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Author  |
Zhiyong Xie, Zhen Wang, Olivier Magand, Alban Thollot, Ralf Ebinghaus, Wenying Mi, Aurelien Dommergue |
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Title |
Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic contaminants in snow at Dome C in the Antarctic |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Science of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
741 |
Issue |
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Pages |
140200 |
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Keywords |
Antarctic Organophosphate esters PAH PFAS Snow |
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Abstract |
Concentrations of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs), 16 perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface snow samples collected at Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau in summer 2016. Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP) were the dominant compounds of OPEs, with mean concentrations of 8157 ± 4860, 1128 ± 928 and 1232 ± 1147 pg/L. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, mean: 358 ± 71 pg/L) was the dominant compound of PFASs, and following by perfluoro-n-hexanoic acid (PFHxA, mean: 222 ± 97 pg/L), perfluoro-n-heptanoic acid (PFHpA, 183 ± 60 pg/L) and perfluoro-n-pentanoic acid (PFPeA, 175 ± 105 pg/L). 2-(Heptafluoropropoxy)propanoic acid (HFPO-DA, mean: 9.2 ± 2.6 pg/L) was determined in the Antarctic for the first time. Significantly positive correlations were observed between HFPO-DA and the short-chain PFASs, implying they have similar emission sources and long-range transport potential. High levels of 2-methylnaphthalene and 1-methylnaphthalene, as well as the ratios of PAH congeners indicated PAHs were attributable mostly to combustion origin. Occurrence and profiles of the indicators of OPEs, PFASs and PAHs, as well as air mass back-trajectory analysis provided direct evidences of human activities on Concordia station and posed obvious impacts on local environments in the Antarctic. Nevertheless, the exchange processes among different environmental matrices may drive the long-range transport and redistribution of the legacy and emerging Organic contaminants from coast to inland in the Antarctic. |
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1028 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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7685 |
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Author |
Yves Cherel, Evgeny V. Romanov, Pavanee Annasawmy, Delphine Thibault, Frédéric Ménard |
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Title |
Micronektonic fish species over three seamounts in the southwestern Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
176 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104777 |
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Keywords |
Lanternfish Tropical waters |
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Abstract |
Taxonomic composition, abundance and biological features of micronektonic fish were investigated using pelagic trawls conducted near and over the summits of three seamounts located in the western Indian Ocean (La Pérouse, MAD-Ridge and Walters Shoal). Mesopelagic fish from three families accounted for 80% by number of the total catch (5714 specimens, 121 taxa), namely myctophids (59%), gonostomatids (12%) and sternoptychids (9%). Whereas the gonostomatid Sigmops elongatus was the most abundant species around La Pérouse seamount, myctophids were the most diverse and dominant group by number in all three studied areas. Most myctophids were high-oceanic species, which included the numerically dominant Benthosema suborbitale, Ceratoscopelus warmingii, Diaphus perspicillatus, Hygophum hygomii, and Lobianchia dofleini. The few remaining myctophids (Diaphus suborbitalis being the most abundant) were pseudoceanic fish, highlighting the association with landmasses. The study adds one myctophid species new to the Indian Ocean (Diaphus bertelseni), and a second record in the literature of the recently described sternoptychid Argyripnus hulleyi. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
0967-0645 |
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0967-0645 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8073 |
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Author |
Yves Cherel |
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Title |
A review of Southern Ocean squids using nets and beaks |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Marine Biodiversity |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
98 |
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Abstract |
This review presents an innovative approach to investigate the teuthofauna from the Southern Ocean by combining two complementary data sets, the literature on cephalopod taxonomy and biogeography, together with predator dietary investigations. Sixty squids were recorded south of the Subtropical Front, including one circumpolar Antarctic (Psychroteuthis glacialis Thiele, 1920), 13 circumpolar Southern Ocean, 20 circumpolar subantarctic, eight regional subantarctic, and 12 occasional subantarctic species. A critical evaluation removed five species from the list, and one species has an unknown taxonomic status. The 42 Southern Ocean squids belong to three large taxonomic units, bathyteuthoids (n = 1 species), myopsids (n = 1), and oegopsids (n = 40). A high level of endemism (21 species, 50%, all oegopsids) characterizes the Southern Ocean teuthofauna. Seventeen families of oegopsids are represented, with three dominating families, onychoteuthids (seven species, five endemics), ommastrephids (six species, three endemics), and cranchiids (five species, three endemics). Recent improvements in beak identification and taxonomy allowed making new correspondence between beak and species names, such as Galiteuthis suhmi (Hoyle 1886), Liguriella podophtalma Issel, 1908, and the recently described Taonius notalia Evans, in prep. Gonatus phoebetriae beaks were synonymized with those of Gonatopsis octopedatus Sasaki, 1920, thus increasing significantly the number of records and detailing the circumpolar distribution of this rarely caught Southern Ocean squid. The review extends considerably the number of species, including endemics, recorded from the Southern Ocean, but it also highlights that the corresponding species to two well-described beaks (Moroteuthopsis sp. B and Psychroteuthis sp. B) are still unknown. |
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109 |
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ISSN |
1867-1624 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8072 |
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Author |
Yan Ropert-Coudert, Anton P. Van de Putte, Ryan R. Reisinger, Horst Bornemann, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Daniel P. Costa, Bruno Danis, Luis A. Hückstädt, Ian D. Jonsen, Mary-Anne Lea, David Thompson, Leigh G. Torres, Philip N. Trathan, Simon Wotherspoon, David G. Ainley, Rachael Alderman, Virginia Andrews-Goff, Ben Arthur, Grant Ballard, John Bengtson, Marthán N. Bester, Arnoldus Schytte Blix, Lars Boehme, Charles-André Bost, Peter Boveng, Jaimie Cleeland, Rochelle Constantine, Robert J. M. Crawford, Luciano Dalla Rosa, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Karine Delord, Sébastien Descamps, Mike Double, Louise Emmerson, Mike Fedak, Ari Friedlaender, Nick Gales, Mike Goebel, Kimberly T. Goetz, Christophe Guinet, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Rob Harcourt, Jefferson T. Hinke, Kerstin Jerosch, Akiko Kato, Knowles R. Kerry, Roger Kirkwood, Gerald L. Kooyman, Kit M. Kovacs, Kieran Lawton, Andrew D. Lowther, Christian Lydersen, Phil O’B Lyver, Azwianewi B. Makhado, Maria E. I. Márquez, Birgitte I. McDonald, Clive R. McMahon, Monica Muelbert, Dominik Nachtsheim, Keith W. Nicholls, Erling S. Nordøy, Silvia Olmastroni, Richard A. Phillips, Pierre Pistorius, Joachim Plötz, Klemens Pütz, Norman Ratcliffe, Peter G. Ryan, Mercedes Santos, Colin Southwell, Iain Staniland, Akinori Takahashi, Arnaud Tarroux, Wayne Trivelpiece, Ewan Wakefield, Henri Weimerskirch, Barbara Wienecke, José C. Xavier, Ben Raymond, Mark A. Hindell |
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Title |
The retrospective analysis of Antarctic tracking data project |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Scientific Data |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
94 |
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Abstract |
The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research project led jointly by the Expert Groups on Birds and Marine Mammals and Antarctic Biodiversity Informatics, and endorsed by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. RAATD consolidated tracking data for multiple species of Antarctic meso- and top-predators to identify Areas of Ecological Significance. These datasets and accompanying syntheses provide a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, support modelling of predator distributions under future climate scenarios and create inputs that can be incorporated into decision making processes by management authorities. In this data paper, we present the compiled tracking data from research groups that have worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. The data are publicly available through biodiversity.aq and the Ocean Biogeographic Information System. The archive includes tracking data from over 70 contributors across 12 national Antarctic programs, and includes data from 17 predator species, 4060 individual animals, and over 2.9 million observed locations. |
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Programme |
109,1091,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2052-4463 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7691 |
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Author |
Yan Axel Gómez Coutouly, Angela K. Gore, Charles E. Holmes, Kelly E. Graf, Ted Goebel |
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Title |
“Knapping, My Child, is Made of Errors”: Apprentice Knappers at Swan Point and Little Panguingue Creek, Two Prehistoric Sites in Central Alaska |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Lithic Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
46 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2-26 |
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Keywords |
Alaska apprenticeship lithic technology microblade prehistory |
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Abstract |
In Beringia, as in many other parts of the world, stone tools are the main diagnostic cultural artifact for understanding prehistoric societies. The analysis of lithic assemblages is the basis for establishing connections between sites and techno-complexes. Through highlighting major technological trends, archaeologists are able to interpret processes such as cultural continuity and migrations. Here we present a fine-grained analysis of two assemblages to perceive in detail the individuals behind the lithic productions, more specifically apprentice knappers. Although recognition of apprenticeship in a prehistoric context is not new, this is the first such study for Alaska and Beringia. We focus on two distinct assemblages with microblade technology: the late Pleistocene component of Swan Point CZ4b (Tanana valley) and the early Holocene component of Little Panguingue Creek C2 (Nenana valley), both in central Alaska. |
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1217 |
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ISSN |
0197-7261 |
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0197-7261 |
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yes |
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7632 |
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Author |
Y. Quesnel, W. Zylberman, P. Rochette, M. Uehara, J. Gattacceca, G. R. Osinski, P. Dussouillez, C. Lepaulard, C. Champollion |
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Title |
Geophysical signature of the Tunnunik impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Meteoritics & Planetary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
480-495 |
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Abstract |
In 2011, the discovery of shatter cones confirmed the 28 km diameter Tunnunik complex impact structure, Northwest Territories, Canada. This study presents the first results of ground-based electromagnetic, gravimetric, and magnetic surveys over this impact structure. Its central area is characterized by a 10 km wide negative gravity anomaly of about 3 mGal amplitude, roughly corresponding to the area of shatter cones, and associated with a positive magnetic field anomaly of 120 nT amplitude and 3 km wavelength. The latter correlates well with the location of the deepest uplifted strata, an impact-tilted Proterozoic dolomite layer of the Shaler Supergroup exposed near the center of the structure and intruded by dolerite dykes. Locally, electromagnetic field data unveil a conductive superficial formation which corresponds to an 80–100 m thick sand layer covering the impact structure. Based on the measurements of magnetic properties of rock samples, we model the source of the magnetic anomaly as the magnetic sediments of the Shaler Supergroup combined with a core of uplifted crystalline basement with enhanced magnetization. More classically, the low gravity signature is attributed to a reduction in density measured on the brecciated target rocks and to the isolated sand formations. However, the present-day fractured zone does not extend deeper than 1 km in our model, indicating a possible 1.5 km of erosion since the time of impact, about 430 Ma ago. |
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1139 |
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ISSN |
1945-5100 |
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yes |
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8266 |
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Author |
Y. Kebukawa, M. Zolensly, J. Mathurin, E. Dartois, C. Engrand, J. Duprat, A. Deniset-Besseau, A. Dazzi, M. Fries, T. Ohigashi, D. Wakabayashi, S. Yamashita, Y. Takeichi, Y. Takahashi, M. Kondo, M. Ito, Y. Kodama, Z. Rahman, K. Kobayashi |
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Title |
Organic matter in the Aguas Zarcas (CM2) meteorite: high abundance of aliphatic carbon in metal-rich lithology |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, id 1349 |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1614 |
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1120 |
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yes |
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7911 |
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Author |
Winton V.H.L., Ming A., Caillon N., Hauge L. Jones A.E., Savarino J., Yang X., Frey M.M. |
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Title |
Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
5861–5885 |
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Abstract |
The nitrogen stable isotopic composition in nitrate (δ15N-NO−3) measured in ice cores from low-snow-accumulation regions in East Antarctica has the potential to provide constraints on past ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thereby total column ozone (TCO) due to the sensitivity of nitrate (NO−3) photolysis to UV radiation. However, understanding the transfer of reactive nitrogen at the air–snow interface in polar regions is paramount for the interpretation of ice core records of δ15N-NO−3 and NO−3 mass concentrations. As NO−3 undergoes a number of post-depositional processes before it is archived in ice cores, site-specific observations of δ15N-NO−3 and air–snow transfer modelling are necessary to understand and quantify the complex photochemical processes at play. As part of the Isotopic Constraints on Past Ozone Layer Thickness in Polar Ice (ISOL-ICE) project, we report new measurements of NO−3 mass concentration and δ15N-NO−3 in the atmosphere, skin layer (operationally defined as the top 5 mm of the snowpack), and snow pit depth profiles at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. We compare the results to previous studies and new data, presented here, from Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau. Additionally, we apply the conceptual 1D model of TRansfer of Atmospheric Nitrate Stable Isotopes To the Snow (TRANSITS) to assess the impact of NO−3 recycling on δ15N-NO−3 and NO−3 mass concentrations archived in snow and firn. We find clear evidence of NO−3 photolysis at DML and confirmation of previous theoretical, field, and laboratory studies that UV photolysis is driving NO−3 recycling and redistribution at DML. Firstly, strong denitrification of the snowpack is observed through the δ15N-NO−3 signature, which evolves from the enriched snowpack (−3 ‰ to 100 ‰), to the skin layer (−20 ‰ to 3 ‰), to the depleted atmosphere (−50 ‰ to −20 ‰), corresponding to mass loss of NO−3 from the snowpack. Based on the TRANSITS model, we find that NO−3 is recycled two times, on average, before it is archived in the snowpack below 15 cm and within 0.75 years (i.e. below the photic zone). Mean annual archived δ15N-NO−3 and NO−3 mass concentration values are 50 ‰ and 60 ng g−1, respectively, at the DML site. We report an e-folding depth (light attenuation) of 2–5 cm for the DML site, which is considerably lower than Dome C. A reduced photolytic loss of NO−3 at DML results in less enrichment of δ15N-NO−3 than at Dome C mainly due to the shallower e-folding depth but also due to the higher snow accumulation rate based on TRANSITS-modelled sensitivities. Even at a relatively low snow accumulation rate of 6 cm yr−1 (water equivalent; w.e.), the snow accumulation rate at DML is great enough to preserve the seasonal cycle of NO−3 mass concentration and δ15N-NO−3, in contrast to Dome C where the depth profiles are smoothed due to longer exposure of surface snow layers to incoming UV radiation before burial. TRANSITS sensitivity analysis of δ15N-NO−3 at DML highlights that the dominant factors controlling the archived δ15N-NO−3 signature are the e-folding depth and snow accumulation rate, with a smaller role from changes in the snowfall timing and TCO. Mean TRANSITS model sensitivities of archived δ15N-NO−3 at the DML site are 100 ‰ for an e-folding depth change of 8 cm, 110 ‰ for an annual snow accumulation rate change of 8.5 cm yr−1 w.e., 10 ‰ for a change in the dominant snow deposition season between winter and summer, and 10 ‰ for a TCO change of 100 DU (Dobson units). Here we set the framework for the interpretation of a 1000-year ice core record of δ15N-NO−3 from DML. Ice core δ15N-NO−3 records at DML will be less sensitive to changes in UV than at Dome C; however the higher snow accumulation rate and more accurate dating at DML allows for higher-resolution δ15N-NO−3 records. |
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Programme |
1177 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
7855 |
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Author |
Wenjie Lei, Youyi Ruan, Ebru Bozdağ, Daniel Peter, Matthieu Lefebvre, Dimitri Komatitsch, Jeroen Tromp, Judith Hill, Norbert Podhorszki, David Pugmire |
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Title |
Global adjoint tomography—model GLAD-M25 |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
223 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-21 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Building on global adjoint tomography model GLAD-M15, we present transversely isotropic global model GLAD-M25, which is the result of 10 quasi-Newton tomographic iterations with an earthquake database consisting of 1480 events in the magnitude range 5.5 ≤ Mw ≤ 7.2, an almost sixfold increase over the first-generation model. We calculated fully 3-D synthetic seismograms with a shortest period of 17 s based on a GPU-accelerated spectral-element wave propagation solver which accommodates effects due to 3-D anelastic crust and mantle structure, topography and bathymetry, the ocean load, ellipticity, rotation and self-gravitation. We used an adjoint-state method to calculate Fréchet derivatives in 3-D anelastic Earth models facilitated by a parsimonious storage algorithm. The simulations were performed on the Cray XK7 ‘Titan’ and the IBM Power 9 ‘Summit’ at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility. We quantitatively evaluated GLAD-M25 by assessing misfit reductions and traveltime anomaly histograms in 12 measurement categories. We performed similar assessments for a held-out data set consisting of 360 earthquakes, with results comparable to the actual inversion. We highlight the new model for a variety of plumes and subduction zones. |
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133 |
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0956-540X |
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yes |
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7990 |
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Author |
Weisen Shen, Douglas A. Wiens, Andrew J. Lloyd, Andrew A. Nyblade |
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Title |
A Geothermal Heat Flux Map of Antarctica Empirically Constrained by Seismic Structure |
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Year |
2020 |
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Geophysical Research Letters |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
e2020GL086955 |
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Keywords |
Antarctica crust and uppermost mantle geothermal heat flux ice sheet modeling |
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Abstract |
The geothermal heat flux (GHF) is an important boundary condition for modeling the movement of the Antarctic ice sheet but is difficult to measure systematically at a continental scale. Earlier GHF maps suffer from low resolution and possibly biased assumptions in tectonism and crustal heat generation, resulting in significant uncertainty. We present a new GHF map for Antarctica constructed by empirically relating the upper mantle structure to known GHF in the continental United States. The new map, compared with previously seismologically determined one, has improved resolution and lower uncertainties. New features in this map include high GHF in the southern Transantarctic Mountains where warmer uppermost mantle is introduced by lithospheric removal and in the Thwaites Glacier region. Additionally, a modest GHF in the central West Antarctic Rift system near the Siple Coast and an absence of large-scale regions with GHF greater than 90 mW/m2 are found. |
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133 |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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7887 |
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