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Author |
Hassen Allegue, Denis Réale, Baptiste Picard, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Track and dive-based movement metrics do not predict the number of prey encountered by a marine predator |
Type |
Journal |
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Year  |
2023 |
Publication |
Movement Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
3 |
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Keywords |
Accelerometry Area-restricted search Diving behavior Foraging behavior Marine predator Prey encounter events |
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Abstract |
Studying animal movement in the context of the optimal foraging theory has led to the development of simple movement metrics for inferring feeding activity. Yet, the predictive capacity of these metrics in natural environments has been given little attention, raising serious questions of the validity of these metrics. The aim of this study is to test whether simple continuous movement metrics predict feeding intensity in a marine predator, the southern elephant seal (SES; Mirounga leonine), and investigate potential factors influencing the predictive capacity of these metrics. |
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109,1201 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2051-3933 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8556 |
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Author |
Hennion Françoise, Binet Françoise |
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Title |
Adaptation des plantes subantarctiques au changement climatique et dynamique et trajectoires sol-plante |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
19émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 03-05 mai 2023, paris france |
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Volume |
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Issue |
Communication n°468 |
Pages |
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Abstract |
Les îles subantarctiques de Kerguelen sont soumises à un changement climatique rapide et intense. Ces îles abritent des espèces végétales endémiques de grand intérêt dans l’hémisphère sud. La flore comporte peu d’espèces et leurs interactions sont mal connues. De tels systèmes pourraient être particulièrement fragiles, et a contrario leur résilience dépendre plus fortement des interactions biotiques entre espèces. Le projet PlantADAPT vise à évaluer et suivre la réponse des espèces de plantes endémiques des îles Kerguelen au changement climatique, en prenant en compte le système plante-sol intégré et les interactions biotiques (plante holobionte). Dans l’objectif d’évaluer les parts respectives de la plasticité phénotypique et de l’adaptation locale dans la variation phénotypique, l’expérience en Jardins Communs est un dispositif déterminant. Nous développons aussi des approches d’écologie fonctionnelle des communautés microbiennes et du système sol associé. |
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1116 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8668 |
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Author |
Henri Weimerskirch, Alexandre Corbeau, Adrien Pajot, Samantha C. Patrick, Julien Collet |
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Title |
Albatrosses develop attraction to fishing vessels during immaturity but avoid them at old age |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
290 |
Issue |
1990 |
Pages |
20222252 |
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Keywords |
albatross attraction conservation learning process personality vessels |
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Abstract |
Animals have to develop novel behaviours to adapt to anthropogenic activities or environmental changes. Fishing vessels constitute a recent feature that attracts albatrosses in large numbers. While they provide a valuable food source through offal and bait, they cause mortalities through bycatch, such that selection on vessel attraction will depend on the cost–benefit balance. We examine whether attraction to fishing and other vessels changes through the lifetime of great albatrosses, and show that attraction differed between age classes, sexes and personality. Juveniles encountered fewer vessels than adults, but also showed a lower attraction to vessels when encountered. Attraction rates, especially for fishing vessels, increased through immaturity to peak during adulthood, decreasing with old age. Shy females had lower attraction to vessels and shy males remained at vessels longer, suggesting that bolder individuals may outcompete shyer ones, with positive consequences for mass gain. These results suggest that attraction to vessels is a learned process, leading to an increase with age, and is not the result of preferential attraction to new objects by juveniles. Overall, our findings have important conservation implications as a result of potential strong differential selection on the risk of bycatch for age classes, personality types, populations and species. |
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109 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8529 |
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Author |
Hina Watanabe, Kozue Shiomi, Katsufumi Sato, Akinori Takahashi, Yves Handrich, Charles-André Bost |
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Title |
King penguins adjust their fine-scale travelling and foraging behaviours to spatial and diel changes in feeding opportunities |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Marine Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
170 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
29 |
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Keywords |
Bio-logging Diel vertical migration Dive path Movements Optimal foraging Penguins Seabirds |
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Abstract |
Central place foragers such as pelagic seabirds often travel large distances to reach profitable foraging areas. King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are well known for their large-scale foraging movements to the productive Antarctic Polar Front, though their fine-scale travelling and foraging characteristics remain unclear. Here, we investigated the horizontal movements and foraging patterns of king penguins to understand their fine-scale movement decisions during distant foraging trips. We attached multi-channel data loggers that can record depth, speed, tri-axis acceleration, tri-axis magnetism, and environmental temperature of the penguins and obtained data (n = 8 birds) on their horizontal movement rates from reconstructed dive paths and their feeding attempts estimated from rapid changes in swim speed. During transit toward main foraging areas, penguins increased the time spent on shallow travelling dives (< 50 m) at night and around midday, and increased the time spent on deep foraging dives (≥ 50 m) during crepuscular hours. The horizontal movement rates during deep dives were negatively correlated with maximum dive depths, suggesting that foraging at greater depths is associated with a decreased horizontal travelling speed. Penguins concentrated their foraging efforts (more deep dives and higher rates of feeding attempts) at twilight during transit, when prey may be more accessible due to diel vertical migration, while they travelled rapidly at night and midday when prey may be difficult to detect and access. Such behavioural adjustments correspond to a movement strategy adopted by avian deep divers to travel long distances while feeding on prey exhibiting diel vertical migration. |
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Programme |
394 |
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Series Issue |
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ISSN |
1432-1793 |
ISBN |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8542 |
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Author |
Jean-Michel Friedt, Éric Bernard, Madeleine Griselin |
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Title |
Ground-Based Oblique-View Photogrammetry and Sentinel-1 Spaceborne RADAR Reflectivity Snow Melt Processes Assessment on an Arctic Glacier |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1858 |
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Keywords |
arctic cold region hydrology melting processes Sentinel-1 snowpack properties |
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Abstract |
The snowpack evolution during the melt season on an Arctic glacier is assessed using ground-based oblique-view cameras, spaceborne imaging and spaceborne RADAR. The repeated and systematic Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) imaging by the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-1 spaceborne RADARs allows for all-weather, all-illumination condition monitoring of the snow-covered fraction of the glacier and hence assessing its water production potential. A comparison of the RADAR reflectivity with optical and multispectral imaging highlights the difference between the observed quantities—water content in the former, albedo in the latter—and the complementarity for understanding the snow melt processes. This work highlights the temporal inertia between the visible spring melting of the snowpack and the snow metamorphism. It was found that the snowpack exhibits that approximately 30 days before it starts to fade. |
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Programme |
1108 |
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ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8537 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jelena Kralj, Aurore Ponchon, Daniel Oro, Barbara Amadesi, Juan Arizaga, Nicola Baccetti, Thierry Boulinier, Jacopo G. Cecere, Robin M. Corcoran, Anna-Marie Corman, Leonie Enners, Abram Fleishman, Stefan Garthe, David Grémillet, Ann Harding, José Manuel Igual, Luka Jurinović, Ulrike Kubetzki, Donald E. Lyons, Rachael Orben, Rosana Paredes, Simone Pirrello, Bernard Recorbet, Scott Shaffer, Philipp Schwemmer, Lorenzo Serra, Anouk Spelt, Giacomo Tavecchia, Jill Tengeres, Davorin Tome, Cara Williamson, Shane Windsor, Hillary Young, Marco Zenatello, Ruben Fijn |
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Title |
Active breeding seabirds prospect alternative breeding colonies |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
201 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
341-354 |
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Keywords |
Behavioural ecology Dispersal Gulls Movements Terns Tracking devices |
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Abstract |
Compared to other animal movements, prospecting by adult individuals for a future breeding site is commonly overlooked. Prospecting influences the decision of where to breed and has consequences on fitness and lifetime reproductive success. By analysing movements of 31 satellite- and GPS-tracked gull and tern populations belonging to 14 species in Europe and North America, we examined the occurrence and factors explaining prospecting by actively breeding birds. Prospecting in active breeders occurred in 85.7% of studied species, across 61.3% of sampled populations. Prospecting was more common in populations with frequent inter-annual changes of breeding sites and among females. These results contradict theoretical models which predict that prospecting is expected to evolve in relatively predictable and stable environments. More long-term tracking studies are needed to identify factors affecting patterns of prospecting in different environments and understand the consequences of prospecting on fitness at the individual and population level. |
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Programme |
333 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1432-1939 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8500 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Jérémy Grenier, Najat Bhiry, Armelle Decaulne |
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Title |
Meteorological conditions and snow-avalanche occurrence over three snow seasons (2017–2020) in Tasiapik Valley, Umiujaq, Nunavik |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2194492 |
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Keywords |
Nunavik snow avalanches Time-lapse cameras weather data |
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Abstract |
In this article, we study snow avalanche activity during the snow seasons of 2017–2020 using four automatic time-lapse cameras strategically positioned along the southwestern slope of Tasiapik Valley, near the village of Umiujaq, in Nunavik (northern Québec, Canada). Over the three snow seasons, cameras helped to detect evidence of 130 avalanche events, scattered over seventy-eight distinct avalanche days. The evolution of weather conditions prior to each avalanche release was detailed according to data from a nearby weather station. Moreover, the time of release, the release type, the surface texture, and whether rocky material was present in the deposits were documented from the photographs. To explore relationships between weather data and avalanche releases, conditional inference tree (CIT) analysis was conducted. Results of the CIT analysis showed that there are different weather patterns associated with avalanche releases depending on the season, and significant thresholds values were defined. In winter, the avalanche probability was greater when three-day snowfall total exceeded 10 cm. In spring, the avalanche probability was greater when cumulative melting degree-days were less than forty-six and when daily minimum air temperature was greater than 2°C. Moreover, cornice failures were found to be a major component of the avalanche dynamic in Tasiapik Valley, mainly because of the slope’s morphology. They have also been the cause of the three largest volume and longest runout avalanches observed by cameras in this study, highlighting potential risks for local communities. The probability of observing cornice failures is enhanced on days when maximum air temperature is greater than −8°C in winter conditions, whereas in spring conditions it is enhanced by daily maximum air temperature greater than 2.5°C. This study represents a necessary first step toward avalanche forecasting based on weather data in Nunavik. Efforts should be continued given the expected higher frequency of natural hazards in northern regions as a consequence of recent climate changes. |
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Programme |
1148 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1523-0430 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8695 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Joris Laborie, Matthieu Authier, Adrien Chaigne, Karine Delord, Henri Weimerskirch, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Estimation of total population size of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos using very high-resolution satellite imagery |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Marine Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) play a pivotal role in the Southern Ocean as wide-ranging marine predators and major prey consumers within Southern Ocean marine ecosystems. Due to their circumpolar distribution and the remoteness of their habitat, large uncertainties remain about their total population sizes. This is especially true for elephant seal populations in the French Southern Territories in the southern Indian Ocean (i.e. Crozet and Kerguelen Archipelagos) as many breeding sites are inaccessible for ground censuses. Here, we present a simple and efficient approach for estimating the total elephant seal populations of the Kerguelen and Crozet Archipelagos by using very high-resolution satellite imagery (<1m resolution). Twenty-eight satellite images taken during the breeding season to count female elephant seals in inaccessible areas were used and complemented the traditional annual ground counts in accessible areas. For Kerguelen Island sectors likely to host colonies and where no satellite images were available for the breeding season, a statistical predictive model was built to estimate the most likely number of breeding females to be present on a given beach according to its physiographic characteristics. Our results show the reliability of using very high-resolution satellite images, a relatively low-cost platform, to count pinniped populations and provide the first estimation of the total southern elephant seal population for both the Kerguelen 347,995 (s e = 4,950) and Crozet 13,065 (s e = 169) Archipelagos. The combined total represents over 35% of the global elephant seal population with the Kerguelen stock being numerically equivalent to the South Georgia stock. In addition, we re-examined the population trends since the last mid-century for Kerguelen and over the last five decades for Crozet. The demographic trends of the southern Indian Ocean populations show marked growth over the last decade (5.1% and 1.6% annual growth rate for Crozet and Kerguelen respectively), particularly on Crozet where the elephant seal population has more than tripled. |
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Programme |
109,1201 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2296-7745 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8535 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Juan José Curto, Antoni Segarra, David Altadill, Aude Chambodut |
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Title |
Service of rapid magnetic variations, an update |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Geoscience Data Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
99-113 |
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Keywords |
event detection ISGI – International Service of Geomagnetic Indices rapid magnetic variations solar flare effects storm sudden commencements |
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Abstract |
Rapid magnetic variations on Earth are intimately linked with solar activity and this is one of the main topics in Space Weather research. Modelling and forecasting these phenomena are vital in our technological society. The Service of Rapid Magnetic Variations provides lists of these remarkable magnetic events in a continuous way in what constitutes a long geophysical series that began in the late 19th century. Although the aim of this Service remains unchanged, methods have changed with time. Here, we describe the recent evolution of the Service, its database and the latest works carried out to improve the products delivered to the scientific society. |
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Programme |
139 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2049-6060 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8640 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Julien Thébault, Hana Uvanović, Erwan Amice, Laurent Chauvaud, Melita Peharda |
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Title |
Influence of sea-ice dynamics on coastal Antarctic benthos: A case study on lantern clams (Laternula elliptica) in Adélie Land |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Marine environmental research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
192 |
Issue |
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Pages |
106220 |
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Keywords |
Benthic-pelagic coupling Clams East Antarctica Food source Growth Ice Master chronology Sclerochronology Sympagic algae |
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Abstract |
Polar regions are warming faster than the world average and are profoundly affected by changes in the spatio-temporal dynamics of sea ice, with largely unknown repercussions on the functioning of marine ecosystems. Here, we investigated the impacts of interannual sea-ice variability on coastal benthic communities in Antarctica, focusing on a close-to-pristine area (Adélie Land). We investigated shell growth of the circum-Antarctic bivalve Laternula elliptica, considered a key species in these soft bottom benthic communities. Chondrophores of live-collected clams were prepared using standard sclerochronological methods to study the interannual variability of shell growth from 1996 to 2015. Our results show that the master chronology varied with sea-ice dynamics. When sea ice breaks up too early, sympagic algae do not have time to accumulate sufficiently high biomass, thus strongly limiting the energy input to the benthos. This negatively affects the physiological performance of L. elliptica, thereby altering their population dynamics and hence the functioning of these soft-bottom ecosystems. |
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Programme |
1124 |
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ISSN |
0141-1136 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8661 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
