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Author Wenjie Lei, Youyi Ruan, Ebru Bozdağ, Daniel Peter, Matthieu Lefebvre, Dimitri Komatitsch, Jeroen Tromp, Judith Hill, Norbert Podhorszki, David Pugmire doi  openurl
  Title Global adjoint tomography—model GLAD-M25 Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Geophysical Journal International Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 223 Issue 1 Pages 1-21  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Building on global adjoint tomography model GLAD-M15, we present transversely isotropic global model GLAD-M25, which is the result of 10 quasi-Newton tomographic iterations with an earthquake database consisting of 1480 events in the magnitude range 5.5 ≤ Mw ≤ 7.2, an almost sixfold increase over the first-generation model. We calculated fully 3-D synthetic seismograms with a shortest period of 17 s based on a GPU-accelerated spectral-element wave propagation solver which accommodates effects due to 3-D anelastic crust and mantle structure, topography and bathymetry, the ocean load, ellipticity, rotation and self-gravitation. We used an adjoint-state method to calculate Fréchet derivatives in 3-D anelastic Earth models facilitated by a parsimonious storage algorithm. The simulations were performed on the Cray XK7 ‘Titan’ and the IBM Power 9 ‘Summit’ at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. We quantitatively evaluated GLAD-M25 by assessing misfit reductions and traveltime anomaly histograms in 12 measurement categories. We performed similar assessments for a held-out data set consisting of 360 earthquakes, with results comparable to the actual inversion. We highlight the new model for a variety of plumes and subduction zones.  
  Programme 133  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0956-540X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7990  
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Author Étienne Vignon, Ghislain Picard, Claudio Durán-Alarcón, Simon P. Alexander, Hubert Gallée, Alexis Berne doi  openurl
  Title Gravity Wave Excitation during the Coastal Transition of an Extreme Katabatic Flow in Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 77 Issue 4 Pages 1295-1312  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract The offshore extent of Antarctic katabatic winds exerts a strong control on the production of sea ice and the formation of polynyas. In this study, we make use of a combination of ground-based remotely sensed and meteorological measurements at Dumont d’Urville (DDU) station, satellite images, and simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to analyze a major katabatic wind event in Adélie Land. Once well developed over the slope of the ice sheet, the katabatic flow experiences an abrupt transition near the coastal edge consisting of a sharp increase in the boundary layer depth, a sudden decrease in wind speed, and a decrease in Froude number from 3.5 to 0.3. This so-called katabatic jump manifests as a turbulent “wall” of blowing snow in which updrafts exceed 5 m s−1. The wall reaches heights of 1000 m and its horizontal extent along the coast is more than 400 km. By destabilizing the boundary layer downstream, the jump favors the trapping of a gravity wave train—with a horizontal wavelength of 10.5 km—that develops in a few hours. The trapped gravity waves exert a drag that considerably slows down the low-level outflow. Moreover, atmospheric rotors form below the first wave crests. The wind speed record measured at DDU in 2017 (58.5 m s−1) is due to the vertical advection of momentum by a rotor. A statistical analysis of observations at DDU reveals that katabatic jumps and low-level trapped gravity waves occur frequently over coastal Adélie Land. It emphasizes the important role of such phenomena in the coastal Antarctic dynamics.

 
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-4928, 1520-0469 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7996  
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Author Angus F. Henderson, Clive R. McMahon, Rob Harcourt, Christophe Guinet, Baptiste Picard, Simon Wotherspoon, Mark A. Hindell doi  openurl
  Title Inferring Variation in Southern Elephant Seal At-Sea Mortality by Modelling Tag Failure Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 796  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Identifying factors influencing survivorship is key to understanding population persistence. Although satellite telemetry is a powerful tool for studying remote animal ecology and behaviour it is rarely used for demographic studies because distinguishing the death of the animal (individual mortality) from failure of the tag (mechanical tag failure) has proven difficult. Southern elephant seals present an opportunity to separate tag failure from animal mortality thanks to the availability of large tracking datasets, broad knowledge of demographic rates, and because for these large animals, satellite tags are known not to influence mortality rates. A key rationale for investigating satellite telemetry to estimate mortality as compared to using traditional Capture-Mark-Recapture methods is the potential for obtaining spatially and temporally specific information, particularly while the animals are at sea and largely unobservable. We used satellite tag data from 182 seals from Isles Kerguelen, deployed between 2004 and 2018. Of these, 76 (42%) tags transmitted for the full post-moult foraging trip (max. 265 days for females and max. 305 days for sub-adult males) with the remaining 107 tags (58%) ceasing transmission at sea. We found that contrary to expectations, behavioural choices seem not to influence tag failure rates by mechanical means, rather the signals we detected seemed to align with previously described variation in mortality between groups. There was evidence, albeit limited, for an increase in tag failure for adult females in years with negative Southern Annular Mode (lower Southern Ocean productivity). We speculate that this increase in failure may suggest higher mortality in these years. Also, males using the Kerguelen Plateau had higher tag failure rates than those in the sea-ice zone, perhaps indicative of higher mortality. We suspect that these differences in tag failure rates between groups reflect variation in predator exposure and foraging success. This suggests satellite telemetry could be used to infer mortality events for southern elephant seals while they are at sea.  
  Programme 1201  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-7745 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8007  
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Author Pauline Goulet, Christophe Guinet, Claudio Campagna, Julieta Campagna, Peter Lloyd Tyack, Mark Johnson doi  openurl
  Title Flash and grab: deep-diving southern elephant seals trigger anti-predator flashes in bioluminescent prey Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Journal of Experimental Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 223 Issue 10 Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract Bioluminescence, which occurs in approximately 80% of the world's mesopelagic fauna, can take the form of a low-intensity continuous glow (e.g. for counter-illumination or signalling) or fast repetitions of brighter anti-predatory flashes. The southern elephant seal (SES) is a major consumer of mesopelagic organisms, in particular the abundant myctophid fish, yet the fine-scale relationship between this predator's foraging behaviour and bioluminescent prey remains poorly understood. We hypothesised that brief, intense light emissions should be closely connected with prey strikes when the seal is targeting bioluminescent prey that reacts by emitting anti-predator flashes. To test this, we developed a biologging device containing a fast-sampling light sensor together with location and movement sensors to measure simultaneously anti-predator bioluminescent emissions and the predator's attack motions with a 20 ms resolution. Tags were deployed on female SES breeding at Kerguelen Islands and Península Valdés, Argentina. In situ light levels in combination with duration of prey capture attempts indicated that seals were targeting a variety of prey types. For some individuals, bioluminescent flashes occurred in a large proportion of prey strikes, with the timing of flashes closely connected with the predator's attack motion, suggestive of anti-predator emissions. Marked differences across individuals and location indicate that SES do exploit bioluminescent organisms but the proportion of these in the diet varies widely with location. The combination of wideband light and acceleration data provides new insight into where and when different prey types are encountered and how effectively they might be captured.  
  Programme 1201  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-0949 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8008  
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Author Morgan Godard, Claude Manté, Christophe Guinet, Baptiste Picard, David Nerini doi  openurl
  Title Diving Behavior of Mirounga leonina: A Functional Data Analysis Approach Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 595  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract The diving behavior of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, is investigated through the analysis of time-depth dive profiles. The originality of this work is to consider dive profiles as continuous curves. For this purpose, a Functional Data Analysis (FDA) approach is proposed for the shape analysis of a collection of dive profiles. Complexity of dive shapes is characterized by a mixture of three main shape variations accounting for about 80% of the entire variability: U or V shape, vertical depth variability during the bottom time, and skewed left or right. Model-based clustering allows the identification of eight dive shape clusters in a quick and automated way. Connection between shape patterns and classical descriptors, as well as the number of prey capture events, is achieved, showing that the clusters are coherent to specific foraging behaviors previously identified in the literature labeled as drift, exploratory and active dives. Finally, FDA is compared to classical methods relying on the computation of discrete dive descriptors. Results show that taking the shape of the dive as a whole is more resilient to corrupted or incomplete sampled data. FDA is, therefore, an efficient tool adapted for processing and comparing dive data with different sampling frequencies and for improving the quality and the accuracy of transmitted data.  
  Programme 1201  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-7745 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8009  
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Author Steven Compernolle, Tijl Verhoelst, Gaia Pinardi, José Granville, Daan Hubert, Arno Keppens, Sander Niemeijer, Bruno Rino, Alkis Bais, Steffen Beirle, Folkert Boersma, John P. Burrows, Isabelle De Smedt, Henk Eskes, Florence Goutail, François Hendrick, Alba Lorente, Andrea Pazmino, Ankie Piters, Enno Peters, Jean-Pierre Pommereau, Julia Remmers, Andreas Richter, Jos van Geffen, Michel Van Roozendael, Thomas Wagner, Jean-Christopher Lambert doi  openurl
  Title Validation of Aura-OMI QA4ECV NO2 climate data records with ground-based DOAS networks: the role of measurement and comparison uncertainties Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 20 Issue 13 Pages 8017-8045  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract The Qa4ecv (Quality Assurance For Essential Climate Variables) Version 1.1 Stratospheric And Tropospheric No2 Vertical Column Density (Vcd) Climate Data Records (Cdrs) From The Omi (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) Satellite Sensor Are Validated Using Ndacc (Network For The Detection Of Atmospheric Composition Change) Zenith-scattered Light Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Zsl-doas) And Multi-axis Doas (Max-doas) Data As A Reference. The Qa4ecv Omi Stratospheric Vcds Have A Small Bias Of ∼0.2 Pmolec.cm-2 (5 %–10 %) And A Dispersion Of 0.2 To 1 Pmolec.cm-2 With Respect To The Zsl-doas Measurements. Qa4ecv Tropospheric Vcd Observations From Omi Are Restricted To Near-cloud-free Scenes, Leading To A Negative Sampling Bias (With Respect To The Unrestricted Scene Ensemble) Of A Few Peta Molecules Per Square Centimetre (Pmolec.cm-2) Up To −10 Pmolec.cm-2 (−40 %) In One Extreme High-pollution Case. The Qa4ecv Omi Tropospheric Vcd Has A Negative Bias With Respect To The Max-doas Data (−1 To −4 Pmolec.cm-2), Which Is A Feature Also Found For The Omi Omno2 Standard Data Product. The Tropospheric Vcd Discrepancies Between Satellite Measurements And Ground-based Data Greatly Exceed The Combined Measurement Uncertainties. Depending On The Site, Part Of The Discrepancy Can Be Attributed To A Combination Of Comparison Errors (Notably Horizontal Smoothing Difference Error), Measurement/retrieval Errors Related To Clouds And Aerosols, And The Difference In Vertical Smoothing And A Priori Profile Assumptions.  
  Programme 209  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1680-7316 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8014  
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Author Sarah C. Davidson, Gil Bohrer, Eliezer Gurarie, Scott LaPoint, Peter J. Mahoney, Natalie T. Boelman, Jan U. H. Eitel, Laura R. Prugh, Lee A. Vierling, Jyoti Jennewein, Emma Grier, Ophélie Couriot, Allicia P. Kelly, Arjan J. H. Meddens, Ruth Y. Oliver, Roland Kays, Martin Wikelski, Tomas Aarvak, Joshua T. Ackerman, José A. Alves, Erin Bayne, Bryan Bedrosian, Jerrold L. Belant, Andrew M. Berdahl, Alicia M. Berlin, Dominique Berteaux, Joël Bêty, Dmitrijs Boiko, Travis L. Booms, Bridget L. Borg, Stan Boutin, W. Sean Boyd, Kane Brides, Stephen Brown, Victor N. Bulyuk, Kurt K. Burnham, David Cabot, Michael Casazza, Katherine Christie, Erica H. Craig, Shanti E. Davis, Tracy Davison, Dominic Demma, Christopher R. DeSorbo, Andrew Dixon, Robert Domenech, Götz Eichhorn, Kyle Elliott, Joseph R. Evenson, Klaus-Michael Exo, Steven H. Ferguson, Wolfgang Fiedler, Aaron Fisk, Jérôme Fort, Alastair Franke, Mark R. Fuller, Stefan Garthe, Gilles Gauthier, Grant Gilchrist, Petr Glazov, Carrie E. Gray, David Grémillet, Larry Griffin, Michael T. Hallworth, Autumn-Lynn Harrison, Holly L. Hennin, J. Mark Hipfner, James Hodson, James A. Johnson, Kyle Joly, Kimberly Jones, Todd E. Katzner, Jeff W. Kidd, Elly C. Knight, Michael N. Kochert, Andrea Kölzsch, Helmut Kruckenberg, Benjamin J. Lagassé, Sandra Lai, Jean-François Lamarre, Richard B. Lanctot, Nicholas C. Larter, A. David M. Latham, Christopher J. Latty, James P. Lawler, Don-Jean Léandri-Breton, Hansoo Lee, Stephen B. Lewis, Oliver P. Love, Jesper Madsen, Mark Maftei, Mark L. Mallory, Buck Mangipane, Mikhail Y. Markovets, Peter P. Marra, Rebecca McGuire, Carol L. McIntyre, Emily A. McKinnon, Tricia A. Miller, Sander Moonen, Tong Mu, Gerhard J. D. M. Müskens, Janet Ng, Kerry L. Nicholson, Ingar Jostein Øien, Cory Overton, Patricia A. Owen, Allison Patterson, Aevar Petersen, Ivan Pokrovsky, Luke L. Powell, Rui Prieto, Petra Quillfeldt, Jennie Rausch, Kelsey Russell, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Hans Schekkerman, Joel A. Schmutz, Philipp Schwemmer, Dale R. Seip, Adam Shreading, Mónica A. Silva, Brian W. Smith, Fletcher Smith, Jeff P. Smith, Katherine R. S. Snell, Aleksandr Sokolov, Vasiliy Sokolov, Diana V Solovyeva, Mathew S. Sorum, Grigori Tertitski, J. F. Therrien, Kasper Thorup, T. Lee Tibbitts, Ingrid Tulp, Brian D. Uher-Koch, Rob S. A. van Bemmelen, Steven Van Wilgenburg, Andrew L. Von Duyke, Jesse L. Watson, Bryan D. Watts, Judy A. Williams, Matthew T. Wilson, James R. Wright, Michael A. Yates, David J. Yurkowski, Ramūnas Žydelis, Mark Hebblewhite doi  openurl
  Title Ecological insights from three decades of animal movement tracking across a changing Arctic Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 370 Issue 6517 Pages 712-715  
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  Programme 388  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8024  
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Author Sanne Muis, Maialen Irazoqui Apecechea, Job Dullaart, Joao de Lima Rego, Kristine Skovgaard Madsen, Jian Su, Kun Yan, Martin Verlaan doi  openurl
  Title A High-Resolution Global Dataset of Extreme Sea Levels, Tides, and Storm Surges, Including Future Projections Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 263  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract The world’s coastal areas are increasingly at risk of coastal flooding due to sea-level rise (SLR). We present a novel global dataset of extreme sea levels, the Coastal Dataset for the Evaluation of Climate Impact (CoDEC), which can be used to accurately map the impact of climate change on coastal regions around the world. The third generation Global Tide and Surge Model (GTSM), with a coastal resolution of 2.5 km (1.25 km in Europe), was used to simulate extreme sea levels for the ERA5 climate reanalysis from 1979 to 2017, as well as for future climate scenarios from 2040 to 2100. The validation against observed sea levels demonstrated a good performance, and the annual maxima had a mean bias (MB) of -0.04 m, which is 50% lower than the MB of the previous GTSR dataset. By the end of the century (2071–2100), it is projected that the 1 in 10-year water levels will have increased 0.34 m on average for RCP4.5, while some locations may experience increases of up to 0.5 m. The change in return levels is largely driven by SLR, although at some locations changes in storms surges and interaction with tides amplify the impact of SLR with changes up to 0.2 m. By presenting an application of the CoDEC dataset to the city of Copenhagen, we demonstrate how climate impact indicators derived from simulation can contribute to an understanding of climate impact on a local scale. Moreover, the CoDEC output locations are designed to be used as boundary conditions for regional models, and we envisage that they will be used for dynamic downscaling.  
  Programme 688  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-7745 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8031  
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Author Tartu S., Blévin P., Bustamante P., Angelier A., Bech C., Bustnes J.o., Gabrielsen G.w., Goutte A., Moe B., Sauser C., Sire J., Barbraud C., Chastel O openurl 
  Title Drivers and trends of mercury exposure in Svalbard kittiwakes in a warming context over 17 years Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2020 Publication Setac north-america 41st annual meeting, fort worth, tx, usa (15-19 november 2020) virtual Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Programme 330  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8034  
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Author Chastel O openurl 
  Title Contaminants of Growing Concern: Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) and their Physiological Consequences in Seabirds Type Peer-reviewed symposium
  Year 2020 Publication SETAC North-America 41st Annual Meeting, Fort Worth, TX, USA (15-19 November 2020), virtual Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up)  
  Abstract  
  Programme 330  
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  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8035  
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