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Desoubeaux G., Boulinier T., Jorry T., Bocquet C., Lemonnier C., Robin J-p., Bize P., Baron J., Chesnay A., Bailly E., Stier A., Viblanc V.A |
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Title |
Fungal contamination in the environment of penguin communities in the French Southern Territories |
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Peer-reviewed symposium |
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Year  |
2023 |
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11th International Penguin Conference, 4-9 September 2023, Viña del Mar, Chile |
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119 |
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yes |
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8729 |
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Author |
Diane Espel, Camille Coux, Luis R. Pertierra, Pauline Eymar-Dauphin, Jonas J. Lembrechts, David Renault |
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Title |
Functional Niche Partitioning Occurs over Body Size but Not Nutrient Reserves nor Melanism in a Polar Carabid Beetle along an Altitudinal Gradient |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Insects |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
123 |
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Keywords |
Amblystogenium pacificum Carabidae dimorphism French sub-Antarctic islands functional diversity melanism thermal tolerance |
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Abstract |
Phenotypic plasticity can favor the emergence of different morphotypes specialized in specific ranges of environmental conditions. The existence of intraspecific partitioning confers resilience at the species scale and can ultimately determine species survival in a context of global changes. Amblystogenium pacificum is a carabid beetle endemic to the sub-Antarctic Crozet Islands, and it has two distinctive morphotypes based on body coloration. For this study, A. pacificum specimens of functional niches were sampled along an altitudinal gradient (as a proxy for temperature), and some morphological and biochemical traits were measured. We used an FAMD multivariate analysis and linear mixed-effects models to test whether these traits were related to morphotype, altitude, and sexual dimorphism. We then calculated and compared the functional niches at different altitudes and tested for niche partitioning through a hypervolume approach. We found a positive hump-shaped correlation between altitude and body size as well as higher protein and sugar reserves in females than in males. Our functional hypervolume results suggest that the main driver of niche partitioning along the altitudinal gradient is body size rather than morphotype or sex, even though darker morphotypes tended to be more functionally constrained at higher altitudes and females showed limited trait variations at the highest altitude. |
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136 |
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2075-4450 |
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yes |
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8680 |
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Douce P., Saiz H., Benot M.-l., Mermillod-blondin F., Simon L., Renault D., Vallier F., Oury Y., Fontaine M., Bittebiere A.-k. |
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Title |
Functional characteristics rather than co-occurrences determine the outcome of interactions between neighbouring plants in sub-Antarctic ponds: Consequences for macrophyte community biomass |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Freshwater biology |
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Volume |
68 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
561-576 |
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136 |
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yes |
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8677 |
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Author |
Efflam Sterenn |
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Title |
Capacités de récupération d’une mouche native des régions polaires, Anatalanta aptera, après une exposition à des pics de chaleur |
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Master 1 |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Rapport de stage de master 1 imabee, univ rennes |
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136 |
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yes |
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8753 |
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Eleftherios Ioannidis, Kathy S. Law, Jean-Christophe Raut, Louis Marelle, Tatsuo Onishi, Rachel M. Kirpes, Lucia M. Upchurch, Thomas Tuch, Alfred Wiedensohler, Andreas Massling, Henrik Skov, Patricia K. Quinn, Kerri A. Pratt |
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Title |
Modelling wintertime sea-spray aerosols under Arctic haze conditions |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5641-5678 |
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Abstract |
Anthropogenic and natural emissions contribute to enhanced concentrations of aerosols in the Arctic winter and early spring, with most attention being paid to anthropogenic aerosols that contribute to so-called Arctic haze. Less-well-studied wintertime sea-spray aerosols (SSAs) under Arctic haze conditions are the focus of this study, since they can make an important contribution to wintertime Arctic aerosol abundances. Analysis of field campaign data shows evidence for enhanced local sources of SSAs, including marine organics at Utqiaġvik (formerly known as Barrow) in northern Alaska, United States, during winter 2014. Models tend to underestimate sub-micron SSAs and overestimate super-micron SSAs in the Arctic during winter, including the base version of the Weather Research Forecast coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model used here, which includes a widely used SSA source function based on Gong et al. (1997). Quasi-hemispheric simulations for winter 2014 including updated wind speed and sea-surface temperature (SST) SSA emission dependencies and sources of marine sea-salt organics and sea-salt sulfate lead to significantly improved model performance compared to observations at remote Arctic sites, notably for coarse-mode sodium and chloride, which are reduced. The improved model also simulates more realistic contributions of SSAs to inorganic aerosols at different sites, ranging from 20 %–93 % in the observations. Two-thirds of the improved model performance is from the inclusion of the dependence on SSTs. The simulation of nitrate aerosols is also improved due to less heterogeneous uptake of nitric acid on SSAs in the coarse mode and related increases in fine-mode nitrate. This highlights the importance of interactions between natural SSAs and inorganic anthropogenic aerosols that contribute to Arctic haze. Simulation of organic aerosols and the fraction of sea-salt sulfate are also improved compared to observations. However, the model underestimates episodes with elevated observed concentrations of SSA components and sub-micron non-sea-salt sulfate at some Arctic sites, notably at Utqiaġvik. Possible reasons are explored in higher-resolution runs over northern Alaska for periods corresponding to the Utqiaġvik field campaign in January and February 2014. The addition of a local source of sea-salt marine organics, based on the campaign data, increases modelled organic aerosols over northern Alaska. However, comparison with previous available data suggests that local natural sources from open leads, as well as local anthropogenic sources, are underestimated in the model. Missing local anthropogenic sources may also explain the low modelled (sub-micron) non-sea-salt sulfate at Utqiaġvik. The introduction of a higher wind speed dependence for sub-micron SSA emissions, also based on Arctic data, reduces biases in modelled sub-micron SSAs, while sea-ice fractions, including open leads, are shown to be an important factor controlling modelled super-micron, rather than sub-micron, SSAs over the north coast of Alaska. The regional results presented here show that modelled SSAs are more sensitive to wind speed dependence but that realistic modelling of sea-ice distributions is needed for the simulation of local SSAs, including marine organics. This study supports findings from the Utqiaġvik field campaign that open leads are the primary source of fresh and aged SSAs, including marine organic aerosols, during wintertime at Utqiaġvik; these findings do not suggest an influence from blowing snow and frost flowers. To improve model simulations of Arctic wintertime aerosols, new field data on processes that influence wintertime SSA production, in particular for fine-mode aerosols, are needed as is improved understanding about possible local anthropogenic sources. |
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1215 |
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1680-7316 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8504 |
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Author |
Ella Z. Daly, Hannah Sørine Gerlich, Yves Frenot, Toke T. Høye, Martin Holmstrup, David Renault |
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Title |
Climate Change Helps Polar Invasives Establish and Flourish: Evidence from Long-Term Monitoring of the Blowfly Calliphora vicina |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
111 |
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Abstract |
The isolated sub-Antarctic islands are of major ecological interest because of their unique species diversity and long history of limited human disturbance. However, since the presence of Europeans, these islands and their sensitive biota have been under increasing pressure due to human activity and associated biological invasions. In such delicate ecosystems, biological invasions are an exceptional threat that may be further amplified by climate change. We examined the invasion trajectory of the blowfly Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy 1830). First introduced in the sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands in the 1970s, it is thought to have persisted only in sheltered microclimates for several decades. Here, we show that, in recent decades, C. vicina has been able to establish itself more widely. We combine experimental thermal developmental data with long-term ecological and meteorological monitoring to address whether warming conditions help explain its current success and dynamics in the eastern Kerguelen Islands. We found that warming temperatures and accumulated degree days could explain the species' phenological and long-term invasion dynamics, indicating that climate change has likely assisted its establishment. This study represents a unique long-term view of a polar invader and stresses the rapidly increasing susceptibility of cold regions to invasion under climate change. |
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136 |
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ISSN |
2079-7737 |
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yes |
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8676 |
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Author |
Elodie Da Silva, Emma R. Woolliams, Nicolas Picot, Jean-Christophe Poisson, Henriette Skourup, Geir Moholdt, Sara Fleury, Sajedeh Behnia, Vincent Favier, Laurent Arnaud, Jérémie Aublanc, Valentin Fouqueau, Nicolas Taburet, Julien Renou, Hervé Yesou, Angelica Tarpanelli, Stefania Camici, Renée Mie Fredensborg Hansen, Karina Nielsen, Frédéric Vivier, François Boy, Roger Fjørtoft, Mathilde Cancet, Ramiro Ferrari, Ghislain Picard, Mohammad J. Tourian, Nicolaas Sneeuw, Eric Munesa, Michel Calzas, Adrien Paris, Emmanuel Le Meur, Antoine Rabatel, Guillaume Valladeau, Pascal Bonnefond, Sylvie Labroue, Ole Andersen, Mahmoud El Hajj, Filomena Catapano, Pierre Féménias |
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Title |
Towards Operational Fiducial Reference Measurement (FRM) Data for the Calibration and Validation of the Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission over Inland Waters, Sea Ice, and Land Ice |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
4826 |
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Keywords |
FRM inland water surface height land ice height S3 land STM SAR altimeter sea ice thickness uncertainties |
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Abstract |
The Copernicus Sentinel-3 Surface Topography Mission (STM) Land Altimetry provides valuable surface elevation information over inland waters, sea ice, and land ice, thanks to its synthetic aperture radar (SAR) altimeter and its orbit that covers high-latitude polar regions. To ensure that these measurements are reliable and to maximise the return on investment, adequate validation of the geophysical retrieval methods, processing algorithms, and corrections must be performed using independent observations. The EU-ESA project St3TART (started July 2021) aims to generalise the concept of Fiducial Reference Measurements (FRMs) for the Copernicus Sentinel-3 STM. This work has gathered existing data, made new observations during field campaigns, and ensured that these observations meet the criteria of FRM standards so that they can be used to validate Sentinel-3 STM Land Altimetry products operationally. A roadmap for the operational provision of the FRM, including the definition, consolidation, and identification of the most relevant and cost-effective methods and protocols to be maintained, supported, or implemented, has been developed. The roadmap includes guidelines for SI traceability, definitions of FRM measurement procedures, processing methods, and uncertainty budget estimations. |
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411 |
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ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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2072-4292 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8698 |
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Author |
Emilie Portier, Denis Mercier, Armelle Decaulne |
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Title |
Spatial analysis and controlling factors of landslides in East Icelandic fjords |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Géomorphologie : relief, processus, environnement |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
déglaciation glissements de terrain Islande paraglaciaire |
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Abstract |
Les fjords de l’est de l’Islande concentrent de nombreux glissements de terrain. Ces phénomènes visibles par observation à distance d’images satellites et d’un Modèle Numérique de Terrain (MNT) ont été inventoriés dans cette étude, puis mesurés et analysés. Au total, 290 glissements de terrain ont été recensés au sein d’une base de données sous forme de tableur et dans un Système d’Informations Géographiques (SIG). Pour chaque glissement de terrain ont été relevées sa localisation, sa morphométrie (longueur, largeur, superficie, épaisseur, volume estimé, etc.), ainsi que de potentielles variables de contrôle notamment géologiques (lithologie, pendage), ou explicatives (orientation, âge de la déglaciation du versant affecté par le glissement de terrain). Ces variables et leur répartition ont été étudiées par analyse spatiale et statistique. Cette étude met en avant une plus forte densité de glissements de terrain dans le nord de la zone étudiée, qui pourrait s’expliquer par les directions d’écoulement de la calotte glaciaire passée, qui auraient renforcé la pression exercée sur les versants entraînant le phénomène de décompression postglaciaire. Un autre constat est une surreprésentation de glissements orientés vers l’ouest et le sud, amenant l’hypothèse d’un contrôle climatique : les versants davantage ensoleillés auraient subi une déglaciation plus rapide favorisant l’instabilité des versants. Les données recueillies suggèrent également que la lithologie (basaltes tertiaires) est une variable de contrôle et que la période pendant laquelle la zone de glissement de terrain est déglacée est une variable explicative de l'initiation du glissement de terrain. Les glissements de terrain observés s’inscriraient ainsi dans une dynamique paraglaciaire d’instabilité des versants après leur déglaciation. |
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1266 |
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ISSN |
1266-5304 |
ISBN |
9782913282988 |
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yes |
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8662 |
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Author |
Erwan Piot, Baptiste Picard, Jérôme Badaut, Caroline Gilbert, Christophe Guinet |
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Title |
Diving behaviour of southern elephant seals: new models of behavioural and ecophysiological adjustments of oxygen store management |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
226 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
jeb245157 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Among pinnipeds, southern elephant seals (SESs, Mirounga leonina) are extreme divers that dive deeply and continuously along foraging trips to restore their body stores after fasting on land during breeding or moulting. Their replenishment of body stores influences their energy expenditure during dives and their oxygen (O2) reserves (via muscular mass), yet how they manage their O2 stores during their dives is not fully understood. In this study, 63 female SESs from Kerguelen Island were equipped with accelerometers and time–depth recorders to investigate changes in diving parameters through their foraging trips. Two categories of dive behaviour were identified and related to the body size of individuals, with smaller SESs performing shallower and shorter dives requiring greater mean stroke amplitude compared with larger individuals. In relation to body size, the larger seals had lower estimated oxygen consumption levels for a given buoyancy (i.e. body density) compared with smaller individuals. However, both groups were estimated to have the same oxygen consumption of 0.079±0.001 ml O2 stroke−1 kg−1 for a given dive duration and at neutral buoyancy when the cost of transport was minimal. Based on these relationships, we built two models that estimate changes in oxygen consumption according to dive duration and body density. The study highlights that replenishing body stores improves SES foraging efficiency, as indicated by increased time spent at the bottom of the ocean. Thus, prey–capture attempts increase as SES buoyancy approaches the neutral buoyancy point. |
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1201 |
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0022-0949 |
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yes |
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8775 |
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Faith Hawthorn, Daniel Bayliss, Thomas G Wilson, Andrea Bonfanti, Vardan Adibekyan, Yann Alibert, Sérgio G Sousa, Karen A Collins, Edward M Bryant, Ares Osborn, David J Armstrong, Lyu Abe, Jack S Acton, Brett C Addison, Karim Agabi, Roi Alonso, Douglas R Alves, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Tamas Bárczy, Thomas Barclay, David Barrado, Susana C C Barros, Wolfgang Baumjohann, Philippe Bendjoya, Willy Benz, Allyson Bieryla, Xavier Bonfils, François Bouchy, Alexis Brandeker, Christopher Broeg, David J A Brown, Matthew R Burleigh, Marco Buttu, Juan Cabrera, Douglas A Caldwell, Sarah L Casewell, David Charbonneau, Sébastian Charnoz, Ryan Cloutier, Andrew Collier Cameron, Kevin I Collins, Dennis M Conti, Nicolas Crouzet, Szilárd Czismadia, Melvyn B Davies, Magali Deleuil, Elisa Delgado-Mena, Laetitia Delrez, Olivier D S Demangeon, Brice-Olivier Demory, Georgina Dransfield, Xavier Dumusque, Jo Ann Egger, David Ehrenreich, Philipp Eigmüller, Anders Erickson, Zahra Essack, Andrea Fortier, Luca Fossati, Malcolm Fridlund, Maximilian N Günther, Manuel Güdel, Davide Gandolfi, Harvey Gillard, Michaël Gillon, Crystal Gnilka, Michael R Goad, Robert F Goeke, Tristan Guillot, Andreas Hadjigeorghiou, Coel Hellier, Beth A Henderson, Kevin Heng, Matthew J Hooton, Keith Horne, Steve B Howell, Sergio Hoyer, Jonathan M Irwin, James S Jenkins, Jon M Jenkins, Eric L N Jensen, Stephen R Kane, Alicia Kendall, John F Kielkopf, Laszlo L Kiss, Gaia Lacedelli, Jacques Laskar, David W Latham, Alain Lecavalier des Etangs, Adrien Leleu, Monika Lendl, Jorge Lillo-Box, Christophe Lovis, Djamel Mékarnia, Bob Massey, Tamzin Masters, Pierre F L Maxted, Valerio Nascimbeni, Louise D Nielsen, Sean M O’Brien, Göran Olofsson, Hugh P Osborn, Isabella Pagano, Enric Pallé, Carina M Persson, Giampaolo Piotto, Peter Plavchan, Don Pollacco, Didier Queloz, Roberto Ragazzoni, Heike Rauer, Ignasi Ribas, George Ricker, Damien Ségransan, Sébastien Salmon, Alexandre Santerne, Nuno C Santos, Gaetano Scandariato, François-Xavier Schmider, Richard P Schwarz, Sara Seager, Avi Shporer, Attila E Simon, Alexis M S Smith, Gregor Srdoc, Manfred Steller, Olga Suarez, Gyula M Szabó, Johanna Teske, Nicolas Thomas, Rosanna H Tilbrook, Amaury H M J Triaud, Stéphane Udry, Valérie Van Grootel, Nicholas Walton, Sharon X Wang, Peter J Wheatley, Joshua N Winn, Robert A Wittenmyer, Hui Zhang |
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Title |
TOI-836: A super-Earth and mini-Neptune transiting a nearby K-dwarf |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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Volume |
520 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
3649-3668 |
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Abstract |
We present the discovery of two exoplanets transiting TOI-836 (TIC 440887364) using data from TESS Sector 11 and Sector 38. TOI-836 is a bright (T = 8.5 mag), high proper motion (∼200 mas yr−1), low metallicity ([Fe/H]≈−0.28) K-dwarf with a mass of 0.68 ± 0.05 M⊙ and a radius of 0.67 ± 0.01 R⊙. We obtain photometric follow-up observations with a variety of facilities, and we use these data sets to determine that the inner planet, TOI-836 b, is a 1.70 ± 0.07 R⊕ super-Earth in a 3.82-d orbit, placing it directly within the so-called ‘radius valley’. The outer planet, TOI-836 c, is a 2.59 ± 0.09 R⊕ mini-Neptune in an 8.60-d orbit. Radial velocity measurements reveal that TOI-836 b has a mass of 4.5 ± 0.9 M⊕, while TOI-836 c has a mass of 9.6 ± 2.6 M⊕. Photometric observations show Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) on the order of 20 min for TOI-836 c, although there are no detectable TTVs for TOI-836 b. The TTVs of planet TOI-836 c may be caused by an undetected exterior planet. |
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Programme |
1066 |
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ISSN |
0035-8711 |
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Approved |
yes |
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8648 |
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