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Author |
Zhiyong Xie, Zhen Wang, Olivier Magand, Alban Thollot, Ralf Ebinghaus, Wenying Mi, Aurelien Dommergue |
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Title |
Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
741 |
Issue |
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Pages |
140200 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Organophosphate esters PAH PFAS Snow |
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Abstract |
Concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 16 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface snow samples collected at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau in summer 2016. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP) were the dominant compounds of OPEs, with mean concentrations of 8157 ± 4860, 1128 ± 928 and 1232 ± 1147 pg/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, mean: 358 ± 71 pg/L) was the dominant compound of PFASs, and following by perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA, mean: 222 ± 97 pg/L), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA, 183 ± 60 pg/L) and perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA, 175 ± 105 pg/L). 2-(Heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA, mean: 9.2 ± 2.6 pg/L) was determined in the Antarctic for the first time. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HFPO-DA and the short-chain PFASs, implying they have similar emission sources and long-range transport potential. High levels of 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, as well as the ratios of PAH congeners indicated PAHs were attributable mostly to combustion origin. Occurrence and profiles of the indicators of OPEs, PFASs and PAHs, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis provided direct evidences of human activities on Concordia station and posed obvious impacts on local environments in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, the exchange processes among different environmental matrices may drive the long-range transport and redistribution of the legacy and emerging Organic contaminants from coast to inland in the Antarctic. |
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1028 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7685 |
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Author |
Albane Barbero, Camille Blouzon, Joël Savarino, Nicolas Caillon, Aurélien Dommergue, Roberto Grilli |
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Title |
A compact incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for trace detection of nitrogen oxides, iodine oxide and glyoxal at levels below parts per billion for field applications |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
13 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
4317-4331 |
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1028,1177 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1867-1381 |
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yes |
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7854 |
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Author |
Olivier Gilg, Loïc Bollache, Eve Afonso, Glenn Yannic, Niels Martin Schmidt, Lars Holst Hansen, Jannik Hansen, Benoît Sittler, Johannes Lang, Nicolas Meyer, Brigitte Sabard, Vladimir Gilg, Anita Lang, Mathilde Lebbar, Voitto Haukisalmi, Heikki Henttonen, Jérôme Moreau |
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Title |
Are gastrointestinal parasites associated with the cyclic population dynamics of their arctic lemming hosts? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
6-12 |
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Keywords |
Cestodes Eimerians Faecal prevalence Greenland Population dynamics Rodent-parasites interactions |
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Abstract |
Many rodents, including most populations of arctic lemmings (genus Dicrostonyx and Lemmus), have cyclic population dynamics. Among the numerous hypotheses which have been proposed and tested to explain this typical characteristic of some terrestrial vertebrate communities, trophic interactions have often been presented as the most likely drivers of these periodic fluctuations. The possible role of parasites has, however, only seldom been assessed. In this study, we genetically measured the prevalence of two endoparasite taxa, eimerians and cestodes, in 372 faecal samples from collared lemmings, over a five year period and across three distant sites in Northeast Greenland. Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7% over all sites and years) and this taxon was only found at one site (although in 4 out of 5 years) in adult hosts. By contrast, we found high prevalence for eimerians (77.7% over all sites and years), which occurred at all sites, in every year, for both age classes (at the Hochstetter Forland site where both adult and juvenile faeces were collected) and regardless of reproductive and social status inferred from the characteristics of the lemming nests where the samples had been collected. Prevalence of eimerians significantly varied among years (not among sites) and was higher for juvenile than for adult lemmings at the Hochstetter Forland site. However, higher prevalence of eimerians (Pt) was only associated with lower lemming density (Nt) at one of the three sites and we found no delayed density dependence between Nt and Pt+1 to support the parasite hypothesis. Our results show that there is no clear relation between lemming density and eimerian faecal prevalence in Northeast Greenland and hence no evidence that eimerians could be driving the cyclic population dynamics of collared lemmings in this region. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
2213-2244 |
ISBN |
2213-2244 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7616 |
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Author |
Eva Fuglei, John-André Henden, Chris T. Callahan, Olivier Gilg, Jannik Hansen, Rolf A. Ims, Arkady P. Isaev, Johannes Lang, Carol L. McIntyre, Richard A. Merizon, Oleg Y. Mineev, Yuri N. Mineev, Dave Mossop, Olafur K. Nielsen, Erlend B. Nilsen, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, Niels Martin Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Maria Hørnell Willebrand, Kathy Martin |
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Title |
Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan: Population dynamics and trends |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ambio |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
749-761 |
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Abstract |
Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoundland had positive trends, and no significant trends in Alaska. For willow ptarmigan, there was a negative trend in mid-Sweden and eastern Russia, while northern Fennoscandia, North America and Newfoundland had no significant trends. Both species displayed some periods with population cycles (short 3–6 years and long 9–12 years), but cyclicity changed through time for both species. We propose that simple, cost-efficient systematic surveys that capture the main feature of ptarmigan population dynamics can form the basis for citizen science efforts in order to fill knowledge gaps for the many regions that lack systematic ptarmigan monitoring programs. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1654-7209 |
ISBN |
1654-7209 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7630 |
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Author |
Dorothée Ehrich, Niels M. Schmidt, Gilles Gauthier, Ray Alisauskas, Anders Angerbjörn, Karin Clark, Frauke Ecke, Nina E. Eide, Erik Framstad, Jay Frandsen, Alastair Franke, Olivier Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Heikki Henttonen, Birger Hörnfeldt, Rolf A. Ims, Gennadiy D. Kataev, Sergey P. Kharitonov, Siw T. Killengreen, Charles J. Krebs, Richard B. Lanctot, Nicolas Lecomte, Irina E. Menyushina, Douglas W. Morris, Guy Morrisson, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Oksanen, Johan Olofsson, Ivan G. Pokrovsky, Igor Yu. Popov, Donald Reid, James D. Roth, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Gustaf Samelius, Benoit Sittler, Sergey M. Sleptsov, Paul A. Smith, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Natalya A. Sokolova, Mikhail Y. Soloviev, Diana V. Solovyeva |
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Title |
Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ambio |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
786-800 |
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Abstract |
Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective. |
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1036 |
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1654-7209 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7646 |
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Author |
Vojtěch Brlík, Jaroslav Koleček, Malcolm Burgess, Steffen Hahn, Diana Humple, Miloš Krist, Janne Ouwehand, Emily L. Weiser, Peter Adamík, José A. Alves, Debora Arlt, Sanja Barišić, Detlef Becker, Eduardo J. Belda, Václav Beran, Christiaan Both, Susana P. Bravo, Martins Briedis, Bohumír Chutný, Davor Ćiković, Nathan W. Cooper, Joana S. Costa, Víctor R. Cueto, Tamara Emmenegger, Kevin Fraser, Olivier Gilg, Marina Guerrero, Michael T. Hallworth, Chris Hewson, Frédéric Jiguet, James A. Johnson, Tosha Kelly, Dmitry Kishkinev, Michel Leconte, Terje Lislevand, Simeon Lisovski, Cosme López, Kent P. McFarland, Peter P. Marra, Steven M. Matsuoka, Piotr Matyjasiak, Christoph M. Meier, Benjamin Metzger, Juan S. Monrós, Roland Neumann, Amy Newman, Ryan Norris, Tomas Pärt, Václav Pavel, Noah Perlut, Markus Piha, Jeroen Reneerkens, Christopher C. Rimmer, Amélie Roberto‐Charron, Chiara Scandolara, Natalia Sokolova, Makiko Takenaka, Dirk Tolkmitt, Herman van Oosten, Arndt H. J. Wellbrock, Hazel Wheeler, Jan van der Winden, Klaudia Witte, Bradley K. Woodworth, Petr Procházka |
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Title |
Weak effects of geolocators on small birds: A meta-analysis controlled for phylogeny and publication bias |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
207-220 |
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Keywords |
condition migration phenology reproduction return rate survival tag effect tracking device |
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Abstract |
Currently, the deployment of tracking devices is one of the most frequently used approaches to study movement ecology of birds. Recent miniaturization of light-level geolocators enabled studying small bird species whose migratory patterns were widely unknown. However, geolocators may reduce vital rates in tagged birds and may bias obtained movement data. There is a need for a thorough assessment of the potential tag effects on small birds, as previous meta-analyses did not evaluate unpublished data and impact of multiple life-history traits, focused mainly on large species and the number of published studies tagging small birds has increased substantially. We quantitatively reviewed 549 records extracted from 74 published and 48 unpublished studies on over 7,800 tagged and 17,800 control individuals to examine the effects of geolocator tagging on small bird species (body mass <100 g). We calculated the effect of tagging on apparent survival, condition, phenology and breeding performance and identified the most important predictors of the magnitude of effect sizes. Even though the effects were not statistically significant in phylogenetically controlled models, we found a weak negative impact of geolocators on apparent survival. The negative effect on apparent survival was stronger with increasing relative load of the device and with geolocators attached using elastic harnesses. Moreover, tagging effects were stronger in smaller species. In conclusion, we found a weak effect on apparent survival of tagged birds and managed to pinpoint key aspects and drivers of tagging effects. We provide recommendations for establishing matched control group for proper effect size assessment in future studies and outline various aspects of tagging that need further investigation. Finally, our results encourage further use of geolocators on small bird species but the ethical aspects and scientific benefits should always be considered. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1365-2656 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7670 |
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Author |
David Boertmann, Flemming Merkel, Olivier Gilg |
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Title |
Seabird Breeding Colonies in East and North Greenland: A Baseline |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ARCTIC |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
73 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
20-39 |
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Keywords |
climate change colonial seabirds distribution Greenland |
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Abstract |
This paper presents the results of a number of aircraft- and boat-based surveys for seabird breeding colonies in East and North Greenland carried out in the period 2003 to 2018 and gives the first comprehensive overview of the distribution and size of the seabird breeding colonies in this remote and mainly uninhabited region. Seventeen seabird species breed in approximately 800 sites distributed very unevenly along the coasts, with high concentrations at the polynyas and long stretches with very few breeding seabirds. Climate changes are in full progress in East and North Greenland, especially affecting the sea ice regime, and seabirds are expected to respond to these changes in different ways. For example, since the 1980s, Common Eiders (Somateria mollissima) have extended their breeding range more than two latitudinal degrees towards the north, now reaching the northernmost land on Earth. Lesser Black-backed Gulls (Larus fuscus) and Great Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) have immigrated, and Sabine’s Gulls (Xema sabini) have increased and extended their range. Besides presenting survey results, this report may also serve as a baseline for future studies of the abundance of breeding seabirds in East and North Greenland. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1923-1245 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7681 |
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Author |
Tuomas Kankaanpää, Eero Vesterinen, Bess Hardwick, Niels M. Schmidt, Tommi Andersson, Paul E. Aspholm, Isabel C. Barrio, Niklas Beckers, Joël Bêty, Tone Birkemoe, Melissa DeSiervo, Katherine H. I. Drotos, Dorothee Ehrich, Olivier Gilg, Vladimir Gilg, Nils Hein, Toke T. Høye, Kristian M. Jakobsen, Camille Jodouin, Jesse Jorna, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Jean-Claude Kresse, Don-Jean Leandri-Breton, Nicolas Lecomte, Maarten Loonen, Philipp Marr, Spencer K. Monckton, Maia Olsen, Josée-Anne Otis, Michelle Pyle, Ruben E. Roos, Katrine Raundrup, Daria Rozhkova, Brigitte Sabard, Aleksandr Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Anna M. Solecki, Christine Urbanowicz, Catherine Villeneuve, Evgenya Vyguzova, Vitali Zverev, Tomas Roslin |
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Title |
Parasitoids indicate major climate-induced shifts in arctic communities |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
26 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
6276-6295 |
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Keywords |
Arctic climate change DNA barcoding Dryas food webs functional traits host–parasitoid interactions insect herbivory pollinators |
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Abstract |
Climatic impacts are especially pronounced in the Arctic, which as a region is warming twice as fast as the rest of the globe. Here, we investigate how mean climatic conditions and rates of climatic change impact parasitoid insect communities in 16 localities across the Arctic. We focus on parasitoids in a widespread habitat, Dryas heathlands, and describe parasitoid community composition in terms of larval host use (i.e., parasitoid use of herbivorous Lepidoptera vs. pollinating Diptera) and functional groups differing in their closeness of host associations (koinobionts vs. idiobionts). Of the latter, we expect idiobionts—as being less fine-tuned to host development—to be generally less tolerant to cold temperatures, since they are confined to attacking hosts pupating and overwintering in relatively exposed locations. To further test our findings, we assess whether similar climatic variables are associated with host abundances in a 22 year time series from Northeast Greenland. We find sites which have experienced a temperature rise in summer while retaining cold winters to be dominated by parasitoids of Lepidoptera, with the reverse being true for the parasitoids of Diptera. The rate of summer temperature rise is further associated with higher levels of herbivory, suggesting higher availability of lepidopteran hosts and changes in ecosystem functioning. We also detect a matching signal over time, as higher summer temperatures, coupled with cold early winter soils, are related to high herbivory by lepidopteran larvae, and to declines in the abundance of dipteran pollinators. Collectively, our results suggest that in parts of the warming Arctic, Dryas is being simultaneously exposed to increased herbivory and reduced pollination. Our findings point to potential drastic and rapid consequences of climate change on multitrophic-level community structure and on ecosystem functioning and highlight the value of collaborative, systematic sampling effort. |
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1036 |
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ISSN |
1365-2486 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7686 |
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Jeroen Reneerkens, Tom S. L. Versluijs, Theunis Piersma, José A. Alves, Mark Boorman, Colin Corse, Olivier Gilg, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Johannes Lang, Bob Loos, Yaa Ntiamoa‐Baidu, Alfred A. Nuoh, Peter M. Potts, Job ten Horn, Tamar Lok |
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Title |
Low fitness at low latitudes: Wintering in the tropics increases migratory delays and mortality rates in an Arctic breeding shorebird |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
691-703 |
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Keywords |
demography fitness migration nutrient storage strategies site fidelity solar geolocation survival timing |
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Abstract |
Evolutionary theories of seasonal migration generally assume that the costs of longer migrations are balanced by benefits at the non-breeding destinations. We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring migration for High Arctic breeding sanderling Calidris alba using six and eight winter destinations between 55°N and 25°S, respectively. Annual apparent survival was considerably lower for adult birds wintering in tropical West Africa (Mauritania: 0.74 and Ghana: 0.75) than in three European sites (0.84, 0.84 and 0.87) and in subtropical Namibia (0.85). Moreover, compared with adults, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in Europe, often refrained from migrating north during the first possible breeding season. During northward migration, tropical-wintering sanderlings occurred at their final staging site in Iceland 5–15 days later than birds wintering further north or south. Namibia-wintering sanderlings tracked with solar geolocators only staged in West Africa during southward migration. The low annual survival, the later age of first northward migration and the later passage through Iceland during northward migration of tropical-wintering sanderlings, in addition to the skipping of this area during northward but not southward migration by Namibia-wintering sanderlings, all suggest they face issues during the late non-breeding season in West Africa. Migrating sanderlings defy long distances but may end up in winter areas with poor fitness prospects. We suggest that ecological conditions in tropical West Africa make the fuelling prior to northward departure problematic. |
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1036 |
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1365-2656 |
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yes |
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7690 |
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Author |
Nicolas Meyer, Loïc Bollache, François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont, Jérôme Moreau, Eve Afonso, Anders Angerbjörn, Joël Bêty, Dorothée Ehrich, Vladimir Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Jannik Hansen, Richard B. Lanctot, Johannes Lang, Nicolas Lecomte, Laura McKinnon, Jeroen Reneerkens, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Brigitte Sabard, Niels M. Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Paul Smith, Aleksandr Sokolov, Vasiliy Sokolov, Natalia Sokolova, Rob van Bemmelen, Olivier Gilg |
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Title |
Nest attentiveness drives nest predation in arctic sandpipers |
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2020 |
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Oikos |
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129 |
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10 |
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1481-1492 |
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Arctic shorebirds breeding behaviour incubation recesses incubation strategy nest survival parental care |
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Abstract |
Most birds incubate their eggs to allow embryo development. This behaviour limits the ability of adults to perform other activities. Hence, incubating adults trade off incubation and nest protection with foraging to meet their own needs. Parents can either cooperate to sustain this tradeoff or incubate alone. The main cause of reproductive failure at this reproductive stage is predation and adults reduce this risk by keeping the nest location secret. Arctic sandpipers are interesting biological models to investigate parental care evolution as they may use several parental care strategies. The three main incubation strategies include both parents sharing incubation duties (‘biparental’), one parent incubating alone (‘uniparental’), or a flexible strategy with both uniparental and biparental incubation within a population (‘mixed’). By monitoring the incubation behaviour in 714 nests of seven sandpiper species across 12 arctic sites, we studied the relationship between incubation strategy and nest predation. First, we described how the frequency of incubation recesses (NR), their mean duration (MDR), and the daily total duration of recesses (TDR) vary among strategies. Then, we examined how the relationship between the daily predation rate and these components of incubation behaviour varies across strategies using two complementary survival analysis. For uniparental and biparental species, the daily predation rate increased with the daily total duration of recesses and with the mean duration of recesses. In contrast, daily predation rate increased with the daily number of recesses for biparental species only. These patterns may be attributed to two independent mechanisms: cryptic incubating adults are more difficult to locate than unattended nests and adults departing the nest or feeding close to the nest can draw predators’ attention. Our results demonstrate that incubation behaviour as mediated by incubation strategy has important consequences for sandpipers’ reproductive success. |
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1036 |
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1600-0706 |
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yes |
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7986 |
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