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Author |
Mario Lebrato, Dieter Garbe-Schönberg, Marius N. Müller, Sonia Blanco-Ameijeiras, Richard A. Feely, Laura Lorenzoni, Juan-Carlos Molinero, Karen Bremer, Daniel O. B. Jones, Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez, Dana Greeley, Miles D. Lamare, Aurelien Paulmier, Michelle Graco, Joan Cartes, Joana Barcelos e Ramos, Ana de Lara, Ricardo Sanchez-Leal, Paz Jimenez, Flavio E. Paparazzo, Susan E. Hartman, Ulrike Westernströer, Marie Küter, Roberto Benavides, Armindo F. da Silva, Steven Bell, Chris Payne, Solveig Olafsdottir, Kelly Robinson, Liisa M. Jantunen, Alexander Korablev, Richard J. Webster, Elizabeth M. Jones, Olivier Gilg, Pascal Bailly du Bois, Jacek Beldowski, Carin Ashjian, Nejib D. Yahia, Benjamin Twining, Xue-Gang Chen, Li-Chun Tseng, Jiang-Shiou Hwang, Hans-Uwe Dahms, Andreas Oschlies |
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Abstract |
Seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios are biogeochemical parameters reflecting the Earth–ocean–atmosphere dynamic exchange of elements. The ratios’ dependence on the environment and organisms' biology facilitates their application in marine sciences. Here, we present a measured single-laboratory dataset, combined with previous data, to test the assumption of limited seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca variability across marine environments globally. High variability was found in open-ocean upwelling and polar regions, shelves/neritic and river-influenced areas, where seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios range from ∼4.40 to 6.40 mmol:mol and ∼6.95 to 9.80 mmol:mol, respectively. Open-ocean seawater Mg:Ca is semiconservative (∼4.90 to 5.30 mol:mol), while Sr:Ca is more variable and nonconservative (∼7.70 to 8.80 mmol:mol); both ratios are nonconservative in coastal seas. Further, the Ca, Mg, and Sr elemental fluxes are connected to large total alkalinity deviations from International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard values. Because there is significant modern seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios variability across marine environments we cannot absolutely assume that fossil archives using taxa-specific proxies reflect true global seawater chemistry but rather taxa- and process-specific ecosystem variations, reflecting regional conditions. This variability could reconcile secular seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratio reconstructions using different taxa and techniques by assuming an error of 1 to 1.50 mol:mol, and 1 to 1.90 mmol:mol, respectively. The modern ratios’ variability is similar to the reconstructed rise over 20 Ma (Neogene Period), nurturing the question of seminonconservative behavior of Ca, Mg, and Sr over modern Earth geological history with an overlooked environmental effect. |
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