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Fanny Thibon, Lucas Weppe, Carine Churlaud, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Stéphane Gasparini, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante, Nathalie Vigier |
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Title |
Lithium isotopes in marine food webs: Effect of ecological and environmental parameters |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry |
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3 |
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Non-conventional stable isotopes have received increasing attention in the past decade to investigate multi-level ecological connections from individuals to ecosystems. More recently, isotopes from trace and non-nutrient elements, potentially toxic (i.e., Hg), have also been recognized of great significance to discriminate sources, transports, and bioaccumulation, as well as trophic transfers. In contrast, lithium (Li) concentrations and its isotope compositions (δ7Li) remain poorly documented in aquatic ecosystems, despite its possible accumulation in marine organisms, its increasing industrial production, and its demonstrated hazardous effects on biota. Here, we present the first Li isotope investigation of various soft tissues, organs or whole organisms, from marine plankton, bivalves, cephalopods, crustaceans, and fish of different biogeographical regions [North Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), South East Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia), and Southern Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Islands)]. Independently of the considered organisms, δ7Li values range widely, from 4.6‰ (digestive gland of bivalves) to 32.0‰ (zooplankton). Compared to homogeneous seawater (δ7Li ∼ 31.2‰ ± .3‰), marine organisms mostly fractionate Li isotopes in favor of the light isotope (6Li). Within the same taxonomic group, significant differences are observed among organs, indicating a key role of physiology on Li concentrations and on the distribution of Li isotopes. Statistically, the trophic position is only slightly related to the average Li isotope composition of soft tissues of marine organisms, but this aspect deserves further investigation at the organ level. Other potential influences are the Li uptake by ingestion or gill ventilation. Overall, this work constitutes the first δ7Li extensive baseline in soft tissues of coastal organisms from different large geographic areas mostly preserved from significant anthropogenic Li contamination. |
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109 |
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2673-4486 |
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yes |
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8543 |
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Federico Scoto, Gianluca Pappaccogli, Mauro Mazzola, Antonio Donateo, Roberto Salzano, Matteo Monzali, Fabrizio de Blasi, Catherine Larose, Jean-Charles Gallet, Stefano Decesari, Andrea Spolaor |
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Title |
Automated observation of physical snowpack properties in Ny-Ålesund |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Earth Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
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The snow season in the Svalbard archipelago generally lasts 6–10 months a year and significantly impacts the regional climate, glaciers mass balance, permafrost thermal regime and ecology. Due to the lack of long-term continuous snowpack physical data, it is still challenging for the numerical snow physics models to simulate multi-layer snowpack evolution, especially for remote Arctic areas. To fill this gap, in November 2020, an automated nivometric station (ANS) was installed ∼1 km Southwest from the settlement of Ny-Ålesund (Spitzbergen, Svalbard), in a flat area over the lowland tundra. It automatically provides continuous snow data, including NIR images of the fractional snow-cover area (fSCA), snow depth (SD), internal snow temperature and liquid water content (LWC) profiles at different depths with a 10 min time resolution. Here we present the first-year record of automatic snow preliminary measurements collected between November 2020 and July 2021 together with weekly manual observations for comparison. The snow season at the ANS site lasted for 225 days with an annual net accumulation of 117 cm (392 mm of water equivalent). The LWC in the snowpack was generally low (<4%) during wintertime, nevertheless, we observed three snow-melting events between November and February 2021 and one in June 2021, connected with positive temperature and rain on snow events (ROS). In view of the foreseen future developments, the ANS is the first automated, comprehensive snowpack monitoring system in Ny-Ålesund measuring key essential climate variables needed to understand the seasonal evolution of the snow cover on land. |
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1192 |
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2296-6463 |
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yes |
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8530 |
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Florent Tencé, Julien Jumelet, Marie Bouillon, David Cugnet, Slimane Bekki, Sarah Safieddine, Philippe Keckhut, Alain Sarkissian |
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Title |
14 years of lidar measurements of polar stratospheric clouds at the French Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
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23 |
Issue |
1 |
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431-451 |
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Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a critical role in the stratospheric ozone depletion processes. The last 30 years have seen significant improvements in our understanding of the PSC processes but PSC parametrization in global models still remains a challenge due to the necessary trade-off between the complexity of PSC microphysics and model parametrization constraints. The French Antarctic station Dumont d'Urville (DDU, 66.6∘ S, 140.0∘ E) has one of the few high latitude ground-based lidars in the Southern Hemisphere that has been monitoring PSCs for decades. This study focuses on the PSC data record during the 2007–2020 period. First, the DDU lidar record is analysed through three established classification schemes that prove to be mutually consistent: the PSC population observed above DDU is estimated to be of 30 % supercooled ternary solutions, more than 60 % nitric acid trihydrate mixtures and less than 10 % of water–ice dominated PSC. The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization PSC detection around the station are compared to DDU PSC datasets and show a good agreement despite more water–ice PSC detection. Detailed 2015 lidar measurements are presented to highlight interesting features of PSC fields above DDU. Then, combining a temperature proxy to lidar measurements, we build a trend of PSC days per year at DDU from ERA5 (the fifth generation of European ReAnalysis) and NCEP (National Centers for Environment Protection reanalysis) reanalyses fitted on lidar measurements operated at the station. This significant 14-year trend of −4.6 PSC days per decade is consistent with recent temperature satellite measurements at high latitudes. Specific DDU lidar measurements are presented to highlight fine PSC features that are often sub-scale to global models and spaceborne measurements. |
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209 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8491 |
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Floriane Provost, Dimitri Zigone, Emmanuel Le Meur, Jean-Philippe Malet, Clément Hibert |
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Title |
Surface dynamics and history of the calving cycle of the Astrolabe glacier (Antarctica) derived from optical imagery |
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2023 |
Publication |
EGUsphere |
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1-17 |
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The recent calving of the Astrolabe glacier (Terre Adélie, East Antarctica) in November 2021 presents an opportunity to better understand the processes leading to ice fracturing. Optical satellite imagery is used to retrieve the calving cycle of the glacier since 2000 by mapping the ice front location. A recent archive of high resolution optical images from Sentinel-2 is used to measure the ice motion and the ice strain rates for the period 2017–2021 in order to document fractures and rift evolution. These observations are compared with sea ice extent and concentration measurements. We found that a significant change in the sea ice melting periodicity at the vicinity of the Astrolabe glacier occurred in the last decade (2011–2021) with respect to previous observations (1979–2011). After 2011, the occurrence of consecutive years of high sea-ice concentration at the vicinity of the glacier seems to have favored the ice tongue spatial extension. This lead to an unprecedentedly observed extension of the ice tongue until November 2021. The analysis of strain rate time series revealed that the glacier dislocated suddenly in June 2021 in the middle of the winter before releasing an iceberg of around 20 km2 in November 2021 at the onset of sea ice melting season. These observations suggest that although the presence of sea ice favors glacier extension, its buttressing effect may not be sufficient to prevent fracture opening. |
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411 |
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yes |
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8553 |
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Forget F., Bretel P., Genthon C., Berne A., Dufresne J.L., Lemonnier F., Madeleine J.B, Roussel M.R., Sultan E., Veron D., Vignon E., Wiener V. |
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Quinze ans d’observations climatiques à Dome C et en Terre Adélie avec le programme CALVA : données, découvertes, et évolution |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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19émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 03-05 mai 2023, paris france |
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Communication n°470 |
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1013 |
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yes |
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8675 |
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Author |
Genthon, C., le Consortium AWACA |
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Le projet AWACA |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
Publication |
19émes journées scientifiques du cnfra, 03-05 mai 2023, paris france |
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39 Communication n°461 |
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1251 |
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yes |
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8672 |
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Guilhermic C., Mouret A., Howa H., Pusceddu A., Baltzer A., Nardelli M.P. |
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Effect of environmental gradients generated by tidewater glacier melting on sedimentary habitats and benthic meiofauna in Kongsfjorden (Svalbard): seasonal observations |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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2023 |
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4th svalbard science conference 2023, 31 october-1 november 2023, scandic fornebu, oslo |
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1223 |
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yes |
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8736 |
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Guillaume Delpech, James M. Scott, Michel Grégoire, Bertrand N. Moine, Dongxu Li, Jingao Liu, D. Graham Pearson, Quinten H. A. van der Meer, Tod E. Waight, Gilbert Michon, Damien Guillaume, Suzanne Y. O'Reilly, Jean-Yves Cottin, André Giret |
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Title |
The subantarctic lithospheric mantle |
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2023 |
Publication |
Geological Society, London, Memoirs |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
115-132 |
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We present a summary of peridotite in the Subantarctic (46–60° S) surrounding the Antarctic Plate. Peridotite xenoliths occur on the Kerguelen Islands and Auckland Islands. The Kerguelen Islands are underlain by a plume, whereas the Auckland Islands are part of continental Zealandia, which is a Gondwana-rifted fragment. Small amounts of serpentinized peridotite has been dredged from fracture zones on the Southeast Indian Ridge, Southwest Indian Ridge and Pacific Antarctic Ridge, and represent upwelled asthenosphere accreted to form lithosphere. Suprasubduction-zone peridotite was collected from two locations on the Sandwich Plate. Peridotites from most subantarctic occurrences are moderately to highly depleted, and many show signs of subsequent metasomatic enrichment. Os isotopes indicate that subantarctic continental and oceanic lithospheric mantle contains ancient fragments that underwent depletion long before formation of the overlying crust. |
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1077 |
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yes |
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8612 |
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Guillaume Hubert, Philippe Ricaud, Vincent Favier, Jonathan Wille |
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Title |
Impact of the atmospheric river occurring in March 2022 on east Antarctica on Cosmic-Rays measurements |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023) |
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The primary cosmic rays (CRs) interact with atmospheric atoms, producing secondary CRs (neutron, proton, muon etc.). Meteorological conditions influence the secondary CRs properties, such as the atmospheric pressure and the hydrometric properties (snowfall, the atmospheric water vapor and liquid water, the soil moisture). The CHINSTRAP project aims at recording CR induced-neutron spectra at Concordia Antarctic station, over a wide energy range from meV up to tens of GeV with a short time resolution. At the same time, a radiometer records continuously the water vapor contents and temperatures profiles (HAMSTRAD project). In March 2022, an atmospheric river (AR) caused some of the highest temperature anomalies ever observed over Antarctica (absolute temperature record of -9.4 °C on March 18th at Concordia). The ARs transport large amounts of moisture from the mid- to high-latitudes, modifying considerably usual dry conditions observed at Concordia. This AR event attenuated CRs measurements at Concordia, something previously never observed. A first analysis shows a correlation between the CR induced neutron flux decreases (in the order of 15%) and the increases of the integrated water vapor and liquid water path (IWV and LWP, respectively). This work demonstrates the importance of CRs attenuation during particle transport mechanisms in a highly saturated atmosphere. |
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1112 |
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yes |
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8752 |
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Guillaume Schwob, Léa Cabrol, Thomas Saucède, Karin Gérard, Elie Poulin, Julieta Orlando |
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Title |
Unveiling the co-phylogeny signal between plunderfish Harpagifer spp. and their gut microbiomes across the Southern Ocean |
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2023 |
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Biorxiv |
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Understanding the factors that sculpt fish gut microbiome is challenging, especially in natural populations characterized by high environmental and host genomic complexity. Yet, closely related hosts are valuable models for deciphering the contribution of host evolutionary history to microbiome assembly, through the underscoring of phylosymbiosis and co-phylogeny patterns. Here, we hypothesized that the recent allopatric speciation of Harpagifer across the Southern Ocean (1.2–0.8 Myr) will promote the detection of robust phylogenetic congruence between the host and its microbiome. We characterized the gut mucosa microbiome of 77 individuals from four field-collected species of the plunderfish Harpagifer (Teleostei, Notothenioidei), distributed across three biogeographic regions of the Southern Ocean. We found that seawater physicochemical properties, host phylogeny and geography collectively explained 35% of the variation in bacterial community composition in Harpagifer gut mucosa. The core microbiome of Harpagifer spp. gut mucosa was characterized by a low diversity, mostly driven by selective processes, and dominated by a single Aliivibrio taxon detected in more than 80% of the individuals. Almost half of the core microbiome taxa, including Aliivibrio, harbored co-phylogeny signal at microdiversity resolution with Harpagifer phylogeny. This suggests an intimate symbiotic relationship and a shared evolutionary history with Harpagifer. The robust phylosymbiosis signal emphasizes the relevance of the Harpagifer model to understanding the contribution of fish evolutionary history to the gut microbiome assembly. We propose that the recent allopatric speciation of Harpagifer across the Southern Ocean may have generated the diversification of Aliivibrio into patterns recapitulating the host phylogeny. Importance Although challenging to detect in wild populations, phylogenetic congruence between marine fish and its microbiome is critical, as it allows highlighting potential intimate associations between the hosts and ecologically relevant microbial symbionts.Through a natural system consisting of closely related fish species of the Southern Ocean, our study provides foundational information about the contribution of host evolutionary trajectory on gut microbiome assembly, that represents an important yet underappreciated driver of the global marine fish holobiont. Notably, we unveiled striking evidence of co-diversification between Harpagifer and its microbiome, demonstrating both phylosymbiosis of gut bacterial communities, and co-phylogeny of specific bacterial symbionts, in patterns that mirror the host diversification. Considering the increasing threats that fish species are facing in the Southern Ocean, understanding how the host evolutionary history could drive its microbial symbiont diversification represents a major challenge to better predict the consequences of environmental disturbances on microbiome and host fitness. |
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1044 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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8685 |
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