| Records |
| Author |
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| Title |
The isotopic diversity of ultracarbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites, a coupled nanosims and afmir study |
Type |
Peer-reviewed symposium |
Year  |
2020 |
Publication |
Lunar and Planetary Science, : id 1614 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
2326 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1120 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7914 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
E. Crubezy, O. Melnichuk, A. Alexeev |
| Title |
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Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
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Issue |
4 (51) |
Pages |
110-119 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
For the past 15 years, our research has focused on the evolution of the first Yakut populations, their interaction with local tribes as well as with the Russian population, which marks the beginning of Yakutia's development from the first half of the 17th century. We conducted the excavation of tombs and we analysed the cultural, historical and paleogenetic data uncovered. A review and a synthesis of the main results published in articles and monographs informs our research directions for the future. |
| Programme |
1038 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1811-7465 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7936 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Sensitivity of the surface energy budget to drifting snow as simulated by MAR in coastal Adelie Land, Antarctica |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
The Cryosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
3595-3614 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
411,1013 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1994-0416 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7946 |
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| |
| Author |
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| Title |
Cryptic speciation in gentoo penguins is driven by geographic isolation and regional marine conditions: Unforeseen vulnerabilities to global change |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Diversity and distributions |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
958-975 |
| Keywords |
diversification ecological niche overlap gentoo penguin subspecies |
| Abstract |
Aim The conservation of biodiversity is hampered by data deficiencies, with many new species and subspecies awaiting description or reclassification. Population genomics and ecological niche modelling offer complementary new tools for uncovering functional units of phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesize that phylogenetically delineated lineages of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) distributed across Antarctica and sub-Antarctic Islands are subject to spatially explicit ecological conditions that have limited gene flow, facilitating genetic differentiation, and thereby speciation processes. Location Antarctica and sub-Antarctic area. Methods We identify divergent lineages for gentoo penguins using ddRAD-seq and mtDNA, and generated species distribution models (SDMs) based on terrestrial and marine parameters. Results Analyses of our genomic data supports the existence of four major lineages of gentoo penguin: (i) spanning the sub-Antarctic archipelagos north of the Antarctic Polar Front (APF); (ii) Kerguelen Island; (iii) South America; and (iv) across maritime Antarctic and the Scotia Arc archipelagos. The APF, a major current system around Antarctica, acts as the most important barrier separating regional sister lineages. Our ecological analyses spanning both the terrestrial (breeding sites) and marine (feeding sites) realms recover limited niche overlap among the major lineages of gentoo penguin. We observe this pattern to correspond more closely with regional differentiation of marine conditions than to terrestrial macroenvironmental features. Main conclusions Recognition of regional genetic lineages as discrete evolutionary entities that occupy distinct ecological niches and also differ morphologically should be considered a priority for conservation. Gentoo penguins provide a good example of how conservation policy can be directly impacted by new insights obtained through the integration of larger genomic datasets with novel approaches to ecological modelling. This is particularly pertinent to polar environments that are among the most rapidly changing environments on earth. |
| Programme |
137,354 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1472-4642 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7950 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Adam T. Devlin, Jiayi Pan, Hui Lin |
| Title |
Multi-Timescale Analysis of Tidal Variability in the Indian Ocean Using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
125 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e2020JC016604 |
| Keywords |
Coastal risks Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition Indian Ocean Sea level variability Tidal evolution Tidal variability |
| Abstract |
Ocean tides have been observed to be changing worldwide for nonastronomical reasons, which can combine with rising mean sea level (MSL) to increase the long-term impact to coastal regions. Tides can also exhibit variability at shorter timescales, which may be correlated with short-term variability in MSL. This short-term coupling may yield higher peak water levels and increased impacts of exceedance events that may be equally significant as long-term sea level rise. Previous studies employed the tidal anomaly correlation (TAC) method to quantify the sensitivity of tides to MSL fluctuations at long-period (>20 years) tide gauges in basin-scale surveys of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, finding that TACs exist at most locations. The Indian Ocean also experiences significant sea level rise and tidal variability yet has been less studied due to a sparse network of tide gauges. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, more tide gauges have been established in a wider geographical range, bringing the possibility of better estimates of tidal and MSL variability. Here, we improve the TAC approach, using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method to analyze tidal amplitudes and sea level at multiple frequency bands, allowing a more effective use of shorter record tide gauges and better understanding of multiple timescales of tidal variability. We apply this approach to 73 tide gauges in the Indian Ocean to better quantify tidal variability in these under-studied regions, finding that the majority of locations exhibit significant correlations of tides and MSL. |
| Programme |
688 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2169-9291 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7956 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
G. Hubert, S. Aubry |
| Title |
Study of the Impact of Past Extreme Solar Events on the Modern Air Traffic |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Space Weather |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
e2020SW002665 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The ancient solar energetic particle (SEP) events of 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE were characterized thanks to radionuclide productions stored in environmental archives as ice cores or tree rings. Primary cosmic ray spectra deduced from these cosmogenic isotope data indicate that the impact of these extreme SEP events would have been much more significant than any of the ones observed during the modern era. However, the impact of these should be studied more accurately in the framework of the ambient dose equivalent impacting aircrew and passengers in the air traffic context by considering physical parameters such as time profile or anisotropy properties. In this study, the impact that 774/775 CE and 993/994 CE past extreme SEP events could have had on modern air traffic is discussed. Possible event spectra for these ancient events are derived from the spectra ground-level enhancement (GLE) 5 and GLE 69, which have been observed during the modern era and have been widely studied/characterized using measurements. The investigations include the impact of the SEP activity on ambient dose equivalent, including detailed analyses considering route, airplane characteristics (departure, arrival, continent, airplane type), and the time occurrence of the SEP event. Statistical analyses show that additional dose levels can reach values on the order of 70 mSv, which is absolutely significant considering the current air traffic recommendations. The orders of magnitude of the ambient dose equivalent induced during past extreme SEP events raises a number of issues, both for aircrews and for avionics hardware. This study demonstrates that simulations can be useful for the evaluation of risks in case of extreme SEP events. |
| Programme |
1112 |
| Campaign |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1542-7390 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7958 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Adriane Cristina Mendes Prado, Mauricio Tizziani Pazianotto, Jose Manuel Quesada Molina, Miguel Antonio Cortes-Giraldo, Guillaume Hubert, Marlon Antonio Pereira, Claudio Antonio Federico |
| Title |
Simulation of Cosmic Radiation Transport Inside Aircraft for Safety Applications |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
56 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
3462-3475 |
| Keywords |
Aerospace electronics Aircraft Aircraft manufacture Aircraft simulation Atmospheric modeling Computational modeling cosmic radiation neutron fluence rate Neutrons safety single event effect |
| Abstract |
During the flight, an aircraft is submitted to a radiation environment composed of cosmic-ray-induced particles (CRIP) of which neutrons are responsible for approximately 40% of the crew effective dose and are the main cause of single event effects (SEE) in avionics systems at flight altitudes. A model of Learjet aircraft was developed on Monte Carlo simulation using the MCNPX code in order to detail the CRIP field inside the aircraft. The radiation source modeling was previously developed by a computational platform that simulates the energy and angular distributions of the CRIP along the atmosphere. In this article, we determined the variation of the neutron radiation field in several positions inside the aircraft at 11- and 18-km altitudes and for both equatorial and polar regions. The results suggest that the maximum variation of neutron fluence rate between different positions inside the aircraft shows a tendency of higher differences for a lower energy threshold (thermal and E > 1 MeV) in comparison with those differences for a higher energy threshold (E > 10 MeV). Moreover, the angular distribution results show relevant differences between positions inside aircraft, mainly for thermal neutrons close to the fuel. The general tendency is to enhance these discrepancies for devices with new technologies, due to their lower energy threshold for SEE occurrences. |
| Programme |
1112 |
| Campaign |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1557-9603 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7959 |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Impact of Annual Bacterial Epizootics on Albatross Population on a Remote Island |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
EcoHealth |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
194-202 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
The reduced species richness typical of oceanic islands provides an interesting environmental setup to examine in natura the epidemiological dynamics of infectious agents with potential implications for public health and/or conservation. On Amsterdam Island (Indian Ocean), recurrent die-offs of Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri) nestlings have been attributed to avian cholera, caused by the bacterium Pasteurella multocida. In order to help implementing efficient measures for the control of this disease, it is critical to better understand the local epidemiology of P. multocida and to examine its inter- and intra-annual infection dynamics. We evaluated the infection status of 264 yellow-nosed albatrosses over four successive breeding seasons using a real-time PCR targeting P. multocida DNA from cloacal swabs. Infection prevalence patterns revealed an intense circulation of P. multocida throughout the survey, with a steady but variable increase in infection prevalence within each breeding season. These epizootics were associated with massive nestling dies-offs, inducing very low fledging successes (??20%). These results suggest important variations in the transmission dynamics of this pathogen. These findings and the developed PCR protocol have direct applications to guide future research and refine conservation plans aiming at controlling the disease. |
| Programme |
109, 1151 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Summary Language |
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Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1612-9210 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7961 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Snow microbiome functional analyses reveal novel aspects of microbial metabolism of complex organic compounds |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
MicrobiologyOpen |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e1100 |
| Keywords |
metagenome metatranscriptome mi-faser snow microbiome |
| Abstract |
Microbes active in extreme cold are not as well explored as those of other extreme environments. Studies have revealed a substantial microbial diversity and identified cold-specific microbiome molecular functions. We analyzed the metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 20 snow samples collected in early and late spring in Svalbard, Norway using mi-faser, our read-based computational microbiome function annotation tool. Our results reveal a more diverse microbiome functional capacity and activity in the early- vs. late-spring samples. We also find that functional dissimilarity between the same-sample metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly higher in early than late spring samples. These findings suggest that early spring samples may contain a larger fraction of DNA of dormant (or dead) organisms, while late spring samples reflect a new, metabolically active community. We further show that the abundance of sequencing reads mapping to the fatty acid synthesis-related microbial pathways in late spring metagenomes and metatranscriptomes is significantly correlated with the organic acid levels measured in these samples. Similarly, the organic acid levels correlate with the pathway read abundances of geraniol degradation and inversely correlate with those of styrene degradation, suggesting a possible nutrient change. Our study thus highlights the activity of microbial degradation pathways of complex organic compounds previously unreported at low temperatures. |
| Programme |
1192 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2045-8827 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7964 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
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| Title |
Over Winter Microbial Processes in a Svalbard Snow Pack: An Experimental Approach |
Type |
Journal |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
1029 |
| Keywords |
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| Abstract |
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| Programme |
1192 |
| Campaign |
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| Address |
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Thesis |
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Summary Language |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1664-302X |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
7965 |
| Permanent link to this record |
