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Chastel O |
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Title |
Contaminants of Growing Concern: Poly- and Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) and their Physiological Consequences in Seabirds |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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SETAC North-America 41st Annual Meeting, Fort Worth, TX, USA (15-19 November 2020), virtual |
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330 |
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yes |
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8035 |
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Chastel O |
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Title |
Des polluants préoccupants : Les substances poly et perfluoroalkylées (PFAS) et leurs effets sur les oiseaux marins polaires |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2020 |
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16émes journées scientifiques du CNFRA, 22-23 septembre 2020, La Rochelle, France |
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330 |
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yes |
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8047 |
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Chelsea Ward |
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Title |
Examining the effect of experimentally induced stress and the stress response on eye region surface temperature in wild king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) (supervisors P Bize and A Lewden) |
Type |
Master 1 |
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Year |
2020 |
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119 |
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7755 |
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Chengsheng Zhu, Maximilian Miller, Nicholas Lusskin, Benoît Bergk Pinto, Lorrie Maccario, Max Häggblom, Timothy Vogel, Catherine Larose, Yana Bromberg |
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Title |
Snow microbiome functional analyses reveal novel aspects of microbial metabolism of complex organic compounds |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
MicrobiologyOpen |
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9 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e1100 |
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Keywords |
metagenome metatranscriptome mi-faser snow microbiome |
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Abstract |
Microbes active in extreme cold are not as well explored as those of other extreme environments. Studies have revealed a substantial microbial diversity and identified cold-specific microbiome molecular functions. We analyzed the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 20 snow samples collected in early and late spring in Svalbard, Norway using mi-faser, our read-based computational microbiome function annotation tool. Our results reveal a more diverse microbiome functional capacity and activity in the early- vs. late-spring samples. We also find that functional dissimilarity between the same-sample metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly higher in early than late spring samples. These findings suggest that early spring samples may contain a larger fraction of DNA of dormant (or dead) organisms, while late spring samples reflect a new, metabolically active community. We further show that the abundance of sequencing reads mapping to the fatty acid synthesis-related microbial pathways in late spring metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly correlated with the organic acid levels measured in these samples. Similarly, the organic acid levels correlate with the pathway read abundances of geraniol degradation and inversely correlate with those of styrene degradation, suggesting a possible nutrient change. Our study thus highlights the activity of microbial degradation pathways of complex organic compounds previously unreported at low temperatures. |
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1192 |
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2045-8827 |
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yes |
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7964 |
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Christophe Barbraud, Adrien Chaigne, Maxime Loubon, Olivier Lamy, Fabrice Le Bouard |
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An estimate of the South Georgia diving petrel Pelecanoides georgicus population at Ile de la Possession, Crozet archipelago |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Antarctic Science |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
248-254 |
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Keywords |
acoustic playback burrowing petrel detection probability distance sampling Procellariiformes |
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Abstract |
Burrow-nesting seabirds constitute an important part of seabird diversity, yet accurate estimates of their abundance are largely lacking, limiting our understanding of their population dynamics and conservation status. We conducted a survey to estimate the number of South Georgia diving petrel (Pelecanoides georgicus) burrows during the 2013–14 breeding season on Ile de la Possession, Crozet archipelago, southern Indian Ocean. We used distance sampling and acoustic playback in order to estimate burrow densities in a priori-selected favourable nesting areas. A total of 855 burrows were detected. The mean altitude of burrows was 601.8 ± 69.4 m. The mean burrow detection distance was 1.77 ± 1.63 m. The burrow density was estimated at 15.649 burrows ha-1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.245–23.903) and the slope-corrected total favourable area was 2365.53 ha, which yielded an estimate 37 018 burrows (95% CI: 24 235–56 544). The playback response rate was 15.8 ± 1.3%, and 40.8 ± 1.7% of burrows were occupied or showed signs of occupation. Occupancy rates were low compared to those measured by systematic burrow inspection in other studies. Assuming that laying occurred in 80–93% of the estimated number of burrows, as estimated by previous studies, gives an estimate of 29 614 (95% CI: 19 388–45 235) to 34 426 (95% CI: 22 538–52 585) breeding pairs. |
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109 |
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0954-1020, 1365-2079 |
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yes |
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7571 |
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Author |
Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Charles A. Bost, Adrien Chaigne, Cédric Marteau, Henri Weimerskirch |
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Title |
Population trends of penguins in the French Southern Territories |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
835-850 |
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Abstract |
Penguins are important top consumers in marine food webs and are one of the most threatened bird families, especially by climate change and food web alterations by marine fisheries. Yet, long-term population trends are lacking or are uncertain for many populations. Seven species of penguins breeding at the French Southern Territories in the southern Indian Ocean on the Crozet, Kerguelen, Saint-Paul–Amsterdam archipelagos and in Terre Adélie/Adelie Land, Antarctica are monitored regularly. This monitoring started in the early 1950s and most populations have been surveyed during the past four years, allowing assessments of population trends. King penguins increased at nearly all breeding sites within the Crozet and Kerguelen archipelagos. Emperor penguins have decreased at Terre Adélie/Adelie Land, with a partial recovery of the colony during the 2010s. Gentoo penguin populations at Crozet and Kerguelen are highly variable but stable. Adélie penguins have been increasing in Terre Adélie/Adelie Land. The trends in eastern rockhopper penguins vary between colonies and archipelagos. Northern rockhopper penguins have continuously decreased in numbers at Amsterdam Island, but appear to have increased at the nearby Saint-Paul Island. Macaroni penguins have first increased and then stabilized since the 2000s at Kerguelen and are stable at the Crozet Islands. Overall, most penguin populations breeding in the French Southern Territories increased or were stable over the past 30–60 years, with the exception of the northern rockhopper penguin, king and gentoo penguins on Crozet and the emperor penguin. The ecological reasons for these trends are poorly understood and require further investigation. |
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109,394 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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7639 |
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Author |
Chuxian Li, Jeroen E. Sonke, Gaël Le Roux, Natalia Piotrowska, Nathalie Van der Putten, Stephen J. Roberts, Tim Daley, Emma Rice, Roland Gehrels, Maxime Enrico, Dmitri Mauquoy, Thomas P. Roland, François De Vleeschouwer |
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Title |
Unequal Anthropogenic Enrichment of Mercury in Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ACS Earth and Space Chemistry |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
2073-2081 |
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Abstract |
Remote Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) lake sediment and peat records of mercury (Hg) deposition have shown a ×3 to ×5 Hg enrichment since pre-industrial times (<1880 AD), leading to the perception that global atmospheric Hg enrichment is moderate and uniform across the hemispheres. Anthropogenic Hg emissions in the NH are, however, approximately 4 times higher than those in the SH. Here, we reconstruct atmospheric Hg deposition in four remote SH peatlands and review sediment and peat Hg records from both hemispheres. We observe a ×4 all-time enrichment in SH Hg deposition from pre-anthropogenic (<1450 AD) to the late 20th-century periods, which is lower than the large ×16 all-time enrichment in NH Hg deposition. We attribute this difference to lower anthropogenic Hg emissions in the SH, and higher natural atmospheric SH Hg concentrations, supported by ×2 higher natural background Hg accumulation in SH peat records. We suggest that the higher SH natural atmospheric Hg deposition reflects the SH land–ocean distribution, and is driven by important SH marine Hg emissions. Our findings indicate that atmospheric Hg background levels and anthropogenic enrichment in both hemispheres are different and should be taken into account in international Hg assessments and environmental policy. |
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1065,1133 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7791 |
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Author |
Chuxian Li, Jeroen E. Sonke, Gaël Le Roux, Nathalie Van der Putten, Natalia Piotrowska, Catherine Jeandel, Nadine Mattielli, Mathieu Benoit, Giles F. S. Wiggs, François De Vleeschouwer |
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Title |
Holocene dynamics of the southern westerly winds over the Indian Ocean inferred from a peat dust deposition record |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
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Volume |
231 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106169 |
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Keywords |
Amsterdam Island Anthropogenic activities Dust sources Peat Southern westerly winds |
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The southern westerly winds (SWW) play a major role in climate variability in Southern Hemisphere mid- and high-latitudes, regulating rainfall, ocean circulation, and the Southern Ocean carbon sink. Despite their importance, little is known about millennial scale changes in the SWW and how they have influenced the climate system in the past and interacted with the Earth’s surface elements, such as dust, nutrients and carbon. Here we present a dust record from a 6.6 kyr old peat core in Amsterdam Island (AMS) situated at the northern edge of the SWW (37°S) in the Southern Indian Ocean. Mineral dust flux was used to track atmospheric dust production, long-distance transport and subsequent deposition. Dust provenance was determined from rare earth element (REE) and Nd isotopic signatures (εNd) in the peat core, compared with a reference dataset of Southern Hemisphere dust sources. Using a multi-proxy mixing model, the εNd and REE ratios show a relatively uniform mixture of ca. 40% local, 15% Southern African and 45% Southern South American dust sources since 6.6 cal kyr BP. However, from 1910 AD onwards, there is a doubling in the contribution from Southern Africa (32%). Two mineral dust flux minima occur at 6.2–4.9 cal kyr BP and 3.9–2.7 cal kyr BP, interpreted as periods with equatorward-shifted and/or strengthened SWW at the northern edge of the wind belt. Conversely, periods of higher dust flux at 6.6–6.2 cal kyr BP, 4.9–3.9 cal kyr BP, and 1.4 cal kyr BP onwards are interpreted as poleward-shifted and/or weakened SWW. These interpretations are based on the findings that higher (lower) wind speeds lead to enhanced (less) removal of distal dust on the way to AMS, by wet deposition and turbulence. Published Holocene SWW records at the northern edge of the wind belt (33–41°S) covering South-America, Southern-Africa and Australia, show much variability over the last 6.6 kyr. We suggest this reflects complex regional climate variability in the different SH longitudinal sectors, indicating that SWW are not zonally homogeneous at the northern edge of the wind belt. The recent shift in dust provenance is not accompanied by enhanced total dust deposition at AMS. We therefore suggest that human impact (e.g., land use changes) and drier climate conditions in Southern Africa have led to enhanced dust mobilization. |
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1065,1133 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0277-3791 |
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yes |
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8193 |
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Author |
Crouzet N., et al. |
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Title |
Towards a two-colour photometer at Dome C, Antartica |
Type |
Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
ESA SCI Science Workshop #13, 1-3 December 2020, Virtual Meeting |
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1066 |
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7830 |
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Author |
Crouzet N., et al. |
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Title |
Towards ASTEP+, a two-color photometric telescope at Dome C, Antarctica |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation (AS20), online, 14-18 December 2020 |
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Paper 11447-23 |
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1066 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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7831 |
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