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Author |
Legrand, M., X. Yang, S. Preunkert, and N. Theys |
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Title |
Year-round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d'Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
997 – 1023 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Multiple year-round records of bulk and size-segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea-salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea-salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off-line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process-based sea-salt production module that includes both sea-ice-sourced and open-ocean-sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea-salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea-ice-related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea-salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME-2 satellite observations over Antarctica. |
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1154 |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6546 |
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Author |
Bourriquen M., Baltzer A., Mercier D., Fournier J., Pérez L., Haquin S., Bernard E., Jensen M. |
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Title |
Coastal evolution and sedimentary mobility of Brøgger Peninsula, north-west Spitsbergen |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Polar biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), Svalbard glaciers have undergone a net retreat in response to changing meteorological conditions. Located between 76°N and 80°N, western Spitsbergen has seen a climatic transition from a glacial to a paraglacial system. On the northern shore of the Brøgger Peninsula (northwest Spitsbergen), the average temperature increased by 3 °C between 1965 and 2015, and cold-based valley glaciers have retreated more than 1 km from their LIA limits. This rapid deglaciation has exposed large areas of glacigenic sediments being easily reworked by runoff. This has led to the formation of extensive glacier-river delta systems and coastal progradation. Post-LIA coastal progradation and formation of new landforms in Kongsfjorden have been controlled predominantly by substantial availability of glacial sediment. A combination of aerial photographic and field data has been employed to estimate the post-LIA evolution of coastal sandur deltas and their submarine parts (named here “prodeltas”). The data set reveals that delta shoreline advance could have reached around 5 m/year. between 1966 and 1990 for the most energetic delta of Austre Lovenbreen, and around 4 m/year between 2011 and 2014 for the most energetic delta of Midtre Lovenbreen. The prodeltas registered a net growth from 2009 to 2012: the biggest, located in the prolongation of deltas of Austre Lovenbreen, measured 1033 m in length in 2009 and 1180 m in length in 2012. This substantial amount of sediment supplied in the fjord has an impact on the fjord ecology, especially on the benthic ecosystem. |
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1172 |
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ISSN |
0722-4060 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6545 |
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Author |
Merieme Chadid, Chris Sneden and George Preston |
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Title |
Spectroscopic Comparison of Metal–Rich RRab Stars of theGalactic Field with Their Metal–Poor Counterparts |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Astrophysical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Astrophys. J. |
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Volume |
835 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
187 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
We investigate atmospheric properties of 35 stable RRab stars that possess the full ranges of period, light amplitude, and metal abundance found in Galactic RR Lyrae stars. Our results are derived from several thousand echelle spectra obtained over several years with the du Pont telescope of Las Campanas Observatory. Radial velocities of metal lines and the Hα line were used to construct curves of radial velocity versus pulsation phase. From these we estimated radial velocity amplitudes for metal lines (formed near the photosphere) and Hα Doppler cores (formed at small optical depths). We also measured Hα emission fluxes when they appear during primary light rises. Spectra shifted to rest wavelengths, binned into small phase intervals, and co-added were used to perform model atmospheric and abundance analyses. The derived metallicities and those of some previous spectroscopic surveys were combined to produce a new calibration of the Layden abundance scale. We then divided our RRab sample into metal-rich (disk) and metal-poor (halo) groups at [Fe/H] = −1.0; the atmospheres of RRab families, so defined, differ with respect to (a) peak strength of Hα emission flux, (b) Hα radial velocity amplitude, (c) dynamical gravity, (d) stellar radius variation, (e) secondary acceleration during the photometric bump that precedes minimum light, and (f) duration of Hα line-doubling. We also detected Hα line-doubling during the |
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Programme |
1096 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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0004-637X |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6544 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Legrand, M., X. Yang, S. Preunkert, and N. Theys |
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| |
Title |
Year-round records of sea salt, gaseous, and particulate inorganic bromine in the atmospheric boundary layer at coastal (Dumont d’Urville) and central (Concordia) East Antarctic sites |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
|
| |
Volume |
121 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
997-1023 |
|
| |
Keywords |
|
|
| |
Abstract |
Multiple year-round records of bulk and size-segregated compositions of aerosol were obtained at the coastal Dumont d'Urville (DDU) and inland Concordia sites located in East Antarctica. They document the sea-salt aerosol load and composition including, for the first time in Antarctica, the bromide depletion of sea-salt aerosol relative to sodium with respect to seawater. In parallel, measurements of bromide trapped in mist chambers and denuder tubes were done to investigate the concentrations of gaseous inorganic bromine species. These data are compared to simulations done with an off-line chemistry transport model, coupled with a full tropospheric bromine chemistry scheme and a process-based sea-salt production module that includes both sea-ice-sourced and open-ocean-sourced aerosol emissions. Observed and simulated sea-salt concentrations sometime differ by up to a factor of 2 to 3, particularly at DDU possibly due to local wind pattern. In spite of these discrepancies, both at coastal and inland Antarctica, the dominance of sea-ice-related processes with respect to open ocean emissions for the sea-salt aerosol load in winter is confirmed. For summer, observations and simulations point out sea salt as the main source of gaseous inorganic bromine species. Investigations of bromide in snow pit samples do not support the importance of snowpack bromine emissions over the Antarctic Plateau. To evaluate the overall importance of the bromine chemistry over East Antarctica, BrO simulations were also discussed with respect data derived from GOME-2 satellite observations over Antarctica. |
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Programme |
414 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6543 |
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Author |
Legrand, M., Preunkert, S., Savarino, J., Frey, M. M., Kukui, A., Helmig, D., Jourdain, B., Jones, A., Weller, R., Brough, N., and Gallée, H |
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Title |
Inter-annual variability of surface ozone at coastal (Dumont d’Urville, 2004-014) and inland (Concordia, 2007-2014) sites in East Antarctica |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmospheric chemistry and physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
8053-8069 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Surface ozone has been measured since 2004 at the coastal East Antarctic site of Dumont d'Urville (DDU), and since 2007 at the Concordia station located on the high East Antarctic plateau. This paper discusses long-term changes, seasonal and diurnal cycles, as well as inter-annual summer variability observed at these two East Antarctic sites. At Concordia, near-surface ozone data were complemented by balloon soundings and compared to similar measurements done at the South Pole. The DDU record is compared to those obtained at the coastal site of Syowa, also located in East Antarctica, as well as the coastal sites of Neumayer and Halley, both located on the coast of the Weddell Sea in West Antarctica. Surface ozone mixing ratios exhibit very similar seasonal cycles at Concordia and the South Pole. However, in summer the diurnal cycle of ozone is different at the two sites with a drop of ozone in the afternoon at Concordia but not at the South Pole. The vertical distribution of ozone above the snow surface also differs. When present, the ozone-rich layer located near the ground is better mixed and deeper at Concordia (up to 400 m) than at the South Pole during sunlight hours. These differences are related to different solar radiation and wind regimes encountered at these two inland sites. DDU appears to be the coastal site where the impact of the late winter/spring bromine chemistry is the weakest, but where the impact of elevated ozone levels caused by NOx snow emissions from the high Antarctic plateau is the highest. The highest impact of the bromine chemistry is seen at Halley and Neumayer, and to a lesser extent at Syowa. These three sites are only weakly impacted by the NOx chemistry and the net ozone production occurring on the high Antarctic plateau. The differences in late winter/spring are attributed to the abundance of sea ice offshore from the sites, whereas those in summer are related to the topography of East Antarctica that promotes the katabatic flow bringing oxidant-rich inland air masses to the site. There appears to be a decreasing change in summer surface ozone at the two East Antarctic sites of Concordia and DDU over the most recent period (2004–2014 and 2007–2014). Further research, including continued monitoring, is needed at these two sites to better separate the effect of synoptic transport from possible change of NOx snow emissions in response to recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer leading to penetration of more UV radiation to the surface. |
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Programme |
414 |
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ISSN |
1680-7316 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6542 |
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Author |
J. Lilensten, M. Barthélemy, G. Besson, H. Lamy, M.G. Johnsen, J. Moen |
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Title |
The thermospheric auroral red line Angle of Linear Polarisation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-space physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2016JA022941 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
The auroral red line at 630 nm is linearly polarized. Up to now, only its Degree of LinearPolarization had been studied. In this article, we examine for the first time the Angle of Linear Polarization(AoLP) and we compare the measurements to the apparent angle of the magnetic field at the location ofthe red line emission. We show that the AoLP is a tracer of the magnetic field configuration. This opens newperspectives, both in the frame of space weather and in the field of planetology. |
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Programme |
1026 |
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ISSN |
0148-0227 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
6541 |
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Author |
Kernaléguen Laëtitia, Cherel Yves, Guinet Christophe, Arnould John PY |
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Title |
Mating success and body condition not related to foraging specializations in male fur seals |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Royal society open science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
160143 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Individual specialization is widespread among wild populations. While its fitness consequences are central in predicting the ecological and evolutionary trajectories of populations, they remain poorly understood. Long-term individual foraging specializations occur in male Antarctic (Arctocephalus gazella) and Australian (A. pusillus doriferus) fur seals. Strong selective pressure is expected in these highly dimorphic and polygynous species, raising the question of the fitness payoffs associated with different foraging strategies. We investigated the relationship between individual isotopic niche (a proxy of foraging specialization), body size and condition, and an index of reproductive success (harem size) in territorial males. Individuals varied greatly in their skin and fur isotopic values reflecting a range of foraging strategies within the two populations. However, in both species, isotopic niche was not correlated to body size, condition or mating success (R2/ρ < 0.06). Furthermore, no foraging niche was predominant in either species, which would have indicated a substantial long-term fitness benefit of a particular strategy via a higher survival rate. These results suggest that the fitness consequences of a foraging strategy depend not only on the quality of prey and feeding habitat but also on an individual's hunting efficiency and skills. |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2054-5703 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6540 |
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Author |
Jouma’a Joffrey, Le Bras Yves, Richard Gaëtan, Vacquié-Garcia Jade, Picard Baptiste, El Ksabi Nory, Guinet Christophe |
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Title |
Adjustment of diving behaviour with prey encounters and body condition in a deep diving predator: the Southern Elephant Seal |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Functional ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
30 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
636–648 |
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Abstract |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
0269-8463 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6539 |
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Author |
Testut, L., V. Duvat, V. Ballu, R. M. S. Fernandes, F. Pouget, C. Salmon, and J. Dyment |
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Title |
Shoreline changes in a rising sea level context: The example of Grande Glorieuse, Scattered Islands, Western Indian Ocean.ACTA OECOLOGICA : ISSN 1146609X |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Acta oecologica |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
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Pages |
110-119 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
This paper provides baseline data on absolute and relative sea level variations and shoreline changes in the Scattered Islands region of the Indian Ocean, based on aerial image analysis, satellite altimetry and field observations and in situ measurements from the 2009 and 2011 TAAF scientific expeditions. The analysis shows the importance of regular observations and monitoring of these islands to better understand reef island responses to climate stressors. We show that Grande Glorieuse Island has increased in area by 7.5 ha between 1989 and 2003, predominantly as a result of shoreline accretion: accretion occurred over 47% of shoreline length, whereas 26% was stable and 28% was eroded. Topographic transects and field observations show that the accretion is due to sediment transfer from the reef outer slopes to the reef flat and then to the beach. This accretion occurred in a context of sea level rise: sea level has risen by about 6 cm in the last twenty years and the island height is probably stable or very slowly subsiding. This island expansion during a period of rising sea level demonstrates that sea level rise is not the primary factor controlling the shoreline changes. This paper highlights the key role of non-climate factors in changes in island area, especially sediment availability and transport. We also evidence rotation of the island, underscoring the highly dynamic nature of reef islands. |
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688 |
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ISSN |
1146-609X |
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yes |
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Serial |
6538 |
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Author |
Hindell Mark A., McMahon Clive R., Bester Marthán N., Boehme Lars, Costa Daniel, Fedak Mike A., Guinet Christophe, Herraiz-Borreguero Laura, Harcourt Robert G., Huckstadt Luis, Kovacs Kit M., Lydersen Christian, McIntyre Trevor, Muelbert Monica, Patterson Toby, Roquet Fabien, Williams Guy, Charrassin Jean-Benoît |
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Title |
Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
7 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
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Programme |
109 |
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ISSN |
2150-8925 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
6537 |
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