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Author |
Martin Vallée and Vincent Douet |
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Title |
A new database of source time functions (STFs) extracted from the SCARDEC method |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physics of the earth and planetary interiors |
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Volume |
257 |
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Pages |
149-157 |
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SCARDEC method (Vallée et al., 2011) offers a natural access to the earthquakes source time functions (STFs), together with the 1st order earthquake source parameters (seismic moment, depth and focal mechanism). This article first aims at presenting some new approaches and related implementations done in order to automatically provide broadband STFs with the SCARDEC method, both for moderate and very large earthquakes. The updated method has been applied to all earthquakes above magnitude 5.8 contained in the NEIC-PDE catalog since 1992, providing a new consistent catalog of source parameters associated with STFs. This represents today a large catalog (2782 events on 2014/12/31) that we plan to update on a regular basis. It is made available through a web interface whose functionalities are described here. |
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0031-9201 |
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yes |
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6556 |
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Author |
Orgeret, F., Weimerskirch, H. & Bost, C.A. |
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Title |
Early diving behaviour in juvenile penguins: improvement or selection processes. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biology letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol. Lett. |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
20160490 |
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Abstract |
The early life stage of long-lived species is critical to the viability of population,but is poorly understood. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether juveniles are less efficient foragers than adults as has been hypothesized.We measured changes in the diving behaviour of 17 one-year-old king penguins Aptenodytes patagonicus at Crozet Islands (subantartic archipelago)during their first months at sea, using miniaturized tags that transmitted diving activity in real time. We also equipped five non-breederadults with the same tags for comparison. The data on foraging performance revealed two groups of juveniles. The first group made shallower and shorter dives that may be indicative of early mortality while the second group progressively increased their diving depths and durations, and survived the first months at sea. This surviving group of juveniles required the same recovery durations as adults, but typically performed shallower and shorter dives. There is thereby a relationship between improved diving behaviour and survival in young penguins. This long period ofimproving diving performance in the juvenile life stage is potentially a critical period for the survival of deep avian divers and may have implications for their ability to adapt to environmental change. |
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1744-9561 |
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yes |
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6555 |
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Author |
A. Haned, E. Stutzmann, M. Schimmel, S. Kiselev, A. Davaille and A. Yelles-Chaouche |
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Title |
Global tomography using seismic hum |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Geophysical journal international |
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Volume |
204 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
1222–1236 |
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133 |
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0956-540X |
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6554 |
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Duputel, Z., J. Vergne, L. Rivera, G. Wittlinger, V. Farra, and G. Hetényi |
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Title |
The 2015 Gorkha earthquake: A large event illuminating the Main Himalayan Thrust fault |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Geophysical research letters |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
2016GL068083 |
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Abstract |
The 2015 Gorkha earthquake sequence provides an outstanding opportunity to better characterize the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT). To overcome limitations due to unaccounted lateral heterogeneities, we perform Centroid Moment Tensor inversions in a 3-D Earth model for the main shock and largest aftershocks. In parallel, we recompute S-to-P and P-to-S receiver functions from the Hi-CLIMB data set. Inverted centroid locations fall within a low-velocity zone at 10–15 km depth and corresponding to the subhorizontal portion of the MHT that ruptured during the Gorkha earthquake. North of the main shock hypocenter, receiver functions indicate a north dipping feature that likely corresponds to the midcrustal ramp connecting the flat portion to the deep part of the MHT. Our analysis of the main shock indicates that long-period energy emanated updip of high-frequency radiation sources previously inferred. This frequency-dependent rupture process might be explained by different factors such as fault geometry and the presence of fluids. |
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133 |
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0094-8276 |
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yes |
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6553 |
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Author |
Vivier, F, J Hutchings, Y Kawaguchi, T Kikuchi, J Morison, A Lourenço, T Noguchi |
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Title |
Sea-ice melt onset associated with lead opening during the spring/summer transition near the North Pole |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of geophysical research-oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Geophys. Res. |
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Volume |
121 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
2499-2522 |
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Abstract |
In the central Arctic Ocean, autonomous observations of the ocean mixed layer and ice documented the transition from cold spring to early summer in 2011. Ice-motion measurements using GPS drifters captured three events of lead opening and ice ridge formation in May and June. Satellite sea ice concentration observations suggest that locally observed lead openings were part of a larger-scale pattern. We clarify how these ice deformation events are linked with the onset of basal sea ice melt, which preceded surface melt by 20 days. Observed basal melt and ocean warming are consistent with the available input of solar radiation into leads, once the advent of mild atmospheric conditions prevents lead refreezing. We use a one-dimensional numerical simulation incorporating a Local Turbulence Closure scheme to investigate the mechanisms controlling basal melt and upper ocean warming. According to the simulation, a combination of rapid ice motion and increased solar energy input at leads promotes basal ice melt, through enhanced mixing in the upper mixed layer, while slow ice motion during a large lead opening in mid-June produced a thin, low-density surface layer. This enhanced stratification near the surface facilitates storage of solar radiation within the thin layer, instead of exchange with deeper layers, leading to further basal ice melt preceding the upper surface melt. |
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1015 |
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0148-0227 |
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yes |
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6552 |
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Author |
Blanchard P., Lauzeral C., Chamaillé-Jammes S., Yoccoz N.G., Pontier D. |
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Title |
Analyzing the proximity to cover in a landscape of fear: a new approach applied to fine-scale habitat use by rabbits facing feral cat predation on Kerguelen archipelago |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Peerj |
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Volume |
4 |
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Pages |
e1769 |
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Abstract |
Although proximity to cover has been routinely considered as an explanatory variable in studies investigating prey behavioral adjustments to predation pressure, the way it shapes risk perception still remains equivocal. This paradox arises from both the ambivalent nature of cover as potentially both obstructive and protective, making its impact on risk perception complex and context-dependent, and from the choice of the proxy used to measure proximity to cover in the field, which leads to an incomplete picture of the landscape of fear experienced by the prey. Here, we study a simple predator-prey-habitat system, i.e., rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus facing feral cat Felis catus predation on Kerguelen archipelago. We assess how cover shapes risk perception in prey and develop an easily implementable field method to improve the estimation of proximity to cover. In contrast to protocols considering the “distance to nearest cover”, we focus on the overall “area to cover”. We show that fine-scale habitat use by rabbits is clearly related to our measure, in accordance with our hypothesis of higher risk in patches with smaller area to cover in this predator-prey-habitat system. In contrast, classical measures of proximity to cover are not retained in the best predictive models of habitat use. The use of this new approach, together with a more in-depth consideration of contrasting properties of cover, could help to better understand the role of this complex yet decisive parameter for predator-prey ecology. |
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279 |
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2167-8359 |
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yes |
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6551 |
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Mazé-Guilmo, E., Blanchet, S., McCoy, K. D. & Loot, G. |
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Title |
Host dispersal as the driver of parasite genetic structure: a paradigm lost? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ecology letters |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
336–347 |
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Abstract |
Understanding traits influencing the distribution of genetic diversity has major ecological and evolutionary implications for host–parasite interactions. The genetic structure of parasites is expected to conform to that of their hosts, because host dispersal is generally assumed to drive parasite dispersal. Here, we used a meta-analysis to test this paradigm and determine whether traits related to host dispersal correctly predict the spatial co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. We compiled data from empirical work on local adaptation and host–parasite population genetic structure from a wide range of taxonomic groups. We found that genetic differentiation was significantly lower in parasites than in hosts, suggesting that dispersal may often be higher for parasites. A significant correlation in the pairwise genetic differentiation of hosts and parasites was evident, but surprisingly weak. These results were largely explained by parasite reproductive mode, the proportion of free-living stages in the parasite life cycle and the geographical extent of the study; variables related to host dispersal were poor predictors of genetic patterns. Our results do not dispel the paradigm that parasite population genetic structure depends on host dispersal. Rather, we highlight that alternative factors are also important in driving the co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. |
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1151 |
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1461-0248 |
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yes |
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6550 |
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Ellis L.T., Alataş M., Asthana A.K., Rawat K.K.,Sahu V., Srivastava A., Bakalin V.A., Batan N., Bednarek-Ochyra H., Bester S.P., Borovichev E.A., De Beer D., Enroth J., Erzberger P., Fedosov V.E., Feuillet-Hurtado C., Gradstein S.R., Gremmen N.J.M., Hedenäs L., Katagiri T., Yamaguchi T., Lebouvier M., Maity D., Mesterházy, Müller F., Natcheva R., Németh Cs., Opisso J., Özdemir T., Erata H., Parnikoza I., Plášek V., Sabovljević S., Sabovljević A.D., Saha P. Nehal Aziz Md, Schröder W., Váňa J., van Rooy J., Wang J., Yoon Y.-J., Kim J.H. |
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Title |
New national and regional bryophyte records, 47 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of bryology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Bryol. |
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Volume |
38 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
151-167 |
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136 |
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0373-6687 |
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yes |
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6549 |
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V. Favier, D. Verfaillie, E. Berthier, M. Menegoz, V. Jomelli, J. E. Kay, L. Ducret, Y. Malbéteau, D. Brunstein, H. Gallée, Y.-H. Park & V. Rinterknecht |
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Title |
Atmospheric drying as the main driver of dramatic glacier wastage in the southern Indian Ocean |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Scientific reports |
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6 |
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32396 |
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The ongoing retreat of glaciers at southern sub-polar latitudes is particularly rapid and widespread. Akin to northern sub-polar latitudes, this retreat is generally assumed to be linked to warming. |
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1154 |
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2045-2322 |
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yes |
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6548 |
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Camille Moreau, Thomas Saucède, Quentin Jossart, Antonio Agüera, Arnaud Brayard & Bruno Danis |
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Title |
Reproductive strategy as a piece of the biogeographic puzzle: a case study using Antarctic sea stars (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of biogeography |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Biogeogr. |
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Volume |
44 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
848-860 |
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Aim To describe and analyse asteroid biogeographic patterns in the Southern Ocean (SO) and test whether reproductive strategy (brooder versus broadcaster) can explain distribution patterns at the scale of the entire class. We hypothesize that brooding and broadcasting species display different biogeographic patterns. Location Southern Ocean, south of 45 °S. Methods Over 14,000 asteroid occurrences are analysed using bootstrapped spanning network (BSN), non-metrical multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and clustering to uncover the spatial structure of faunal similarities among 25 bioregions. Results Main biogeographic patterns are congruent with previous works based on other taxa and highlight the isolation of New Zealand, the high richness in the Scotia Arc area particularly of brooding species, an East/West Antarctic differentiation, and the faunal affinities between South America and sub-Antarctic Islands. Asteroids show lower endemism levels than previously reported with 29% of species occurring in Antarctica only. In particular, asteroids from Tierra del Fuego showed affinities with those of West Antarctica at the species level, suggesting a recent mixing of assemblages. Biogeographic patterns are highly linked to reproductive strategy. Patterns also differ according to the taxonomic level, revealing the underlying role of historical factors. Main conclusions Patterns of sea star biogeography are consistent with results obtained for other marine groups and are strongly linked to reproductive strategy. |
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1044 |
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0305-0270 |
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yes |
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6547 |
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