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Author |
Willener A.S.T., Handrich Y., Halsey L.G. & S. Strike |
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Title |
Fat king Penguins are less Steady on their feet. |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Plos one |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0147784 |
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Abstract |
Returning to the shore after a feeding sojourn at sea, king penguins often undertake a relatively long terrestrial journey to the breeding colony carrying a heavy, mostly frontal, accumulation of fat along with food in the stomach for chick-provisioning. There they must survive a fasting period of up to a month in duration, during which their complete reliance on endogenous energy stores results in a dramatic loss in body mass. Our aim was to determine if the king penguin’s walking gait changes with variations in body mass. We investigated this by walking king penguins on a treadmill while instrumented with an acceleration data logger. The stride frequency, dynamic body acceleration (DBA) and posture of fat (pre-fasting; 13.2 kg) and slim (post fasting; 11 kg) king penguins were assessed while they walked at the same speed (1.4km/h) on a treadmill. Paired statistical tests indicated no evidence for a difference in dynamic body acceleration or stride frequency between the two body masses however there was substantially less variability in both leaning angle and the leaning amplitude of the body when the birds were slimmer. Furthermore, there was some evidence that the slimmer birds exhibited a decrease in waddling amplitude. We suggest the increase in variability of both leaning angle and amplitude, as well as a possibly greater variability in the waddling amplitude, is likely to result from the frontal fat accumulation when the birds are heavier, which may move the centre of mass anteriorly, resulting in a less stable upright posture. This study is the first to use accelerometry to better understand the gait of a species within a specific ecological context: the considerable body mass change exhibited by king penguins. |
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1932-6203 |
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yes |
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6516 |
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Teten'kin A., Smith H.L., Henry A. |
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Title |
Archaeological evidence for the construction of artificial structures at the Kovrizhka site, Siberia, during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Paleoamerica |
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1140 |
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2055-5563 |
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yes |
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6515 |
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C. Larose, A. Morris, T. M. Vogel |
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Title |
Carbon and temperature effects on microbial communities living in the snow |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Isme journal |
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ISME J |
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This is a presentation given at the ISME meeting in Montreal, August 2016 |
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399 |
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1751-7362 |
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yes |
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6514 |
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Author |
Della Penna, A., Koubbi, P., Cotte, C., Bon, C., Bost, C.A., d'Ovidio, F. |
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Title |
Lagrangian analysis of multi-satellite data in support of open ocean Marine Protected Area design |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Deep-sea research part ii-topical studies in oceanography |
Abbreviated Journal |
Deep Sea Res. Part II Top. Stud. Oceanogr. |
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Compared to ecosystem conservation in territorial seas, protecting the open ocean has peculiar geopolitical, economic and scientific challenges. One of the major obstacle is defining the boundary of an open ocean Marine Protected Area (MPA). In contrast to coastal ecosystems, which are mostly constrained by topographic structures fixed in time, the life of marine organisms in the open ocean is entrained by fluid dynamical structures like eddies and fronts, whose lifetime occurs on ecologically-relevant timescales. The position of these highly dynamical structures can vary interannually by hundreds of km, and so too will regions identified as ecologically relevant such as the foraging areas of marine predators. Thus, the expected foraging locations suggested from tracking data cannot be directly extrapolated beyond the year in which the data were collected. Here we explore the potential of Lagrangian methods applied to multisatellite data as a support tool for a MPA proposal by focusing on the Crozet archipelago oceanic area (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean). By combining remote sensing with biologging information from a key marine top predator (Eudyptes chrysolophus, or Macaroni penguin) of the Southern Ocean foodweb, we identify a highly dynamic branch of the Subantarctic front as a foraging hotspot. By tracking this feature in historical satellite data (1993–2012) we are able to extrapolate the position of this foraging ground beyond the years in which tracking data are available and study its spatial variability. |
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394 |
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0967-0645 |
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yes |
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6513 |
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Author |
Ouisse T., Bonte D., Lebouvier M., Hendrickx F., Renault D. |
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Title |
The importance of relative humidity and trophic resources in governing ecological niche of the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus in the Kerguelen archipelago |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of insect physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
0022-1910 |
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Volume |
93-94 |
Issue |
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Pages |
42-49 |
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Abstract |
Comprehensive studies to identify species-specific drivers of survival to environmental stress, reproduction, growth, and recruitment are vital to gaining a better understanding of the main ecological factors shaping species habitat distribution and dispersal routes. The present study performed a field-based assessment of habitat distribution in the invasive carabid beetle Merizodus soledadinus for the Kerguelen archipelago. The results emphasised humid habitats as a key element of the insect’s realised niche. In addition, insects faced food and water stress during dispersal events. We evaluated quantitatively how water availability and trophic resources governed the spatial distribution of this invasive predatory insect at Îles Kerguelen. Food and water stress survival durations [in 100%, 70%, and 30% relative humidity (RH) conditions] and changes in a set of primary metabolic compounds (metabolomics) were determined. Adult M. soledadinus supplied with water ad libitum were highly tolerant to prolonged starvation (LT50 = 51.7 ± 6.2 d). However, food-deprived insect survival decreased rapidly in moderate (70% RH, LT50 = 30.37 ± 1.39 h) and low (30% RH, LT50 = 13.03 ± 0.48 h) RH conditions. Consistently, body water content decreased rapidly in insects exposed to 70% and 30% RH. Metabolic variation evidenced the effects of food deprivation in control insects (exposed to 100% RH), which exhibited a progressive decline of most glycolytic sugars and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Most metabolite levels were elevated levels during the first few hours of exposure to 30% and 70% RH. Augmented alanine and lactate levels suggested a shift to anaerobic metabolism. Simultaneously, peaks in threonine and glycolytic sugars pointed to metabolic disruption and a progressive physiological breakdown in dehydrating individuals. Overall, the results of our study indicate that the geographic distribution of M. soledadinus populations is highly dependent on habitat RH and water accessibility. |
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136 |
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0022-1910 |
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yes |
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6512 |
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Ellis L.T., Asthana A.K., Srivastava P., Omar I., Rawat K.K., Sahu V., Cano M.J., Costa D.P., Dias E.M., Dias dos Santos N., Silva J.B., Fedosov V.E., Kozhin M.N., Ignatova E.A., Germano S.R., Golovina E.O., Gremmen N.J.M., Ion R., Ştefănuţ S., von Konrat M., Jimenez M.S., Suárez G.M., Kiebacher T., Lebouvier M., Long D.G., Maity D., Ochyra R., Parnikova I., Plášek V., Fialová L., Skoupá Z., Poponessi S., Aleffi M., Sabovljević M.S., Żarnowiec J., Larraín J. |
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Title |
New national and regional bryophyte records, 46 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of bryology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Bryol. |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
47-63 |
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136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0373-6687 |
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yes |
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6511 |
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Merieme Chadid, Jean Vernin, Lyu Abe, Karim Agabi, George Jumper, George W. Preston, Chris Sneden, Liyong Liu, Yongqiang Yao, H.-S Wang, Éric Aristidi, J.-P. Rivet, Marcel Carbillet, Ch. Giordano, E. Bondoux, L. Moggio, H. Trinquet |
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Title |
Opening a new window on the southern stars for less money: PAIX the first Antarctica polar mission photometer |
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Conference - International - Article with Reading Comitee |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
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Volume |
9908 |
Issue |
SPIE 9908, Ground-based and Airborne Instrumentat |
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Abstract |
In this invited paper, we implement a new way to study the stellar oscillations, pulsations and their evolutionary properties with long uninterrupted and continuous precision observations over 150 days from the ground, and without the regular interruptions imposed by the earth rotation. PAIX–First Robotic Antarctica Polar Mission– gives a new insight to cope with unresolved stellar enigma and stellar oscillation challenges and offers a great opportunity to benefit from an access to the best astronomical site on Earth –DomeC–. The project is made of low cost commercial components, and achieves astrophysical measurement time-series of stellar physics fields, challenging photometry from space that shows large gaps in terms of flexibility during the observing runs, the choice of targets, the repair of failures and the inexorable high costs. PAIX has yet more advantages than space missions in observing in UBV RI bands and then collecting unprecedented simultaneous multicolor light curves of several targets. We give a brief history of the Astronomy in Antarctica and describe the first polar robotized mission PAIX and the outcome of stellar physics from the heart of Antarctica during several polar nights. We briefly discuss our first results and perspectives on the pulsating stars and its evolution from Antarctica, especially the connection between temporal hydrodynamic phenomena and cyclic modulations. Finally, we highlight the impact of PAIX on the stellar physics study and the remaining challenges to successfully accomplish the Universe explorations under extreme conditions. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only. |
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1096 |
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yes |
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6510 |
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Tsuruta, A., T. Aalto, L. Backman, J. Hakkarainen, I.T. van der Laan-Luijkx, M.C. Krol, R. Spahni, S. Houweling, M. Laine, E. Dlugokencky, A.J. Gomez-Pelaez, M. van der Schoot, R. Langenfelds, R. Ellul, A. J., F. Apadula, C. Gerbig, D.G. Feist, R. Kivi, Y. Yoshida, and W. Peters |
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Title |
Development of CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 – Part 2: global methane emission estimates and their evaluation for 2000–2012. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Geoscientific model development discussions |
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Gobal methane emissions were estimated for 2000–2012 using the CarbonTracker Europe-CH4 (CTE-CH4) data assimilation system. In CTE-CH4, the anthropogenic and biosphere emissions of CH4 are simultaneously constrained by global atmospheric in-situ methane mole fraction observations. We use three configurations developed in Tsuruta et al. (2016) to assess the sensitivity of the CH4 flux estimates to (a) the number of unknown flux scaling factors to be optimized which in turn depends on the choice of underlying land-ecosystem map, and (b) on the parametrization of vertical mixing in the 30 atmospheric transport model TM5. The posterior emission estimates were evaluated by comparing simulations to surface in-situ observation sites, to profile observations made by aircraft, to dry air total column-averaged mole fractions (XCH4) observations from the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON), and to XCH4 retrievals from the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Our estimated posterior mean global total emissions during 2000–2012 are 516 $\pm$ 51 Tg CH4 yr\textminus1, and emission estimates during 2007–2012 are 18 Tg CH4 yr\textminus1 greater than those from 2001–2006, mainly driven by an 35 increase in emissions from the south America temperate region, the Asia temperate region and Asia tropics. The sensitivity of the flux estimates to the underlying ecosystem map was large for the Asia temperate region and Australia, but not significant in the northern latitude regions, i.e. the north American boreal region, the north American temperate region and Europe. Instead, the posterior estimates for the northern latitude regions show larger sensitivity to the choice of convection scheme in TM5. The Gregory et al. (2000) mixing scheme with faster interhemispheric exchange leads to higher estimated CH4 emissions at northern latitudes, and lower emissions in southern latitudes, compared to the estimates using Tiedtke (1989) convection scheme. Our evaluation with non-assimilated observations showed that posterior mole fractions were better matched with the 5 observations when Gregory et al. (2000) convection scheme was used. |
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1991-962X |
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yes |
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6509 |
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A. Reverdy and H.-W. Jacobi |
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Snow height and snow water equivalent measurements at Ny-Alesund; Ny-Ålesund Atmosphere Flagship open work group meetings, Kjeller, Norway, October 2016. |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2016 |
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1126 |
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yes |
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6508 |
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Hennion F., Litrico I., Bartish I.V., Weigelt A., Bouchereau A. & Prinzing A. |
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Title |
Ecologically diverse and distinct neighbourhoods trigger persistent phenotypic consequences, and amine metabolic profiling detects them |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Journal of ecology |
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104 |
Issue |
1 |
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125-137 |
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* Global change triggers rapid alterations in the composition and diversity of plant communities which may change ecosystem functioning. Do changes in community diversity also change traits persistently, that is does coexistence with numerous or functionally or phylogenetically distinct species trigger, in a given focal species, trait shifts that persist? * We studied the grass Dactylis glomerata. Dactylis was grown in experimental plots with different species compositions for 5 years, sampled, cloned and grown in a common garden. We studied amines, regulators integrating growth responses of organisms to their environment. * We found that the mean levels and variances of most amines depended on the diversity of the source community, notably the species richness and the phylogenetic and functional distinctness from Dactylis, unbiased by species identity or biomass shifts. * Synthesis. Our results suggest that different levels of ambient diversity can, within a few years, select for different genotypes which have different compositions of growth regulators. Our study also suggests that a plant species can evolve in response to the diversity or distinctness of the surrounding plant community. Evolutionary changes of plant phenotypes might mediate an impact of past biological diversity on present ecosystem functioning. |
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1116 |
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0022-0477 |
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yes |
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6507 |
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