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Fromant Aymeric, Carravieri Alice, Bustamante Paco, Labadie Pierre, Budzinski Hélène, Peluhet Laurent, Churlaud Carine, Chastel Olivier, Cherel Yves |
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Title |
Wide range of metallic and organic contaminants in various tissues of the Antarctic prion, a planktonophagous seabird from the Southern Ocean |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science of the total environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci. Total Environ. |
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Volume |
544 |
Issue |
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Pages |
754–764 |
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Abstract |
Trace elements (n = 14) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs, n = 30) were measured in blood, liver, kidney, muscle and feathers of 10 Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) from Kerguelen Islands, southern Indian Ocean, in order to assess their concentrations, tissue distribution, and inter-tissue and inter-contaminant relationships. Liver, kidney and feathers presented the highest burdens of arsenic, cadmium and mercury, respectively. Concentrations of cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc correlated in liver and muscle, suggesting that uptake and pathways of metabolism and storage were similar for these elements. The major POPs were 4,4′-DDE, mirex, PCB-153 and PCB-138. The concentrations and tissue distribution patterns of environmental contaminants were overall in accordance with previous results in other seabirds. Conversely, some Antarctic prions showed surprisingly high concentrations of BDE-209. This compound has been rarely observed in seabirds before, and its presence in Antarctic prions could be due to the species feeding habits or to the ingestion of plastic debris. Overall, the study shows that relatively lower trophic level seabirds (zooplankton-eaters) breeding in the remote southern Indian Ocean are exposed to a wide range of environmental contaminants, in particular cadmium, selenium and some emerging-POPs, which merits further toxicological investigations. |
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109 |
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0048-9697 |
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yes |
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6536 |
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Marianne Gabirot, Jérôme Mardon, Sylvie Campagna, Nigel West, Francesco Bonadonna, and Sandra M. Saunders |
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Title |
Guidelines for collecting and extracting avian odors in remote field: Case study of a subantarctic seabird |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2016 |
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Pages |
435-460 |
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in Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 13. Recent research on avian chemical signalling has highlighted the need for new appropriate protocols especially for sampling, and analyzing, compounds borne by individuals Although many studies have already examined the chemical substances secreted by birds, only few works have done so from the perspective of chemical communication and none have focused on the actual airborne compounds which make up the final odor. As well as the relative infancy of the field, this gap originates from the absence of an appropriate methodological framework. In this study, we provide a methodological guideline of various combinations of sampling and extraction techniques that have been developed and tested in our research. These include: analysis of (i) uropygial secretion samples by solvent extraction, (ii) feather lipids by solvent extraction, (iii) feather lipids by direct solid-phase thermal desorption, (iv) cotton swab (rubbed on bird) by solid phase microextraction, (v) cotton swab by direct solid-phase thermal desorption and (vi) airborne volatiles by thermal desorption. To achieve this, we used the particular case study of blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea), a Sub-antarctic procellariiform seabird, living on remote islands and known for its good olfactory capabilities. Outcomes from the different methods are presented in terms of chromatographic quality, the number and properties of the analytes resolved and their suitability for the work in isolated locations. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed together with challenges that remain to make the new protocols presented more robust for field chemo-ecologists. |
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354 |
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yes |
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6535 |
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C. Genthon, D. Six, C. Scarchilli, V. Ciardini and M. Frezzotti |
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Title |
Meteorological and snow accumulation gradients across Dome C, East Antarctic plateau |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International journal of climatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
455 – 466 |
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Abstract |
In situ observations show that snow accumulation is ∼10% larger 25 km north than south of the summit of Dome C on the east antarctic plateau. The mean wind direction is southerly. Although a slight slope-related diverging katabatic flow component is detectable, the area is an essentially flat (∼10 m elevation change or less) homogeneous snow surface. The European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts meteorological analyses data reproduce a significant accumulationgradient and suggest that 90% of the the mean accumulation results from the 25% largest precipitation events. During these events, air masses originate from coastal areas in the north rather than from inland in the south. Radiative cooling condensation occurs on the way across the dome and as the moisture reservoir is depleted less snow is dumped 25 km south than north, withlittle direct impact from the local (50-km scale) topography. Air masses are warmer on average, and warmer north than south, when originating from the coast. This marginally affects the mean temperature gradients. The moisture gradients are more affected because moisture is nonlinearly related to temperature: the mean atmospheric moisture is larger north than south.Significant meteorological and hydrological gradients over such relatively small distances (50 km) over locally flat region may be an issue when interpreting ice cores: although cores are drilled at the top of domes and ridges where the slopes andelevation gradients are minimal, they sample small surfaces in areas affected by significant eteorological and hydrologicalspatial gradients. |
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411 |
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ISSN |
0899-8418 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6534 |
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Author |
J.C. Aymes, M. Vignon, E. Beall, F. Guéraud, P. Gaudin |
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Title |
Age validation of the Kerguelen Islands brown trout, Salmo trutta L.,and selection of the otolith optimal zone for investigating chronological data series |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Fisheries research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
176 |
Pages |
22–29 |
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Abstract |
The selection of an otolith optimal zone where to obtain interpretable chronological data (e.g. chemicaltransect, increment width) and valid age estimation is fundamental if otoliths are to be used as an effectivetool for investigating life history traits or environments experienced by fish. In the remote sub-AntarcticKerguelen Islands (49◦S, 70◦E), introduced brown trout populations are invading the archipelago sincethe 50’s and life histories information is of great interest to understand the invasion dynamics. Unfortu-nately, few studies have used otolith as a tool to estimate brown trout age at these extreme latitudes andlittle is known about otolith growth and annulus formation in these sub-polar conditions. Furthermore,no formal procedure exists at the population level to select an otolith optimal zone where to concomi-tantly extract chronological data aiming at investigating life history traits and growth chronologies. Inthis context, the aims of this study were (1) to validate the otolith age estimation method by the deter-mination of the position of the first annulus and the annual formation of subsequent annuli; (2) to definean optimal zone where chronological data could be coupled to age estimates. A brown trout populationlocated near the Port-au-Franc¸ ais station was studied and sampled repeatedly using mark-recapturemethod and Alizarin Red S marking. After to 2 years of recaptures 53 sagittae were analysed. A compositeindex was created to select an optimal zone where chronological data transects have the maximum prob-abilities to cross readable annuli. Results showed that brown trout forms annuli at the end of September,starting with the first winter after the December hatching. Annulus formation up to 2 years after mark-ing was validated. The area between 80◦and 120◦perpendicular to the rostrum/core axis was optimalfor the positioning of data transect. The proposed formal approach allows distinguishing the zone thatidentifies the best compromise between spatial resolution and precise annulus positioning along otolithchronological series.AcknowledgementsWe thank the French Polar Institute (IPEV, Institut PolairePaul-Emile Victor) for the financial support of the Program 1041SALMEVOL; we thank Jacques Labonne for his management of theprogram from 2008 to 2013.We thank Margaret Lang for providingwriting assistance that lead to the clarity of the English language.We thank Jacques Rives and Franc¸ ois Guéraud for otolith and scaleanalysis. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments thatlead to substantial improvements in the manuscript. We gratefullyacknowledge the logistical support provided by the TAAF adminis-tration and the Southern French Natural Reserve at Kerguelen. Thefieldwork would not have been possible without the help and sup-port of the IPEV logistics team (Romuald Bellec, Yann Lemeur, NinaMarchand) and all the people involved in the SALMEVOL summercampaign (Stephane Betoulle, Eduardo Vicente Dopico-Rodriguez,Emily Farcy, Franc¸ ois Guéraud, José-Luis Horreo-Escandon, RenaudKaeuffer, Jacques Rives, Thibault Thellier, Julien Tremblay). |
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1041 |
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0165-7836 |
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yes |
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6533 |
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Cristofari Robin, Bertorelle Giorgio, Ancel André, Benazzo Andrea, Le Maho Yvon, Ponganis Paul J., Stenseth Nils Christian, Trathan Phil N., Whittington Jason D., Zanetti Enrico, Zitterbart Daniel P., Trucchi Emiliano & Le Bohec Céline |
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Title |
Full circumpolar migration ensures evolutionary unity in the Emperor penguin |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Nature communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
11842 |
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Abstract |
Defining reliable demographic models is essential to understand the threats of ongoing environmental change. Yet, in the most remote and threatened areas, models are often based on the survey of a single population, assuming stationarity and independence in population responses. This is the case for the Emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri, a flagship Antarctic species that may be at high risk continent-wide before 2100. Here, using genome-wide data from the whole Antarctic continent, we reveal that this top-predator is organized as one single global population with a shared demography since the late Quaternary. We refute the view of the local population as a relevant demographic unit, and highlight that (i) robust extinction risk estimations are only possible by including dispersal rates and (ii) colony-scaled population size is rather indicative of local stochastic events, whereas the species’ response to global environmental change is likely to follow a shared evolutionary trajectory. |
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137 |
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2041-1723 |
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yes |
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6532 |
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Author |
Eduardo Dopico & Eva Garcia-Vazquez |
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Title |
Outreach channels for polar science: an expedition to Kerguelen Islands as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Advances in polar science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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31-38 |
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This paper reviews the major contributions made by Norwegian scientists to Arctic environmental sciences since the 1880s.The review begins with the first International Polar Year (IPY) in 1882-83. It then considers the 1890s to 1920s with the scientific expeditions focusing on ocean and sea ice conditions of Nansen, Amundsen and H. Sverdrup, and the mapping of the Queen Elizabeth Islands by Otto Sverdrup and colleagues. The period from 1911 to the mid-1920s also witnessed annual expeditions to Svalbard led by Adolf Hoel. The 1930s to 1945 period encompassed the Second International Polar Year when Arctic weather stations were established or maintained. The time interval post-World War II to 2000 witnessed major advancesmade possible by technical and organizational innovations. The establishment of the Norwegian Polar Institute in 1948 led to extensive research on the glaciers and snow cover in the Svalbard archipelago and to oceanographic and sea ice research in the Barents Sea and Arctic Ocean. Remote sensing methods began to be widely used from the 1980s. The new millennium saw theundertaking of the third IPY and a shift to multinational projects. New fields such as ocean–ice–atmosphere variability became active and there was much attention to high-latitude climate change in the context of global warming. |
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1041 |
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1674-9928 |
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yes |
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6531 |
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Zvénigorosky V., Crubézy E. , Gibert M. , Thèves C., Hollard C., Gonzalez A., Fedorova S. Alexeeve A. , Bravinae R. , Ludes B., Keyser C |
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Title |
The genetics of kinship in remote human groups. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Forensic science international-genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Forensic Sci Int Genet |
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Volume |
25 |
Issue |
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Pages |
52-62 |
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Abstract |
For fifteen years, part of the work of our research team has been focused on the study of parental links between individuals living hundreds or thousands of years ago, whose remains have been found in single graves or large funerary complexes. These studies have been undertaken using methods developed by forensic genetics to identify individuals, mainly based on the genotyping of autosomal STR (Short Tandem Repeats). Issues arose from this work, namely the limits of studying small numbers of subjects, originating from groups of finite sizes where kinships cannot be inferred a priori and for which reference allelic frequencies do not exist. Although ideal human populations are rare when undertaking such studies, the Yakuts of Eastern Siberia constitute a very advantageous model, with large numbers of small pastoral communities and well-preserved archaeological material. The study of kinship in the ancient Yakuts allowed us to highlight the difficulties in analysing genetic data from small ancient human groups and to develop a strategy to improve the accuracy of statistical computations. This work describes this strategy and possible solutions to the study of populations outside of the frame of reference of global meta-populations, due either to isolation, remoteness or antiquity. |
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1038 |
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1872-4973 |
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yes |
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6530 |
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McCoy, K.D. & Chevillon, C. |
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Structuration des populations et adaptation des tiques : implications en épidémiologie. Chapitre 4. In Tiques et maladies à tiques : Biologie, écologie évolutive, épidémiologie. pp 113-140. IRD Editions. |
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Book Chapter |
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2016 |
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1151 |
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yes |
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6529 |
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Young, D. A., Roberts, J. L., Ritz, C., Frezzotti, M., Quartini, E., Cavitte, M. G. P., Tozer, C. R., Steinhage, D., Urbini, S., Corr, H. F. J., Van Ommen, T., and Blankenship, D. D. |
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Title |
High resolution boundary conditions of an old ice target near Dome C, Antarctica, |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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The cryosphere discuss. |
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2016 |
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1-16 |
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Abstract. A high resolution (1 km line spacing) aerogeophysical survey was conducted over a region near the East Antarctic Ice Sheet's Dome C that may hold a 1.5 million year old climate record. New ice thickness data derived from an airborne coherent radar sounder was combined with unpublished data that was unavailable for earlier compilations. We find under the primary candidate region elevated rough topography, near a number of subglacial lakes, but also regions of smoother bed. The high resolution of this ice thickness dataset also allows us to explore the nature of ice thickness uncertainties in the context of radar geometry and processing. |
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902 |
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1994-0440 |
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yes |
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6528 |
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Passalacqua, O., Gagliardini, O., Parrenin, F., Todd, J., Gillet-Chaulet, F., and Ritz, C |
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Title |
Performance and applicability of a 2.5-D ice-flow model in the vicinity of a dome |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Geosci. model dev. |
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9 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2301-2313 |
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In ice-flow modelling, computing in 3-D requires a lot of resources, but 2-D models lack physical likelihood when the flow is diverging. That is why 2-D models accounting for the divergence, so-called 2.5-D models, are an interesting trade-off. However, the applicability of these 2.5-D models has never been systematically examined. We show that these models are ineffective in the case of highly diverging flows, but also for varying temperature, which was not suspected. |
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902 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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1991-9603 |
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yes |
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6527 |
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