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Eugénie Tessier, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
Behavioural adjustments during foraging in two diving seabirds: king and macaroni penguins |
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2020 |
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Marine Biology |
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167 |
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9 |
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138 |
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Optimal foraging theory predicts that diving predators should maximise their energy intake while minimizing the costs of their foraging activities at depth. This hypothesis was tested in two breath-hold divers that foraged in the pelagic waters off Kerguelen Island, southern Indian Ocean. Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) feed predominately on crustaceans at moderate depths (ca. 50 m), while king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) feed on mesopelagic fish at deep depths (ca. 100–150 m). We instrumented 22 penguins with time-depth recorders during the breeding season of the 2014 southern summer, just before they went to sea. Birds were recaptured after one to five foraging trips and the dive data were analysed on the level of single dive cycles and entire dive bouts. Both species adjusted their diving behaviour and modulated their foraging activity in accordance with their experience in their previous dives. Foraging activity during a dive (in terms of number of wiggles per dive) was greater if birds targeted the same depth as the previous dive. The penguins spent less time at the surface between two prey capture attempt dives than when a prey capture attempt dive was preceded by a non-prey capture attempt dive. Dive bout analyses showed that foraging activity increased with bout duration, while transit time during dives decreased with bout duration. Our findings are in general agreement with predictions based on optimal foraging models. The results suggest that penguins anticipated the depth of their next dive based on their encounter of a prey patch in the previous dive and optimized their chances of feeding success by spending minimal time at the surface and in transit to the patch depth. Once penguins detected a prey patch, these behavioural adjustments allowed them to rapidly return to that patch, increasing their chances of feeding again before the prey disperses. |
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7737 |
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Téchiné P., G. Alory, L. Testut, L'us-imago Brest &Amp; Nouméa Et La Dt/insu Brest. |
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ROSAME / SSS – Gestion d'observations océanographiques |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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Journées Développement Logiciel (JDEV), 6-10 juillet 2020, visioconférence |
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7746 |
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Duc Marine |
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Déclencher par la mise à distance ? Saisir l'expérience de la salle de classe par le story telling, politique des petites histoires et retour critique sur une initiative méthodologique |
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2020 |
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Colloque “l’éducation en situation migratoire”, 12-13 novembre 2020, Suresnes |
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Nb: Postponed Due To Covid Crisis |
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1213 |
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7749 |
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Do Rosario Valentin |
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Ecological, biological and physiological effects of climate change on insect species. Master 1 EFCE, Université de Rennes 1 (Encadrement : D. Renault) |
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Master 1 |
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2020 |
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Rapport de l'université de Rennes 1 |
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7753 |
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Chelsea Ward |
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Examining the effect of experimentally induced stress and the stress response on eye region surface temperature in wild king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) (supervisors P Bize and A Lewden) |
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Master 1 |
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2020 |
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119 |
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7755 |
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Moynard Fanny |
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L’exposition des insectes aux insecticides accroît-elle leur sensibilité au réchauffement climatique? Master 1 EFCE, Université de Rennes 1 (Encadrement: D. Renault) |
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Master 1 |
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2020 |
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Rapport de l'université de Rennes 1 |
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7757 |
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Eymar-Dauphin Pauline |
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Réponses des plantes aquatiques des Iles Kerguelen à l’intensification des contraintes thermiques de leur habitat. Approche par les hypervolumes. Master 2 ECOMONT, Université de Savoie Mont-Blanc (encadrement : A.-K. Bittebiere) |
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Master 2 |
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2020 |
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Rapport de l'université de Lyon 1 |
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7759 |
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Author |
Korbinian Sager, Christian Boehm, Laura Ermert, Lion Krischer, Andreas Fichtner |
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Title |
Global-Scale Full-Waveform Ambient Noise Inversion |
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2020 |
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Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth |
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125 |
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4 |
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e2019JB018644 |
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computational seismology full-waveform inversion global tomography interferometry seismic noise |
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Abstract |
We present the first application of full-waveform ambient noise inversion to observed correlation functions that jointly constrains 3-D Earth structure and heterogeneous noise sources. For this, we model and interpret ambient noise correlations as recordings of correlation wavefields, which completely eliminates the limiting assumptions of Green's function retrieval, such as equipartitioning and homogeneous random noise sources. Our method accounts for seismic wave propagation physics in 3-D heterogeneous and attenuating media and also for the heterogeneous and nonstationary nature of the ambient noise field. Designed as a proof of concept, the study considers long periods from 100 to 300 s, thus focusing on the Earth's hum. Treating correlations as self-consistent observables allows us to make separate measurements on the causal and acausal branches of correlation functions, without any need to choose one of them or form the average. We validate our approach by assessing the quality of the obtained models and by comparing them to previous studies. This work is a step toward the establishment of full-waveform ambient noise inversion as a tomographic technique with the goal to go beyond ambient noise tomography based on Green's function retrieval. |
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2169-9356 |
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7794 |
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F. Pitout, A. Marchaudon, K. J. Trattner, J. Berchem, H. Laakso, C. P. Escoubet |
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Simultaneous Polar and Cluster Observations in the Northern and Southern Middle-Altitude Polar Cusps Around Equinox |
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2020 |
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Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics |
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125 |
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12 |
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e2020JA028346 |
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dayside magnetosphere hemispheric asymmetry polar cusp |
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We present an event of simultaneous observations of the northern and southern middle-altitude polar cusps by the Polar spacecraft and Cluster fleet that occurred on 23 September 2004. We examine the possible asymmetries in the fields and plasma parameters, although the proximity of the equinox should limit these asymmetries. Ion sensors reveal two dispersions in both cusps, and data analysis leads to the conclusion that those dispersions are due to pulsed reconnection at a single X-line, which runs along the subsolar magnetopause. While the electromagnetic and particle energy fluxes injected in both cusp are globally very similar, we report significant differences in ion dispersions, width of the low-latitude boundary layer, and peak convection velocities. We ascribe these differences to the dipole tilt that introduces an asymmetry in the magnetosheath flow at the exterior cusps. |
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2169-9402 |
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6363 |
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Léo Bosse, Jean Lilensten, Nicolas Gillet, Sylvain Rochat, Alain Delboulbé, Stephane Curaba, Alain Roux, Yves Magnard, Magnar G. Johnsen, Unni-Pia Løvhaug, Pierre-Olivier Amblard, Nicolas Le Bihan, Maxime Nabon, Hanane Marif, Frédérique Auriol, Camille Noûs |
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On the nightglow polarisation for space weather exploration |
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2020 |
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Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate |
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10 |
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35 |
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polarisation / aurora |
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We present here observations of the polarisation of four auroral lines in the auroral oval and in the polar cusp using a new ground polarimeter called Petit Cru. Our results confirm the already known polarisation of the red line, and show for the first time that the three other lines observed here (namely 557.7 nm, 391.4 nm and 427.8 nm) are polarised as well up to a few percent. We show that in several circumstances, this polarisation is linked to the local magnetic activity and to the state of the ionosphere through the electron density measured with EISCAT. However, we also show that the contribution of light pollution from nearby cities via scattering can not be ignored and can play an important role in polarisation measurements. This series of observations questions the geophysical origin of the polarisation. It also leaves open its relation to the magnetic field orientation and to the state of both the upper atmosphere and the troposphere. |
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7796 |
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