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Author Moe B., Hanssen S.A., Ytrehus B., Balk L., Chastel O., Christensen-Dalsgaard S., Gustavsson H., Langset M. isbn  openurl
  Title Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study Type Book
  Year 2020 Publication Norvegian institute for nature research report Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 1720 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Moe, B., Hanssen, S. A., Ytrehus, B., Balk, L., Chastel, O., Christensen-Dalsgaard, S., Gustavsson, H. & Langset, M. 2020.Thiamine deficiency and seabirds in Norway. A pilot study. NINA Report 1720. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research. Thiamine (vitamin B1) is vital for life-sustaining enzymes in cells. Previous studies have reported episodes of thiamine deficiency in marine ecosystems, and suggested that this have contributed to population declines of seabirds breeding in the Baltic Sea and elsewhere. Many Norwegian seabird populations have shown a strong decline in population size, but thiamine status has never been assessed. The objective of this pilot study was, thus, to document thiamin levels in selected species and their associated food webs, and explore methodological issues relevant for future studies or monitoring. The methodological tests showed that storage freezing temperature did not affect thiamine levels in egg yolk samples, and that thiamine levels in eggs could not be corrected for incubation time. Furthermore, the quantified thiamine levels differed between two laboratories, and we developed a predictive equation to convert thiamine levels in egg yolk samples between the laboratories. This pilot study has, for the first time, investigated thiamine levels in seabird eggs from selected species and populations in Norway mainland and Svalbard, and in their food webs. We revealed variation among species, populations and prey types. The lowest levels were found in eggs from common eiders and in blue mussel which is their prey. Eggs from herring gulls had also relatively low levels. The levels for common eiders and herring gulls were higher than previously reported from the Baltic Sea. Nevertheless, the levels from common eiders, herring gulls and blue mussels should be classified as thiamine deficient according to effect-ranges reported in these previous studies. The highest levels were found in eggs from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. The diet samples from kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins had higher thiamine levels compared to blue mussels. This is the first time thiamine levels are reported for kittiwakes and Atlantic puffins. This pilot-study cannot answer whether Norwegian seabird population sizes are affected by thiamine levels, but we cannot rule out that thiamine can be a limiting factor for some Norwegian seabird populations. This report identifies knowledge gaps and provides recommendations for future studies and monitoring. We suggest more sampling of levels to better understand variation among years, areas, species and populations, and also clinical examinations and surveys. Studies investigating potential effects on reproduction and survival is ultimately need to better understand potential effects on population dynamics.  
  Programme 330  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN (down) 978-82-426-3471-9 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8727  
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Author Isabelle Badenhausser, Lise Chambrin, Marc Lebouvier doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Guide d'identification des plantes des îles sub-Antarctiques Crozet et Kerguelen Type Book
  Year 2020 Publication 1e édition, imprimerie nouvelle biard Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 151 p  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Programme 136  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN (down) 978-2-7380-1440-5 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7975  
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Author Alexander Winterl, Sebastian Richter, Aymeric Houstin, Anna P. Nesterova, Francesco Bonadonna, Werner Schneider, Ben Fabry, Céline Le Bohec, Daniel P. Zitterbart doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title micrObs – A customizable time-lapse camera for ecological studies Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication HardwareX Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages e00134  
  Keywords Automated camera system Collective behavior Ecology Image processing Remote sensing Wildlife monitoring  
  Abstract Camera traps for motion-triggered or continuous time-lapse recordings are readily available on the market. For demanding applications in ecology and environmental sciences, however, commercial systems often lack flexibility to freely adjust recording time intervals, suffer from mechanical component wear, and can be difficult to combine with auxiliary sensors such as GPS, weather stations, or light sensors. We present a robust time-lapse camera system that has been operating continuously since 2013 under the harsh climatic conditions of the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions. Thus far, we have recorded over one million images with individual cameras. The system consumes 122 mW of power in standby mode and captures up to 200,000 high-resolution (16 MPix) images without maintenance such as battery or image memory replacement. It offers time-lapse intervals between 2 s and 1 h, low-light or night-time power saving, and data logging capabilities for additional inputs such as GPS and weather data.  
  Programme 137  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN (down) 2468-0672 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8302  
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Author Vincent Zvénigorosky, Sylvie Duchesne, Liubomira Romanova, Patrice Gérard, Christiane Petit, Michel Petit, Anatoly Alexeev, Olga Melnichuk, Angéla Gonzalez, Jean-Luc Fausser, Aisen Solovyev, Georgii Romanov, Nikolay Barashkov, Sardana Fedorova, Bertrand Ludes, Eric Crubézy, Christine Keyser file  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title The genetic legacy of legendary and historical Siberian chieftains Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Communications Biology Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 1-9  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Seventeen years of archaeological and anthropological expeditions in North-Eastern Siberia (in the Sakha Republic, Yakutia) have permitted the genetic analysis of 150 ancient (15th-19th century) and 510 modern individuals. Almost all males were successfully analysed (Y-STR) and this allowed us to identify paternal lineages and their geographical expansion through time. This genetic data was confronted with mythological, historical and material evidence to establish the sequence of events that built the modern Yakut genetic diversity. We show that the ancient Yakuts recovered from this large collection of graves are not representative of an ancient population. Uncommonly, we were also able to demonstrate that the funerary preference observed here involved three specific male lineages, especially in the 18th century. Moreover, this dominance was likely caused by the Russian conquest of Siberia which allowed some male clans to rise to new levels of power. Finally, we give indications that some mythical and historical figures might have been the actors of those genetic changes. These results help us reconsider the genetic dynamics of colonization in some regions, question the distinction between fact and myth in national histories and provide a rare insight into a funerary ensemble by revealing the biased process of its composition.  
  Programme 1038  
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  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Bachelor's thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2399-3642 ISBN (down) 2399-3642 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7790  
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Author Julie Sansoulet, Michèle Therrien, Joseph Delgove, Guilhem Pouxviel, Julie Desriac, Noé Sardet, Jean-Paul Vanderlinden doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title An update on Inuit perceptions of their changing environment, Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin Island, Nunavut) Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue 1 Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The Inuit of Qikiqtaaluk (Baffin Island) have developed a deep respect for their natural environment and are able to report not only changes in weather, ice, and natural resources but also changes in their communities as a result of climate change. The objective of this study was to shed light on how the impacts of climate change are currently perceived in the communities of Kanngiqtugaapik, Pangniqtuuq, and Qikiqtarjuaq. In order to construct a shared knowledge base, we conducted qualitative video interviews and participated in a hunting camp with multigenerational and multigender Inuit hunters and fishers. First, Inuit continue to see the world in which they cohabit with other living things, particularly animals, as a world that they cannot control on their own—a world they must adapt to, passing learning from one generation to the next. Second, they report that changes in the ice have been among the major and most important transformations to have occurred in recent decades. Observations made by these local populations also indicate changes in hunted species, with fewer caribou and narwhal, more birds, insects, and fish, including from more southerly regions, and an uncertainty about polar bear populations. Seal hunting remains stable, and this meat is still the most popular and healthy food, physically and psychologically. Third, sociological and economic changes (e.g., lifestyle change, monetary economies, quotas), in addition to environmental changes (e.g., climate change, species change), have had a significant impact on food harvesting activities as well as food consumption in the region. A final perspective concerns the needs of the Qikiqtaaluk communities to further develop collaboration with scientists. This need for partnership is not only perceived as a scientific necessity but also recognized by Inuit as essential to their communities, with some local leaders ready to work toward a fruitful collaboration.  
  Programme 1164  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2325-1026 ISBN (down) 2325-1026 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8117  
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Author Lisa C. Matthes, C. J. Mundy, S. L.-Girard, M. Babin, G. Verin, J. K. Ehn doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Spatial Heterogeneity as a Key Variable Influencing Spring-Summer Progression in UVR and PAR Transmission Through Arctic Sea Ice Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Marine Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 183  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The transmission of ultraviolet (UVR) and photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) through sea ice is a key factor controlling under-ice phytoplankton growth in seasonally ice-covered waters. The increase toward sufficient light levels for positive net photosynthesis occurs concurrently with the sea ice melt progression in late spring when ice surface conditions shift from a relatively homogeneous high-albedo snow cover to a less reflective mosaic of bare ice and melt ponds. Here, we present a detailed dataset on the spatial and temporal progression of transmitted UVR and PAR in relation to changing quantities of snow, sea ice and melt ponds. Data were collected with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the GreenEdge landfast sea ice campaign in June–July 2016 in southwestern Baffin Bay. Over the course of melt progression, there was a 10-fold increase in spatially averaged UVR and PAR transmission through the sea ice cover, reaching a maximum transmission of 31% for PAR, 7% for UVB, and 26% for UVA radiation. The depth under the sea ice experiencing spatial variability in light levels due to the influence of surface heterogeneity in snow, white ice and melt pond distributions increased from 7 ± 4 to 20 ± 6 m over our study. Phytoplankton drifting in under-ice surface waters were thus exposed to variations in PAR availability of up to 43%, highlighting the importance to account for spatial heterogeneity in light transmission through melting sea ice. Consequently, we demonstrate that spatial averages of PAR transmission provided more representative light availability estimates to explain under-ice bloom progression relative to single point irradiance measurements during the sea ice melt season. Encouragingly, the strong dichotomy between white ice and melt pond PAR transmittance and surface albedo permitted a very good estimate of spatially averaged light transmission from drone imagery of the surface and point transmittance measurements beneath different ice surface types.  
  Programme 1164  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-7745 ISBN (down) 2296-7745 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8114  
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Author Alexey Lyubushin doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Global Seismic Noise Entropy Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Frontiers in Earth Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 558  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Data of continuous records of low-frequency (periods from 2 to 1,000 min) seismic noise on a global network of 229 broadband stations located around the world for 23 years, 1997–2019, are analyzed. The daily values of the entropy of the distribution of the squares of the orthogonal wavelet coefficients are considered as an informative characteristic of noise. An auxiliary network of 50 reference points is introduced, the positions of which are determined from the clustering of station positions. For each reference point, a time series is calculated, consisting of 8,400 samples with a time step of 1 day, the values of which are determined as the medians of the entropy values at the five nearest stations that are operable during the given day. The introduction of a system of reference points makes it possible to estimate temporal and spatial changes in the correlation of noise entropy values around the world. Estimation in an annual sliding time window revealed a time interval from mid-2002 to mid-2003, when there was an abrupt change in the properties of global noise and an intensive increase in both average entropy correlations and spatial correlation scales began. This trend continues until the end of 2019, and it is interpreted as a feature of seismic noise which is connected with an increase in the intensity of the strongest earthquakes, which began with the Sumatran mega-earthquake of December 26, 2004 (M = 9.3). The values of the correlation function between the logarithm of the released seismic energy and the bursts of coherence between length of day and the entropy of seismic noise in the annual time window indicate the delay in the release of seismic energy relative to the coherence maxima. This lag is interpreted as a manifestation of the triggering effect of the irregular rotation of the Earth on the increase in global seismic hazard.  
  Programme 133  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2296-6463 ISBN (down) 2296-6463 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7889  
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Author Olivier Gilg, Loïc Bollache, Eve Afonso, Glenn Yannic, Niels Martin Schmidt, Lars Holst Hansen, Jannik Hansen, Benoît Sittler, Johannes Lang, Nicolas Meyer, Brigitte Sabard, Vladimir Gilg, Anita Lang, Mathilde Lebbar, Voitto Haukisalmi, Heikki Henttonen, Jérôme Moreau doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Are gastrointestinal parasites associated with the cyclic population dynamics of their arctic lemming hosts? Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 10 Issue Pages 6-12  
  Keywords Cestodes Eimerians Faecal prevalence Greenland Population dynamics Rodent-parasites interactions  
  Abstract Many rodents, including most populations of arctic lemmings (genus Dicrostonyx and Lemmus), have cyclic population dynamics. Among the numerous hypotheses which have been proposed and tested to explain this typical characteristic of some terrestrial vertebrate communities, trophic interactions have often been presented as the most likely drivers of these periodic fluctuations. The possible role of parasites has, however, only seldom been assessed. In this study, we genetically measured the prevalence of two endoparasite taxa, eimerians and cestodes, in 372 faecal samples from collared lemmings, over a five year period and across three distant sites in Northeast Greenland. Prevalence of cestodes was low (2.7% over all sites and years) and this taxon was only found at one site (although in 4 out of 5 years) in adult hosts. By contrast, we found high prevalence for eimerians (77.7% over all sites and years), which occurred at all sites, in every year, for both age classes (at the Hochstetter Forland site where both adult and juvenile faeces were collected) and regardless of reproductive and social status inferred from the characteristics of the lemming nests where the samples had been collected. Prevalence of eimerians significantly varied among years (not among sites) and was higher for juvenile than for adult lemmings at the Hochstetter Forland site. However, higher prevalence of eimerians (Pt) was only associated with lower lemming density (Nt) at one of the three sites and we found no delayed density dependence between Nt and Pt+1 to support the parasite hypothesis. Our results show that there is no clear relation between lemming density and eimerian faecal prevalence in Northeast Greenland and hence no evidence that eimerians could be driving the cyclic population dynamics of collared lemmings in this region.  
  Programme 1036  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2213-2244 ISBN (down) 2213-2244 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7616  
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Author Matthis Auger, Rosemary Morrow, Elodie Kestenare, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Rebecca Cowley doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 12 Issue 1 Pages 514  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Despite playing a major role in global ocean heat storage, the Southern Ocean remains the most sparsely measured region of the global ocean. Here, a unique 25-year temperature time-series of the upper 800 m, repeated several times a year across the Southern Ocean, allows us to document the long-term change within water-masses and how it compares to the interannual variability. Three regions stand out as having strong trends that dominate over interannual variability: warming of the subantarctic waters (0.29 ± 0.09 °C per decade); cooling of the near-surface subpolar waters (−0.07 ± 0.04 °C per decade); and warming of the subsurface subpolar deep waters (0.04 ± 0.01 °C per decade). Although this subsurface warming of subpolar deep waters is small, it is the most robust long-term trend of our section, being in a region with weak interannual variability. This robust warming is associated with a large shoaling of the maximum temperature core in the subpolar deep water (39 ± 09 m per decade), which has been significantly underestimated by a factor of 3 to 10 in past studies. We find temperature changes of comparable magnitude to those reported in Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas, which calls for a reconsideration of current ocean changes with important consequences for our understanding of future Antarctic ice-sheet mass loss.  
  Programme 694  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2041-1723 ISBN (down) 2041-1723 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 7837  
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Author Charles Amory doi  isbn
openurl 
  Title Drifting-snow statistics from multiple-year autonomous measurements in Adélie Land, East Antarctica Type Journal
  Year 2020 Publication The Cryosphere Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 14 Issue 5 Pages 1713-1725  
  Keywords  
  Abstract

Abstract. Drifting snow is a widespread feature over the Antarctic ice sheet, whose climatological and hydrological significance at the continental scale have been consequently investigated through modelling and satellite approaches. While field measurements are needed to evaluate and interpret model and satellite products, most drifting-snow observation campaigns in Antarctica involved data collected at a single location and over short time periods. With the aim of acquiring new data relevant to the observation and modelling of drifting snow in Antarctic conditions, two remote locations in coastal Adélie Land (East Antarctica) that are 100 km apart were instrumented in January 2010 with meteorological and second-generation IAV Engineering acoustic FlowCapt™ sensors. The data, provided nearly continuously so far, constitute the longest dataset of autonomous near-surface (i.e. within 2 m) measurements of drifting snow currently available over the Antarctic continent. This paper presents an assessment of drifting-snow occurrences and snow mass transport from up to 9 years (2010–2018) of half-hourly observational records collected in one of the Antarctic regions most prone to snow transport by wind. The dataset is freely available to the scientific community and can be used to complement satellite products and evaluate snow-transport models close to the surface and at high temporal frequency.

 
  Programme 1013  
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  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1994-0416 ISBN (down) 1994-0416 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Serial 8071  
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