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Rivolier J., Cazes G., Rosnet E., Bachelard C., Le Scanff C., Dentan M.C. & Martin G. |
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Sélection-orientation psychologique de sujets ayant à affronter des situations extrêmes. |
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Rapport de Synthèse Finale Contrat DRET 90/073 |
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252 |
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915 |
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Mahowald, N.M.; Rasch, P.J.; Eaton, B.E.; Whittlestone, S.; Prinn, R.G. |
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Title |
Transport of 222radon to the remote troposphere using the Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry and assimilated winds from ECMWF and the National Center for Environmental Prediction/NCAR |
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Journal Article |
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0 |
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Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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102 |
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The Model of Atmospheric Transport and Chemistry (MATCH) is used to simulate the transport of 222Rn using both European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) winds and National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (hereafter referred to as NCEP) reanalysis winds. These winds have the advantage of being based on observed winds but have the disadvantage that the subgrid-scale transport processes are not routinely archived. MATCH derives subgrid-scale mixing rates for the boundary layer using a nonlocal scheme and for moist convective mixing using one of two parameterizations (Tiedtke [1989] or Pan and Wu [1997]). This paper describes the ability of the model to recreate mixing rates of 222Rn using the forecast center winds. Radon 222 is a species with a continental crust source and a simple sink involving radioactive decay with an e-folding timescale of 5.5 days. This atmospheric constituent is therefore a good tracer for testing the vertical transport in the chemical transport model, as well as the horizontal transport from continental regions to remote oceanic regions. The various simulations of 222Rn are compared with observations as well as with each other, allowing an estimate of the uncertainty in transport due to uncertainties in the winds and subgrid-scale processes. The calculated vertical profiles over the western United States are somewhat similar to observed, and the upper tropospheric concentrations compare reasonably well in their spatial distribution with data collected during Tropospheric Ozone II (TROPOZ II), although the model values tend to be higher than observed values, especially in the upper troposphere. The model successfully simulates specific observed pollution events at Cape Grim. It has more difficulty at sites farther from continental source regions, although the model captures the seasonal structure of the pollution events at these sites (Macquarie Island, Amsterdam Island, Kerguelen Island, and Crozet Island). Inclusion of a moist convective mixing scheme in MATCH increases 222Rn concentrations in the upper troposphere by 50% compared to not having moist convective mixing, while surface concentrations do not appear to be very sensitive to moist convection. In addition, differences between the upper tropospheric concentrations of radon predicted using the ECMWF and NCEP winds can be 30% for large areas of the globe, due to either differences in the forecast center winds themselves or the moist convective mixing schemes used in conjunction with them. This has implications for model simulations of radiatively and chemically important trace species in the atmosphere. |
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146 |
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American Geophysical Union |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
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5541 |
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Dragon A.-C. |
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Modélisation des stratégies d’approvisionnement des éléphants de mer austraux : influence de la variabilité de la production primaire et des conditions océanographiques physiques. |
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109 |
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yes |
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1921 |
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7850 |
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Author |
F. Amélineau, D. Bonnet, O. Heitz, V. Mortreux, A. M. A. Harding, N. Karnovsky, W. Walkusz, J. Fort, D. Grémillet |
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Title |
Microplastic pollution in the Greenland Sea: Background levels and selective contamination of planktivorous diving seabirds |
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Environmental Pollution |
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219 |
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1131-1139 |
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Arctic Little auk Plastic Sea ice Selective uptake Zooplankton |
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Microplastics have been reported everywhere around the globe. With very limited human activities, the Arctic is distant from major sources of microplastics. However, microplastic ingestions have been found in several Arctic marine predators, confirming their presence in this region. Nonetheless, existing information for this area remains scarce, thus there is an urgent need to quantify the contamination of Arctic marine waters. In this context, we studied microplastic abundance and composition within the zooplankton community off East Greenland. For the same area, we concurrently evaluated microplastic contamination of little auks (Alle alle), an Arctic seabird feeding on zooplankton while diving between 0 and 50 m. The study took place off East Greenland in July 2005 and 2014, under strongly contrasted sea-ice conditions. Among all samples, 97.2% of the debris found were filaments. Despite the remoteness of our study area, microplastic abundances were comparable to those of other oceans, with 0.99 ± 0.62 m−3 in the presence of sea-ice (2005), and 2.38 ± 1.11 m−3 in the nearby absence of sea-ice (2014). Microplastic rise between 2005 and 2014 might be linked to an increase in plastic production worldwide or to lower sea-ice extents in 2014, as sea-ice can represent a sink for microplastic particles, which are subsequently released to the water column upon melting. Crucially, all birds had eaten plastic filaments, and they collected high levels of microplastics compared to background levels with 9.99 and 8.99 pieces per chick meal in 2005 and 2014, respectively. Importantly, we also demonstrated that little auks took more often light colored microplastics, rather than darker ones, strongly suggesting an active contamination with birds mistaking microplastics for their natural prey. Overall, our study stresses the great vulnerability of Arctic marine species to microplastic pollution in a warming Arctic, where sea-ice melting is expected to release vast volumes of trapped debris. |
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388 |
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0269-7491 |
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0269-7491 |
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7296 |
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Pazmino, A. Godin-beekmann, S., Goutail, F., Hauchecorne, A., Claud, C., Lefèvre, F., Lecouffe, A., Pommereau, J.p. |
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Estimation des premiers signes du rétablissement de la couche d'ozone en régions polaires |
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Conference - National - Communication |
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Atelier milieux hautes latitudes, Paris-Saclay, 7-8 Novembre 2019 |
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209 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7766 |
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Author |
Van De Vijver B. & Beyens L. |
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A preliminary study on the soil diatom assemblages from Ile de la Possession(Crozet, Subantarctica). |
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1988 |
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European journal of soil biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Soil Biol. |
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34 |
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3 |
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133-141 |
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136 |
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1164-5563 |
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1902 |
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Lorius, C.; Jouzel, J.; Raynaud, D.; Hansen, J.; Treut, H.L. |
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The ice-core record: climate sensitivity and future greenhouse warming |
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Journal Article |
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1990 |
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Nature |
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Nature |
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347 |
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6289 |
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139-145 |
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The prediction of future greenhouse-gas-induced warming depends critically on the sensitivity of Earth's climate to increasing atmospheric concentrations of these gases. Data from cores drilled in polar ice sheets show a remarkable correlation between past glacial–interglacial temperature changes and the inferred atmospheric concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. These and other palaeoclimate data are used to assess the role of greenhouse gases in explaining past global climate change, and the validity of models predicting the effect of increasing concentrations of such gases in the atmosphere. |
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159 |
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0028-0836 |
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10.1038/347139a0 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
IPEV @ Thierry.Lemaire @ |
Serial |
5643 |
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Author |
Bourdelles B. & Fily M. |
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Utilisation des données LANDSAT-5TM/ Signature spectrale de la glace bleue et taille des grains de la neige en Antarctique. |
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1991 |
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Photo-interprétation |
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1991/92 |
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83-87 |
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254 |
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1758 |
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Schatt P. & Féral J.P. |
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Title |
The brooding cycle of Abatus cordatus (Echinodermata: Spatangoida) at Kerguelen Islands. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
Polar biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Polar Biol. |
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11 |
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283-292 |
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195 |
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0722-4060 |
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yes |
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3154 |
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