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Dorothée Ehrich, Niels M. Schmidt, Gilles Gauthier, Ray Alisauskas, Anders Angerbjörn, Karin Clark, Frauke Ecke, Nina E. Eide, Erik Framstad, Jay Frandsen, Alastair Franke, Olivier Gilg, Marie-Andrée Giroux, Heikki Henttonen, Birger Hörnfeldt, Rolf A. Ims, Gennadiy D. Kataev, Sergey P. Kharitonov, Siw T. Killengreen, Charles J. Krebs, Richard B. Lanctot, Nicolas Lecomte, Irina E. Menyushina, Douglas W. Morris, Guy Morrisson, Lauri Oksanen, Tarja Oksanen, Johan Olofsson, Ivan G. Pokrovsky, Igor Yu. Popov, Donald Reid, James D. Roth, Sarah T. Saalfeld, Gustaf Samelius, Benoit Sittler, Sergey M. Sleptsov, Paul A. Smith, Aleksandr A. Sokolov, Natalya A. Sokolova, Mikhail Y. Soloviev, Diana V. Solovyeva |
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Title |
Documenting lemming population change in the Arctic: Can we detect trends? |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ambio |
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49 |
Issue |
3 |
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786-800 |
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Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective. |
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1036 |
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1654-7209 |
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yes |
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7646 |
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Duc Marine |
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Title |
Déclencher par la mise à distance ? Saisir l'expérience de la salle de classe par le story telling, politique des petites histoires et retour critique sur une initiative méthodologique |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
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Colloque “l’éducation en situation migratoire”, 12-13 novembre 2020, Suresnes |
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Nb: Postponed Due To Covid Crisis |
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1213 |
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yes |
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7749 |
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Author |
Dupuis E., Sultan E. |
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Title |
HABIT-ANT ? Habiter – et être habité par – l’Antarctique (IPEV 1237) |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
Publication |
16émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 22-23 septembre 2020, la rochelle, france |
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1237 |
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yes |
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8053 |
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Author |
E. Aristidi, A. Agabi, L. Abe, E. Fossat, A. Ziad, D. Mékarnia |
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Title |
Dome C coherence time statistics from DIMM data |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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Volume |
496 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
4822-4826 |
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Keywords |
Astrophysics – Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
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Abstract |
We present a reanalysis of several years of DIMM data at the site of Dome C, Antarctica, to provide measurements of the coherence time $\tau0$. Statistics and seasonal behaviour of $\tau0$ are given at two heights above the ground, 3m and 8m, for the wavelength $\lambda=500$nm. We found an annual median value of $2.9$ms at the height of 8m. A few measurements could also be obtained at the height of 20m and give a median value of 6ms during the period June--September. For the first time, we provide measurements of $\tau0$ in daytime during the summer, which appears to show the same time dependence as the seeing with a sharp maximum at 5pm local time. Exceptional values of $\tau0$ above 10ms are met at this particular moment. The continuous slow variations of turbulence conditions during the day offers a natural test bed for a solar adaptive optics system. |
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1066 |
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0035-8711, 1365-2966 |
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0035-8711, 1365-2966 |
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yes |
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7825 |
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Author |
E. Crubezy, O. Melnichuk, A. Alexeev |
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Title |
Archaelogy, genetics and history 15 years of research in Yakutia (2002–2017) |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii |
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Issue |
4 (51) |
Pages |
110-119 |
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Abstract |
For the past 15 years, our research has focused on the evolution of the first Yakut populations, their interaction with local tribes as well as with the Russian population, which marks the beginning of Yakutia's development from the first half of the 17th century. We conducted the excavation of tombs and we analysed the cultural, historical and paleogenetic data uncovered. A review and a synthesis of the main results published in articles and monographs informs our research directions for the future. |
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Programme |
1038 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1811-7465 |
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yes |
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7936 |
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Author |
Encelyn Voisine, Yann Rolland, Matthias Bernet, Julien Carcaillet, Guillaume Duclaux, Jérôme Bascou, Christian Sue, Mélanie Balvay, René-Pierre Ménot |
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Title |
Antarctic erosion history reconstructed by Terre Adélie moraine geochronology |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
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1-14 |
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cosmogenic nuclide dating deglaciation exhumation fission-track dating Late Palaeozoic Ice Age subglacial incision |
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Abstract |
We report apatite fission-track and 10Be terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) dating of 14 moraine boulders originating from inland Terre Adélie, East Antarctica. These data show cooling of the Proterozoic Terre Adélie craton at < ~120°C between 350 and 300 Ma, suggesting > 4 km temperate glacial erosion during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age, followed by nearly null Mesozoic erosion and low glacial erosion (< 2 km) in the Cenozoic. Based on glacial flux maps, the origin of the boulders may be located ~400 km upstream. Preliminary TCN (10Be) datings of moraine boulders cluster within the last 30 ka. Cosmogenic ages from the Lacroix Nunatak suggest a main deglaciation after the Younger Dryas at c. 10 ka, while those of Cap Prud'homme mostly cluster at 0.6 ka, in agreement with an exhumation of boulders during the Little Ice Age. |
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1003 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7692 |
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Author |
Étienne Vignon, Ghislain Picard, Claudio Durán-Alarcón, Simon P. Alexander, Hubert Gallée, Alexis Berne |
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Title |
Gravity Wave Excitation during the Coastal Transition of an Extreme Katabatic Flow in Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences |
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Volume |
77 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1295-1312 |
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Abstract |
The offshore extent of Antarctic katabatic winds exerts a strong control on the production of sea ice and the formation of polynyas. In this study, we make use of a combination of ground-based remotely sensed and meteorological measurements at Dumont d’Urville (DDU) station, satellite images, and simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model to analyze a major katabatic wind event in Adélie Land. Once well developed over the slope of the ice sheet, the katabatic flow experiences an abrupt transition near the coastal edge consisting of a sharp increase in the boundary layer depth, a sudden decrease in wind speed, and a decrease in Froude number from 3.5 to 0.3. This so-called katabatic jump manifests as a turbulent “wall” of blowing snow in which updrafts exceed 5 m s−1. The wall reaches heights of 1000 m and its horizontal extent along the coast is more than 400 km. By destabilizing the boundary layer downstream, the jump favors the trapping of a gravity wave train—with a horizontal wavelength of 10.5 km—that develops in a few hours. The trapped gravity waves exert a drag that considerably slows down the low-level outflow. Moreover, atmospheric rotors form below the first wave crests. The wind speed record measured at DDU in 2017 (58.5 m s−1) is due to the vertical advection of momentum by a rotor. A statistical analysis of observations at DDU reveals that katabatic jumps and low-level trapped gravity waves occur frequently over coastal Adélie Land. It emphasizes the important role of such phenomena in the coastal Antarctic dynamics. |
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0 |
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0022-4928, 1520-0469 |
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yes |
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7996 |
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Author |
Eugénie Tessier, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
Behavioural adjustments during foraging in two diving seabirds: king and macaroni penguins |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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167 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
138 |
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Abstract |
Optimal foraging theory predicts that diving predators should maximise their energy intake while minimizing the costs of their foraging activities at depth. This hypothesis was tested in two breath-hold divers that foraged in the pelagic waters off Kerguelen Island, southern Indian Ocean. Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) feed predominately on crustaceans at moderate depths (ca. 50 m), while king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) feed on mesopelagic fish at deep depths (ca. 100–150 m). We instrumented 22 penguins with time-depth recorders during the breeding season of the 2014 southern summer, just before they went to sea. Birds were recaptured after one to five foraging trips and the dive data were analysed on the level of single dive cycles and entire dive bouts. Both species adjusted their diving behaviour and modulated their foraging activity in accordance with their experience in their previous dives. Foraging activity during a dive (in terms of number of wiggles per dive) was greater if birds targeted the same depth as the previous dive. The penguins spent less time at the surface between two prey capture attempt dives than when a prey capture attempt dive was preceded by a non-prey capture attempt dive. Dive bout analyses showed that foraging activity increased with bout duration, while transit time during dives decreased with bout duration. Our findings are in general agreement with predictions based on optimal foraging models. The results suggest that penguins anticipated the depth of their next dive based on their encounter of a prey patch in the previous dive and optimized their chances of feeding success by spending minimal time at the surface and in transit to the patch depth. Once penguins detected a prey patch, these behavioural adjustments allowed them to rapidly return to that patch, increasing their chances of feeding again before the prey disperses. |
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394 |
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ISSN |
1432-1793 |
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yes |
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7737 |
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Author |
Eva Fuglei, John-André Henden, Chris T. Callahan, Olivier Gilg, Jannik Hansen, Rolf A. Ims, Arkady P. Isaev, Johannes Lang, Carol L. McIntyre, Richard A. Merizon, Oleg Y. Mineev, Yuri N. Mineev, Dave Mossop, Olafur K. Nielsen, Erlend B. Nilsen, Åshild Ønvik Pedersen, Niels Martin Schmidt, Benoît Sittler, Maria Hørnell Willebrand, Kathy Martin |
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Title |
Circumpolar status of Arctic ptarmigan: Population dynamics and trends |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ambio |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
749-761 |
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Abstract |
Rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) are Arctic birds with a circumpolar distribution but there is limited knowledge about their status and trends across their circumpolar distribution. Here, we compiled information from 90 ptarmigan study sites from 7 Arctic countries, where almost half of the sites are still monitored. Rock ptarmigan showed an overall negative trend on Iceland and Greenland, while Svalbard and Newfoundland had positive trends, and no significant trends in Alaska. For willow ptarmigan, there was a negative trend in mid-Sweden and eastern Russia, while northern Fennoscandia, North America and Newfoundland had no significant trends. Both species displayed some periods with population cycles (short 3–6 years and long 9–12 years), but cyclicity changed through time for both species. We propose that simple, cost-efficient systematic surveys that capture the main feature of ptarmigan population dynamics can form the basis for citizen science efforts in order to fill knowledge gaps for the many regions that lack systematic ptarmigan monitoring programs. |
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1036 |
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1654-7209 |
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1654-7209 |
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yes |
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7630 |
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Author |
Eveline Pinseel, Steven B. Janssens, Elie Verleyen, Pieter Vanormelingen, Tyler J. Kohler, Elisabeth M. Biersma, Koen Sabbe, Bart Van de Vijver, Wim Vyverman |
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Title |
Global radiation in a rare biosphere soil diatom |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2382 |
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Keywords |
Biogeography Phylogenetics Speciation |
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Abstract |
Soil micro-organisms drive the global carbon and nutrient cycles that underlie essential ecosystem functions. Yet, we are only beginning to grasp the drivers of terrestrial microbial diversity and biogeography, which presents a substantial barrier to understanding community dynamics and ecosystem functioning. This is especially true for soil protists, which despite their functional significance have received comparatively less interest than their bacterial counterparts. Here, we investigate the diversification of Pinnularia borealis, a rare biosphere soil diatom species complex, using a global sampling of >800 strains. We document unprecedented high levels of species-diversity, reflecting a global radiation since the Eocene/Oligocene global cooling. Our analyses suggest diversification was largely driven by colonization of novel geographic areas and subsequent evolution in isolation. These results illuminate our understanding of how protist diversity, biogeographical patterns, and members of the rare biosphere are generated, and suggest allopatric speciation to be a powerful mechanism for diversification of micro-organisms. |
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136,1167 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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2041-1723 |
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yes |
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8269 |
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