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Boulinier, T., Kada, S., Ponchon, A., Dupraz, M., Dietrich, M., Gamble, A., Bourret, V., Duriez, O., Bazire, R., Tornos, J., Tveraa, T., Chambert, T., Garnier, R. & McCoy, K.D. |
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Title |
Migration, prospecting, dispersal? What host movement matters for infectious agent circulation? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
330-42 |
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Abstract |
Spatial disease ecology is emerging as a new field that requires the integration of complementary approaches to address how the distribution and movements of hosts and parasites may condition the dynamics of their interactions. In this context, migration, the seasonal movement of animals to different zones of their distribution, is assumed to play a key role in the broad scale circulation of parasites and pathogens. Nevertheless, migration is not the only type of host movement that can influence the spatial ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Dispersal, the movement of individuals between the location where they were born or bred to a location where they breed, has attracted attention as another important type of movement for the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases. Host dispersal has notably been identified as a key factor for the evolution of host–parasite interactions as it implies gene flow among local host populations and thus can alter patterns of coevolution with infectious agents across spatial scales. However, not all movements between host populations lead to dispersal per se. One type of host movement that has been neglected, but that may also play a role in parasite spread is prospecting, i.e., movements targeted at selecting and securing new habitat for future breeding. Prospecting movements, which have been studied in detail in certain social species, could result in the dispersal of infectious agents among different host populations without necessarily involving host dispersal. In this article, we outline how these various types of host movements might influence the circulation of infectious disease agents and discuss methodological approaches that could be used to assess their importance. We specifically focus on examples from work on colonial seabirds, ticks, and tick-borne infectious agents. These are convenient biological models because they are strongly spatially structured and involve relatively simple communities of interacting species. Overall, this review emphasizes that explicit consideration of the behavioral and population ecology of hosts and parasites is required to disentangle the relative roles of different types of movement for the spread of infectious diseases. |
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1151 |
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1540-7063 |
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yes |
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6486 |
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Author |
Karl-Ludwig Klein |
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Title |
Extreme SEP events and radiation doses aboard aircraft |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2016 |
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227 |
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6485 |
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Wang, Y., Ding, M., van Wessem, J. M., Schlosser, E., Altnau, S., van den Broeke, M. R., et al. |
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A comparison of Antarctic Ice Sheet surface mass balance from atmospheric climate models and in situ observations. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of climate |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
5317-5337 |
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411 |
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0894-8755 |
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yes |
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6484 |
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Author |
G. Hubert |
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Title |
Analyses of cosmic ray induced-neutron based on spectrometers operated simultaneously at mid-latitude and Antarctica High-altitude stations during quiet solar activity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Astroparticle physics |
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Volume |
83 |
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30-39 |
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Abstract |
In this paper are described a new neutron spectrometer which operate in the Concordia station (Antarc- tica, Dome C) since December 2015. This instrument complements a network including neutron spec- trometers operating in the Pic-du-Midi and the Pico dos Dias. Thus, this work present an analysis of cosmic ray induced-neutron based on spectrometers operated simultaneously in the Pic-du-Midi and the Concordia stations during a quiet solar activity. The both high station platforms allow for investigating the long period dynamics to analyze the spectral variation and effects of local and seasonal changes, but also the short term dynamics during solar flare events. A first part is devoted to analyze the count rates, the spectrum and the neutron fluxes, implying cross-comparisons between data obtained in the both stations. In a second part, measurements analyses were reinforced by modeling based on simulations of atmospheric cascades according to primary spectra which only depend on the solar modulation potential. |
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1112 |
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0927-6505 |
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yes |
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6483 |
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Author |
Q Schull, V A Viblanc, A Stier, H Saadaoui, E Lefol, F Criscuolo, P Bize, J-P Robin |
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Title |
The oxidative debt of fasting: evidence for short to medium-term costs of advanced fasting in adult king penguins |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Exp. Biol. |
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Volume |
219 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
3284-3293 |
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Abstract |
Skip to Next Section In response to prolonged periods of fasting, animals have evolved metabolic adaptations helping to mobilize body reserves and/or reduce metabolic rate to ensure a longer usage of reserves. However, those metabolic changes can be associated with higher exposure to oxidative stress, raising the question of how species that naturally fast during their life cycle avoid an accumulation of oxidative damage over time. King penguins repeatedly cope with fasting periods of up to several weeks. Here, we investigated how adult male penguins deal with oxidative stress after an experimentally induced moderate fasting period (PII) or an advanced fasting period (PIII). After fasting in captivity, birds were released to forage at sea. We measured plasmatic oxidative stress on the same individuals at the start and end of the fasting period and when they returned from foraging at sea. We found an increase in activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase along with fasting. However, PIII individuals showed higher oxidative damage at the end of the fast compared with PII individuals. When they returned from re-feeding at sea, all birds had recovered their initial body mass and exhibited low levels of oxidative damage. Notably, levels of oxidative damage after the foraging trip were correlated to the rate of mass gain at sea in PIII individuals but not in PII individuals. Altogether, our results suggest that fasting induces a transitory exposure to oxidative stress and that effort to recover in body mass after an advanced fasting period may be a neglected carryover cost of fasting. |
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119 |
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0022-0949 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6482 |
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Author |
V. A. Viblanc, B. Gineste, J-P Robin, R Groscolas |
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Title |
Breeding status affects the hormonal and metabolic response to acute stress in a long-lived seabird, the king penguin |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
General and comparative endocrinology |
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Volume |
236 |
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Pages |
139-145 |
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Abstract |
Stress responses are suggested to physiologically underlie parental decisions promoting the redirection of behaviour away from offspring care when survival is jeopardized (e.g., when facing a predator). Besides this classical view, the “brood-value hypothesis” suggests that parents’ stress responses may be adaptively attenuated to increase fitness, ensuring continued breeding when the relative value of the brood is high. Here, we test the brood-value hypothesis in breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), long-lived seabirds for which the energy commitment to reproduction is high. We subjected birds at different breeding stages (courtship, incubation and chick brooding) to an acute 30-min capture stress and measured their hormonal (corticosterone, CORT) and metabolic (non-esterified fatty acid, NEFA) responses to stress. We found that CORT responses were markedly attenuated in chick-brooding birds when compared to earlier stages of breeding (courtship and incubation). In addition, NEFA responses appeared to be rapidly attenuated in incubating and brooding birds, but a progressive increase in NEFA plasma levels in courting birds suggested energy mobilization to deal with the threat. Our results support the idea that stress responses may constitute an important life-history mechanism mediating parental reproductive decisions in relation to their expected fitness outcome. |
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119 |
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0016-6480 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6339 |
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Author |
Ertz D., Søchting U., Gadea A., Charrier M., Poulsen R.S. |
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Title |
Ducatina umbilicata gen. et sp. nov., a remarkable Trapeliaceae from the subantarctic islands in the Indian Ocean |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Lichenologist |
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Volume |
49 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
127-140 |
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Abstract |
AbstractThe new genus and species Ducatina umbilicata is described from Îles Crozet and Îles Kerguelen. This lichen is characterized by an umbilicate thallus with a black verrucose lower surface and a greyish to dark olivaceous smooth upper surface having large verrucae, large semi-immersed cephalodia, semi-immersed apothecia with a prominent thalline margin, simple, mainly ellipsoid ascospores of 23–42×12–25 µm and the presence of unknown chemical compounds. Phylogenetic analyses using nuLSU and mtSSU sequences place Ducatina in the Trapeliaceae (Baeomycetales). The new taxon is closely related to Orceolina antarctica and O. kerguelensis, two other lichens endemic to these subantarctic islands, differing by its morphology and the lack of chemical compounds. Ducatina is the only genus in the Trapeliaceae to develop a large umbilicate thallus. |
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136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0024-2829 |
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yes |
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6481 |
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Ellis L.T., Aleffi M., Alegro A., Segota V., Asthana A.K., Gupta R., Singh V.J., Bakalin V.A., Bednarek-Ochyra H., Cykowska-Marzencka B., Benitez A., Borovichev E.A., Vilnet A.A., Konstantinova N.A., Buck W.R., Cacciatoro C., Sérgio C., Csiky J., Deme J., Kovács D., Damsholt K., Enroth J., Erzberger P., Fedosov V.E., Fuertes E., Gradstein S.R., Gremmen N.J.M., Hallingbäck T., Jukonienė I., Kiebacher T., Larraín J., Lebouvier M., Lüth M., Mamontov Yu.S., Potemkin A.D., Nemeth Cs., Nieuwkoop J.A.W., Nobis M., Węgrzyn M., Wietrzyk P., Osorio F., Parnikoza I., Virchenko V.M., Peralta D.F., Carmo D. M., Plášek V., Skoupá Z., Poponessi S., Venanzoni R., Puche F., Purger D., Reeb C., Rios R., Rodriguez-Quiel E., Arrocha C., Sabovljević M.S., Nikolić N., Sabovljević A.D., dos Santos E.L., Segarra-Moragues J.G., Ştefănuţ S., Stončius D. |
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Title |
New national and regional bryophyte records, 48 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of bryology |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
235-259 |
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136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
0373-6687 |
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yes |
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6480 |
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Author |
Palerme, C., C. Genthon, C. Claud · J. E. Kay, N. B. Wood, T. L’Ecuyer, |
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Title |
Evaluation of current and projected Antarctic precipitation in CMIP5 models |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Climate Dynamics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
225-239 |
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Abstract |
On average, the models in the Fifth Climate Model Intercomparison Project archive predict an increase in Antarctic precipitation from 5.5 to 24.5 % between 1986–2005 and 2080–2099, depending on greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. This translates into a moderation of future sea level rise ranging from −19 to −71 mm between 2006 and 2099. However, comparison with CloudSat and ERA-Interim data show that almost all the models overestimate current Antarctic precipitation, some by more than 100 %. If only the models that agree with CloudSat data within 20 % of error are considered, larger precipitation changes (from 7.4 to 29.3 %) and impact on sea level (from −25 to −85 mm) are predicted. A common practice of averaging all models to evaluate climate projections thus leads to a significant underestimation of the contribution of Antarctic precipitation to future sea level. Models simulate, on average, a 7.4 %/°C precipitation change with surface temperature warming. The models in better agreement with CloudSat observations for Antarctic snowfall predict, on average, larger temperature and Antarctic sea ice cover changes, which could explain the larger changes in Antarctic precipitation simulated by these models. The agreement between the models, CloudSat data and ERA-Interim is generally less in the interior of Antarctica than at the peripheries, but the interior is also where climate change will induce the smallest absolute change in precipitation. About three-quarters of the impact on sea level will result from precipitation change over the half most peripheral and lowest elevation part of the surface of Antarctica. |
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1143 |
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0930-7575 |
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yes |
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6479 |
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Cunningham, G. B., Leclaire, S., Toscani, C. & Bonadonna, F. Journal of Avian Biology |
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Title |
Responses of King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adults and chicks to two food-related odours. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Journal of Avian Biology |
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Volume |
48 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
235-242 |
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Abstract |
Increasing evidence suggests that penguins are sensitive to dimethyl sulphide (DMS), a scented compound that a variety of marine animals use to find productive areas of the ocean where prey is likely to be found. Here we present data demonstrating showing that King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are also sensitive to DMS. We deployed DMS on a lake near a King penguin colony at Ratmanoff beach in the Kerguelen archipelago. We also presented DMS to sleeping adults on the beach. On the lake, penguins responded to the DMS deployments by swimming more, while on the beach, penguins twitched their heads and woke up more for the DMS than for the control presentations. Interestingly, penguins did not respond to cod liver oil deployments on the lake; mirroring at-sea studies of other penguins. Although at-sea studies are needed to confirm that King penguins use DMS as a surface cue that informs them of productivity under the water, this study is an important first step in understanding how these birds locate prey over significant distances. |
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354 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0908-8857 |
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yes |
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6478 |
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