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Author |
David Renault |
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Title |
A Review of the Phenotypic Traits Associated with Insect Dispersal Polymorphism, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Insects |
Abbreviated Journal |
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11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
214 |
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Keywords |
fecundity hostile matrix life-history mating morphology movement range expansion reproduction wing-dimorphic wing-monomorphic |
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Abstract |
Dispersal represents a key life-history trait with several implications for the fitness of organisms, population dynamics and resilience, local adaptation, meta-population dynamics, range shifting, and biological invasions. Plastic and evolutionary changes of dispersal traits have been intensively studied over the past decades in entomology, in particular in wing-dimorphic insects for which literature reviews are available. Importantly, dispersal polymorphism also exists in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects, and except for butterflies, fewer syntheses are available. In this perspective, by integrating the very latest research in the fast moving field of insect dispersal ecology, this review article provides an overview of our current knowledge of dispersal polymorphism in insects. In a first part, some of the most often used experimental methodologies for the separation of dispersers and residents in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects are presented. Then, the existing knowledge on the morphological and life-history trait differences between resident and disperser phenotypes is synthetized. In a last part, the effects of range expansion on dispersal traits and performance is examined, in particular for insects from range edges and invasion fronts. Finally, some research perspectives are proposed in the last part of the review. |
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136 |
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yes |
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7656 |
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Title |
Enhancement of ocean and sea ice in situ observations in the Arctic under the Horizon2020 project INTAROS |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ocean Science Meeting 2020 |
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The H2020 project Integrated Arctic Observation System (INTAROS) aspires to increase the temporal and geographic coverage of in situ observations and add new key geophysical and biogeochemical variables in selected regions of the Arctic. By using a combination of mature and new instruments and sensors in integration with existing observatories, INTAROS aims to fill selected gaps in the present-day system and build additional capacity of the Arctic monitoring networks for ocean and sea ice. Three reference sites have been selected as key locations for monitoring ongoing Arctic changes: Costal Greenland, paramount for freshwater output from the Greenland ice sheet; North of Svalbard (covering the region from shelf to deep basin) – the hot-spot for ocean-air-sea ice interactions, and heat and biological energy input to the European Arctic; and Fram Strait – the critical gateway for exchanges between the Arctic and the World oceans. The existing observatories in the reference sites have been extended with new moorings and novel autonomous instrumentation, in particular for biogeochemical measurements and sea ice observations. Bottom-mounted instruments have been also implemented for seismic observations. A distributed observatory for ocean and sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and sub-Arctic seas includes non-stationary components such as ice-tethered observing platforms, float, gliders, and ships of opportunities, collecting multidisciplinary observations, still missing from the Arctic regions. New sensors, integrated platforms and experimental set-ups are currently under implementation during a two-year long deployment phase (2018-2020) with an aim to evaluate their sustained use in a future iAOS. New observations will be used for integration of new data products, demonstration studies and stakeholder consultations, contributing also to ongoing and future long-term initiatives (e.g. SAON). |
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1141 |
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yes |
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3811 |
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First record of Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni for Amsterdam Island, Indian Ocean |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
African Bird Club |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
1 |
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94-95 |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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3031 |
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Author |
Vincent Lesur, Aude Chambodut |
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Title |
The French network of magnetic observatories |
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Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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139 |
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yes |
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7095 |
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Author |
Razzolini Julia |
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Master |
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2020 |
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Abstract |
One of the fundamental principles of life history trait theory is the existence of trade-offs. The amount of energy available to living beings is a limited resource that must be shared among different biological functions. The combination of traits best suited to ecological constraints will be selected.
Growth is a crucial phase during which the future phenotype of the adult is established. This period between birth and the acquisition of independence from parents is characterized by very fast stature and weight growth and tissue maturation, particularly in bone and muscle. This phenomenon is marked by sustained parental nutrition. On an intraspecific scale, variations in individual chick growth may reflect the quality/experience of the parents. In some species, parental dietary intake may, regardless of quality, show wide seasonal fluctuations due to environmental changes and for developing individuals the quantity and quality of nutrients ingested and metabolized may be a limiting factor in growth. There is little information to understand the trade-offs in energy allocation that will be established to ensure survival and growth of the young in the case of inadequate dietary intakes.
The king penguin chick is an atypical animal model for the study of these strategies. This seabird has an unusually long one-year development cycle for a bird and its growth is interrupted by a period of severe food restriction during the 4 months of the southern winter. In addition, exceptionally with a penguin, the period of initiation of reproduction is asynchronous and extends over several months. A direct consequence is a shorter time of accumulation of energy reserves in late-born chicks. We aim to determine whether the particularly long cycle of this chick and the environmental constraints to which it is subjected result in particular adaptations in terms of the relative development of the two muscle belts, pelvic and pectoral, and whether this growth compromise is expressed in the same way in early and late born chicks. |
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119 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7744 |
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Title |
Towards ASTEP+, a two-color photometric telescope at Dome C, Antarctica |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII |
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Volume |
11447 |
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Pages |
114470O |
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Abstract |
Dome C, Antarctica is unique in particular for long-duration astronomical observations due to the excellent weather conditions and nearly uninterrupted nights during the Southern winter period. The 40 cm telescope ASTEP has been operating successfully at the Concordia base, at Dome C, since 2010. We describe the new ASTEP+, a major upgrade of its camera box which will allow it to observe simultaneously in two colors. Approximately three times more photons will be collected for science, yielding more sensitive and accurate observations. The southern location of the telescope means that it is ideally located to follow-up exoplanetary targets in preparation for the future JWST and Ariel observations, in particular when located in the southern continuous viewing zones of these space-based telescopes. |
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1066 |
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yes |
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7803 |
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Author |
Rajesh Janardanan, Shamil Maksyutov, Aki Tsuruta, Fenjuan Wang, Yogesh K. Tiwari, Vinu Valsala, Akihiko Ito, Yukio Yoshida, Johannes W. Kaiser, Greet Janssens-Maenhout, Mikhail Arshinov, Motoki Sasakawa, Yasunori Tohjima, Douglas E. J. Worthy, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Michel Ramonet, Jgor Arduini, Jost V. Lavric, Salvatore Piacentino, Paul B. Krummel, Ray L. Langenfelds, Ivan Mammarella, Tsuneo Matsunaga |
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Title |
Country-Scale Analysis of Methane Emissions with a High-Resolution Inverse Model Using GOSAT and Surface Observations |
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Journal |
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2020 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
375 |
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Keywords |
anthropogenic GOSAT inverse model methane emission UNFCCC wetland |
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416 |
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yes |
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7660 |
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Title |
Health access inequities and magic medicine: the first ancient evidence? |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
The Lancet |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
395 |
Issue |
10233 |
Pages |
1343-1344 |
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Abstract |
Inequities in access to the latest advances in health care and effective drugs constitute public health problems today,1 but was this also the case in ancient societies when practitioners used traditional medicines with limited means? The excavation of frozen graves in Yakutia (present day eastern Siberia, Russia) dating from 1700 CE2 led to the identification of a woman, buried almost naked, covered with a magnificent robe and with half a horse bit in her mouth (figure). The other half of the horse bit was found in the trunk behind her head with her earrings, bracelets, and signet rings. |
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1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Elsevier |
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0140-6736, 1474-547X |
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yes |
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7666 |
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When do older birds better resist stress? A study of the corticosterone stress response in snow petrels |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
20190733 |
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Abstract |
Life-history theory predicts that, to optimize their fitness, individuals should increase their reproductive effort as their residual reproductive value decreases. Accordingly, several studies have shown that individuals downregulate their glucocorticoid stress response (a proxy of reproductive investment in vertebrates) as they age, and as the subsequent reproductive value decreases. However, and surprisingly, results appear inconsistent, suggesting that the environmental context or the individual state may affect the relationship between age and reproductive effort. Here, we tested for the first time this hypothesis, and more specifically, whether this attenuation of the corticosterone stress response with advancing age depends on the energetic status of individuals. We compared the influence of age on the corticosterone stress response between fasting and non-fasting breeding snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea), an extremely long-lived bird. As expected, we found that the corticosterone stress response was attenuated in old petrels, but only when they were not fasting. Interestingly, this pattern was not apparent in fasting petrels, suggesting that old birds downregulate their corticosterone stress response and increase their parental investment only when they are in good body condition. At the ultimate level, old individuals may maintain a strong corticosterone stress response when fasting because the survival costs of increased stress resistance and parental effort might then outweigh their reproductive benefits. |
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109 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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Royal Society |
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yes |
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7669 |
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Title |
Using Component Ratios to Detect Metadata and Instrument Problems of Seismic Stations: Examples from 18 Yr of GEOSCOPE Data |
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2020 |
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Seismological research letters |
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91 |
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1 |
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272-286 |
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133 |
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yes |
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7672 |
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