaviour is influenced by processes shaping the distribution of prey. However, oceanic prey is difficult to observe and its abundance and distribution is regionally generalised. We use a spatiotemporally resolved simulation model to describe mid-trophic prey distribution within the Southern Ocean and demonstrate insights that this modelled prey field provides into the foraging behaviour of a widely distributed marine predator, the southern elephant seal. From a five-year simulation of prey biomass, we computed climatologies of mean prey biomass (average prey conditions) and prey biomass variability (meso-scale variability). We also compiled spatially gridded metrics of seal density and diving behaviour from 13 yr of tracking data. We statistically modelled these metrics as non-linear functions of prey biomass (both mean and variability) and used these to predict seal distribution and behaviour. Our predictions were consistent with observations (R2adj = 0.23), indicating that seals aggregate in regions of high mesoscale activity where eddies concentrate prey. Here, seals dived deeper (R2marg = 0.12, R2cond = 0.51) and spent less time hunting (R2marg = 0.05, R2cond = 0.56), likely targeting deep but profitable prey patches. Seals generally avoided areas of low eddy activity where prey was likely dispersed. Most seals foraged south of the Subantarctic Front, despite north of the front exhibiting consistently high simulated prey biomasses. This likely reflects seal prey or habitat preferences, but also emphasises the importance of mesoscale prey biomass variability relative to regionally high mean biomass. This work demonstrates the value of coupling mechanistic representations of prey biomass with predator observations to provide insight into how biophysical processes combine to shape species distributions. This will be increasingly important for the robust prediction of species’ responses to rapid system change.  
  Programme 109,1201  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1600-0587 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7688  
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Author Audrey Jaeger, Amandine Gamble, Erwan Lagadec, Camille Lebarbenchon, Vincent Bourret, Jérémy Tornos, Christophe Barbraud, Karin Lemberger, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch, Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Thierry Boulinier, Pablo Tortosa file  doi
openurl 
  Title Impact of Annual Bacterial Epizootics on Albatross Population on a Remote Island Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) EcoHealth Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 194-202  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The reduced species richness typical of oceanic islands provides an interesting environmental setup to examine in natura the epidemiological dynamics of infectious agents with potential implications for public health and/or conservation. On Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), recurrent die-offs of Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri) nestlings have been attributed to avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. In order to help implementing efficient measures for the control of this disease, it is critical to better understand the local epidemiology of P. multocida and to examine its inter- and intra-annual infection dynamics. We evaluated the infection status of 264 yellow-nosed albatrosses over four successive breeding seasons using a real-time PCR targeting P. multocida DNA from cloacal swabs. Infection prevalence patterns revealed an intense circulation of P. multocida throughout the survey, with a steady but variable increase in infection prevalence within each breeding season. These epizootics were associated with massive nestling dies-offs, inducing very low fledging successes (≤ 20%). These results suggest important variations in the transmission dynamics of this pathogen. These findings and the developed PCR protocol have direct applications to guide future research and refine conservation plans aiming at controlling the disease.  
  Programme 109, 1151  
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  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1612-9210 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7961  
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Author Jan Jansen, Piers K. Dunstan, Nicole A. Hill, Philippe Koubbi, Jessica Melbourne-Thomas, Romain Causse, Craig R. Johnson doi  openurl
  Title Integrated assessment of the spatial distribution and structural dynamics of deep benthic marine communities Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Ecological Applications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages e02065  
  Keywords Antarctica continental shelf deep sea ecosystem dynamic ecosystem structure qualitative network model Southern Ocean spatial model species archetype model upper slope  
  Abstract Characterizing the spatial distribution and variation of species communities and validating these characteristics with data from the field are key elements for an ecosystem-based approach to management. However, models of species distributions that yield community structure are usually not linked to models of community dynamics, constraining understanding and management of the ecosystem, particularly in data-poor regions. Here we use a qualitative network model to predict changes in Antarctic benthic community structure between major marine habitats characterized largely by seafloor depth and slope, and use multivariate mixture models of species distributions to validate the community dynamics. We then assess how future increases in primary production associated with anticipated loss of sea-ice may affect the ecosystem. Our study shows how both spatial and structural features of ecosystems in data-poor regions can be analyzed and possible futures assessed, with direct relevance for ecosystem-based management.  
  Programme 281  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1939-5582 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8263  
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Author Sam L. Cox, Matthieu Authier, Florian Orgeret, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet file  doi
openurl 
  Title High mortality rates in a juvenile free-ranging marine predator and links to dive and forage ability Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Ecology and Evolution Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue 1 Pages 410-430  
  Keywords bio-logging early life foraging ecology juvenile mortality Mirounga leonina southern elephant seal survival analyses  
  Abstract High juvenile mortality rates are typical of many long-lived marine vertebrate predators. Insufficient development in dive and forage ability is considered a key driver of this. However, direct links to survival outcome are sparse, particularly in free-ranging marine animals that may not return to land. In this study, we conduct exploratory investigations toward early mortality in juvenile southern elephant seals Mirounga leonina. Twenty postweaning pups were equipped with (a) a new-generation satellite relay data tag, capable of remotely transmitting fine-scale behavioral movements from accelerometers, and (b) a location transmitting only tag (so that mortality events could be distinguished from device failures). Individuals were followed during their first trip at sea (until mortality or return to land). Two analyses were conducted. First, the behavioral movements and encountered environmental conditions of nonsurviving pups were individually compared to temporally concurrent observations from grouped survivors. Second, common causes of mortality were investigated using Cox's proportional hazard regression and penalized shrinkage techniques. Nine individuals died (two females and seven males) and 11 survived (eight females and three males). All but one individual died before the return phase of their first trip at sea, and all but one were negatively buoyant. Causes of death were variable, although common factors included increased horizontal travel speeds and distances, decreased development in dive and forage ability, and habitat type visited (lower sea surface temperatures and decreased total [eddy] kinetic energy). For long-lived marine vertebrate predators, such as the southern elephant seal, the first few months of life following independence represent a critical period, when small deviations in behavior from the norm appear sufficient to increase mortality risk. Survival rates may subsequently be particularly vulnerable to changes in climate and environment, which will have concomitant consequences on the demography and dynamics of populations.  
  Programme 109,1201  
  Campaign  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2045-7758 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7667  
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Author Vincent Lesur, Aude Chambodut doi  openurl
  Title The French network of magnetic observatories Type Communication
  Year 2020 Publication (up) EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 139  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7095  
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Author Casado M., Leroy-Dos C., Fourre E., Favier V., Agosta C., Arnaud L., Prié F., Akers P., Janssen L., Savarino J., Landais A. openurl 
  Title Water vapor isotopic signature along the EAIIST traverse Type Communication
  Year 2020 Publication (up) EGU General Assembly, 19-30 April 2021 Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 1177  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7868  
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Author Blanche Saint-Béat, Brian D. Fath, Cyril Aubry, Jonathan Colombet, Julie Dinasquet, Louis Fortier, Virginie Galindo, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Fabien Joux, Catherine Lalande, Mathieu LeBlanc, Patrick Raimbault, Télesphore Sime-Ngando, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Maps, Marcel Babin doi  openurl
  Title Contrasting pelagic ecosystem functioning in eastern and western Baffin Bay revealed by trophic network modeling Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication (up) Elementa: science of the anthropocene Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Baffin Bay, located at the Arctic Ocean’s ‘doorstep’, is a heterogeneous environment where a warm and salty eastern current flows northwards in the opposite direction of a cold and relatively fresh Arctic current flowing along the west coast of the bay. This circulation affects the physical and biogeochemical environment on both sides of the bay. The phytoplanktonic species composition is driven by its environment and, in turn, shapes carbon transfer through the planktonic food web. This study aims at determining the effects of such contrasting environments on ecosystem structure and functioning and the consequences for the carbon cycle. Ecological indices calculated from food web flow values provide ecosystem properties that are not accessible by direct in situ measurement. From new biological data gathered during the Green Edge project, we built a planktonic food web model for each side of Baffin Bay, considering several biological processes involved in the carbon cycle, notably in the gravitational, lipid, and microbial carbon pumps. Missing flow values were estimated by linear inverse modeling. Calculated ecological network analysis indices revealed significant differences in the functioning of each ecosystem. The eastern Baffin Bay food web presents a more specialized food web that constrains carbon through specific and efficient pathways, leading to segregation of the microbial loop from the classical grazing chain. In contrast, the western food web showed redundant and shorter pathways that caused a higher carbon export, especially via lipid and microbial pumps, and thus promoted carbon sequestration. Moreover, indirect effects resulting from bottom-up and top-down control impacted pairwise relations between species differently and led to the dominance of mutualism in the eastern food web. These differences in pairwise relations affect the dynamics and evolution of each food web and thus might lead to contrasting responses to ongoing climate change.  
  Programme 1164  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2325-1026 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8113  
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