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Author |
L. Edel, C. Claud, C. Genthon, C. Palerme, N. Wood, T. L’Ecuyer, D. Bromwich |
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Title |
Arctic Snowfall from CloudSat Observations and Reanalyses |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Climate |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2093-2109 |
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Programme |
1013 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0894-8755 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7657 |
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Author |
Aymeric. Fromant, C. M. Miskelly, J. P. Y. Arnould, C.-A. Bost |
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Title |
Artificial burrows as a tool for long-term studies of diving petrels |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
435-442 |
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Abstract |
Long-term studies are essential to determine demographic parameters and population trends in seabirds. However, studies to date have focused mainly on the larger and accessible species. While small seabirds (< 200 g) play a major role in marine ecosystems, their nesting habitat, which is typically fragile convoluted burrows, largely preclude long-term surveys. This study evaluated the installation of artificial burrows as a tool to facilitate ongoing long-term research on small burrowing seabirds. We tested the use and acceptance of artificial burrows during the chick-rearing period of common diving petrels (Pelecanoides urinatrix) on Mayes Island, Kerguelen Archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. The growth rate, mass at fledging and fledging rate of chicks were similar between artificial and natural burrows. Similarly, there was no difference in occupancy rate 1 and 2 years after artificial burrows were installed. The installation of artificial burrows during the chick-rearing period of a small burrowing seabird appears to be an effective way to facilitate ongoing monitoring and research and, therefore, we recommend the wider use of artificial burrows to facilitate monitoring and research of other small burrow-nesting procellariiform species. |
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109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7658 |
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Author |
Agnès Lewden, Andreas Nord, Batshéva Bonnet, Florent Chauvet, André Ancel, Dominic J. McCafferty |
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Title |
Body surface rewarming in fully and partially hypothermic king penguins |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Comparative Physiology B |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
190 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
597-609 |
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Abstract |
Penguins face a major thermal transition when returning to land in a hypothermic state after a foraging trip. Uninsulated appendages (flippers and feet) could provide flexible heat exchange during subsequent rewarming. Here, we tested the hypothesis that peripheral vasodilation could be delayed during this recovery stage. To this end, we designed an experiment to examine patterns of surface rewarming in fully hypothermic (the cloaca and peripheral regions (here; flippers, feet and the breast) < 37 °C) and partially hypothermic (cloaca at normothermia ≥ 37 °C, but periphery at hypothermia) king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) when they rewarmed in the laboratory. Both groups rewarmed during the 21 min observation period, but the temperature changes were larger in fully than in partially hypothermic birds. Moreover, we observed a 5 min delay of peripheral temperature in fully compared to partially hypothermic birds, suggesting that this process was impacted by low internal temperature. To investigate whether our laboratory data were applicable to field conditions, we also recorded surface temperatures of free-ranging penguins after they came ashore to the colony. Initial surface temperatures were lower in these birds compared to in those that rewarmed in the laboratory, and changed less over a comparable period of time on land. This could be explained both by environmental conditions and possible handling-induced thermogenesis in the laboratory. Nevertheless, this study demonstrated that appendage vasodilation is flexibly used during rewarming and that recovery may be influenced by both internal temperature and environmental conditions when penguins transition from sea to land. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1432-136X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7659 |
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Author |
Sophie M. Dupont, Christophe Barbraud, Olivier Chastel, Karine Delord, Charline Parenteau, Cécile Ribout, Frédéric Angelier |
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Title |
Do repeated captures and handling affect phenotype and survival of growing Snow Petrel (Pagodroma nivea)? |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
637-646 |
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Abstract |
In vertebrates, developmental conditions can affect not only fledging success but also the phenotype of the offspring, with potential long-term consequences on adult performance. However, surprisingly the potential impact of anthropogenic disturbance on developing chicks is rarely investigated, notably in Antarctic wildlife. In this study, we specifically investigated the effects of repeated nest visits, capture, and handling on offspring survival and several complementary offspring phenotypic traits in the Snow Petrel (Pagodroma nivea) chicks after thermal emancipation. We did not find any significant effect of our disturbance protocol on the morphology (body size, body mass, body condition), the physiology (breath rate, stress-induced corticosterone levels) and the behaviour (defense behaviour) of developing Snow Petrels. This specific disturbance protocol did not have any significant effect on chick survival, but there was a non-significant trend towards a lower survival for the disturbed group (p = 0.1006), which showed an especially high mortality during a period of repeated snow storms. To conclude, investigator disturbance seems to have little effect on Snow Petrel chicks after thermal emancipation, but to remain cautious, we recommend to avoid capture and handling of Snow Petrel chicks during or soon after inclement weather. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
1432-2056 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7661 |
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Author |
T. Ouisse, E. Day, L. Laville, F. Hendrickx, P. Convey, D. Renault |
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Title |
Effects of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of a carabid beetle invading the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1234 |
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Abstract |
Climatic changes can induce geographic expansion and altitudinal shifts in the distribution of invasive species by offering more thermally suitable habitats. At the remote sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands, the predatory insect Merizodus soledadinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), introduced in 1913, rapidly invaded coastal habitats. More recent colonisation of higher elevation habitats by this species could be underlain by their increased thermal suitability as the area has warmed. This study compared the effect of elevational range shift on the morphology and physiology of adult M. soledadinus sampled along two altitudinal transects (from the foreshore to 250 m a.s.l.) and a horizontal lowland transect orthogonal to the seashore (400 m length). Although high inter-individual and inter-transect variations in the traits examined were present, we observed that body mass of males and females tended to decrease with elevation, and that triglyceride contents decreased with distance from the shore. Moreover, protein contents of females as well as those of 26 metabolites were influenced significantly by distance to the foreshore. These results suggest that future climate change at the Kerguelen Islands will further assist the colonisation of lowland inland and higher altitude habitats by this aggressively invasive predator, by making previously sub-optimal habitats progressively more suitable. |
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136 |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7662 |
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Author |
Liubomira Romanova, Charles Stépanoff, Norbert Telmon, Eric Crubézy |
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Title |
Health access inequities and magic medicine: the first ancient evidence? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
395 |
Issue |
10233 |
Pages |
1343-1344 |
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Abstract |
Inequities in access to the latest advances in health care and effective drugs constitute public health problems today,1 but was this also the case in ancient societies when practitioners used traditional medicines with limited means? The excavation of frozen graves in Yakutia (present day eastern Siberia, Russia) dating from 1700 CE2 led to the identification of a woman, buried almost naked, covered with a magnificent robe and with half a horse bit in her mouth (figure). The other half of the horse bit was found in the trunk behind her head with her earrings, bracelets, and signet rings. |
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Programme |
1038 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
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ISBN |
0140-6736, 1474-547X |
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yes |
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Serial |
7666 |
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Author |
Ross J. Turner, Martin Gal, Mark A. Hemer, Anya M. Reading |
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Title |
Impacts of the Cryosphere and Atmosphere on Observed Microseisms Generated in the Southern Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e2019JF005354 |
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Abstract |
The Southern Ocean (in the region 60–180° E) south of the Indian Ocean, Australia, and the West Pacific is noted for the frequent occurrence and severity of its storms. These storms give rise to high-amplitude secondary microseisms from sources, including the deep ocean regions, and primary microseisms where the swells impinge on submarine topographic features. A better understanding of the varying microseism wavefield enables improvements to seismic imaging and development of proxy observables to complement sparse in situ wave observations and hindcast models of the global ocean wave climate. We analyze 12–26 years of seismic data from 11 seismic stations either on the East Antarctic coast or sited in the Indian Ocean, Australia, and New Zealand. The power spectral density of the seismic wavefield is calculated to explore how the time-changing microseism intensity varies with (i) sea ice coverage surrounding Antarctica and (ii) the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) climate index. Variations in sea ice extent are found to be the dominant control on the microseism intensity at Antarctic stations, which exhibit a seasonal pattern phase-shifted by 4–5 months compared to stations in other continents. Peaks in extremal intensity at East Antarctic stations occur in March–April, with the highest peaks for secondary microseisms occurring during negative SAM events. This relationship between microseism intensity and the SAM index is opposite to that observed on the Antarctic Peninsula. This work informs the complexity of microseism amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and assists ongoing interdisciplinary investigations of interannual variability and long-term trends. |
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133 |
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ISSN |
2169-9011 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7668 |
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Author |
Frédéric Angelier, Olivier Chastel, Adam Z. Lendvai, Charline Parenteau, Henri Weimerskirch, John C. Wingfield |
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Title |
When do older birds better resist stress? A study of the corticosterone stress response in snow petrels |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
20190733 |
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Abstract |
Life-history theory predicts that, to optimize their fitness, individuals should increase their reproductive effort as their residual reproductive value decreases. Accordingly, several studies have shown that individuals downregulate their glucocorticoid stress response (a proxy of reproductive investment in vertebrates) as they age, and as the subsequent reproductive value decreases. However, and surprisingly, results appear inconsistent, suggesting that the environmental context or the individual state may affect the relationship between age and reproductive effort. Here, we tested for the first time this hypothesis, and more specifically, whether this attenuation of the corticosterone stress response with advancing age depends on the energetic status of individuals. We compared the influence of age on the corticosterone stress response between fasting and non-fasting breeding snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea), an extremely long-lived bird. As expected, we found that the corticosterone stress response was attenuated in old petrels, but only when they were not fasting. Interestingly, this pattern was not apparent in fasting petrels, suggesting that old birds downregulate their corticosterone stress response and increase their parental investment only when they are in good body condition. At the ultimate level, old individuals may maintain a strong corticosterone stress response when fasting because the survival costs of increased stress resistance and parental effort might then outweigh their reproductive benefits. |
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Programme |
109 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Publisher |
Royal Society |
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yes |
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Serial |
7669 |
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Author |
Hannah Joy Kriesell, Céline Le Bohec, Alexander F. Cerwenka, Moritz Hertel, Jean-Patrice Robin, Bernhard Ruthensteiner, Manfred Gahr, Thierry Aubin, Daniel Normen Düring |
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Title |
Vocal tract anatomy of king penguins: morphological traits of two-voiced sound production |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
5 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The astonishing variety of sounds that birds can produce has been the subject of many studies aiming to identify the underlying anatomical and physical mechanisms of sound production. An interesting feature of some bird vocalisations is the simultaneous production of two different frequencies. While most work has been focusing on songbirds, much less is known about dual-sound production in non-passerines, although their sound production organ, the syrinx, would technically allow many of them to produce “two voices”. Here, we focus on the king penguin, a colonial seabird whose calls consist of two fundamental frequency bands and their respective harmonics. The calls are produced during courtship and for partner and offspring reunions and encode the birds’ identity. We dissected, μCT-scanned and analysed the vocal tracts of six adult king penguins from Possession Island, Crozet Archipelago. |
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119,137 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1742-9994 |
ISBN |
1742-9994 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7671 |
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Author |
Helle A. Pedersen, Nicolas Leroy, Dimitri Zigone, Martin Vallée, Adam T. Ringler, David C. Wilson |
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Title |
Using Component Ratios to Detect Metadata and Instrument Problems of Seismic Stations: Examples from 18 Yr of GEOSCOPE Data |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Seismological research letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
91 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
272-286 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Replacement or deterioration of seismic instruments and the evolution of the installation conditions and sites can alter the seismic signal in very subtle ways; therefore, it is notoriously difficult to monitor the signal quality of permanent seismic stations. We present a simple way to characterize and monitor signal quality, using energy ratios between each pair of the three components, as a complement to existing methods. To calculate stable daily energy ratios over a large frequency range (0.01–5 Hz), we use the daily median energy ratio over all 5 min windows within the day. The method is applied to all GEOSCOPE stations, for continuous BH channel data collected since 2001. We show applications to identify past gain problems (stations ROCAM and CRZF), to provide feedback after field interventions at remote sites (Antarctic station DRV), and to shed light on complex instrument problems (stations ECH and KIP). Our results show that component energy ratios have excellent time resolution and that they are visually simple for identification of problems. They can be used both for ongoing continuous monitoring of the signal quality, or as a tool to identify past problems. The Python code to produce the results in this work and the Python code for daily monitoring used by GEOSCOPE are available (see Data and Resources). |
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133 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7672 |
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Permanent link to this record |