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Author |
Timothée Zidat, Marianne Gabirot, Francesco Bonadonna, Carsten T. Müller |
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Title |
Homing and Nest Recognition in Nocturnal Blue Petrels: What Scent May Attract Birds to their Burrows? |
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Year  |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Chemical Ecology |
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Keywords |
Homing Behavior Nest Air Odor Olfaction Orientation Procellariform Seabirds TD-GC-TOF-MS |
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Abstract |
Hypogean petrels return to the same nest burrow to breed on remote islands during the summer months. Their nocturnal behavior at the colony, strong musky odor and olfactory anatomy suggest an important role of olfaction in homing behavior and nest recognition. Behavioral experiments showed that olfactory cues are sufficient to allow nest identification, suggesting a stabile chemical signature emanating from burrows and facilitating nest recognition. However, the chemical nature and sources of this odor remain unknown. To better understand the nest odor composition, we analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of nests of blue petrels (Halobaena caerulea) derived from three different odor sources: nest air, nest material and feather samples. We also compared, during two successive years, VOCs from burrows with an incubating breeder on the nest, and burrows used during the breeding season by blue petrels but shortly temporally unoccupied by breeders. We found that the nest air odor was mainly formed by the owners’ odor, which provided an individual chemical label for nests that appeared stabile over the breeding season. These findings, together with the previous homing behavioral studies showing an essential role of the sense of smell in blue petrels, strongly suggest that the scent emanating from burrows of blue petrels provides the information that facilitates nest recognition and homing. |
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354 |
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1573-1561 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8630 |
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Author |
Mathurin Dongmo Wamba, Jean-Paul Montagner, Barbara Romanowicz |
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Title |
Imaging deep-mantle plumbing beneath La Réunion and Comores hot spots: Vertical plume conduits and horizontal ponding zones |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
9 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
eade3723 |
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Abstract |
Whether the two large low–shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) at the base of Earth’s mantle are wide compact structures extending thousands of kilometers upward or bundles of distinct mantle plumes is the subject of debate. Full waveform shear wave tomography of the deep mantle beneath the Indian Ocean highlights the presence of several separate broad low-velocity conduits anchored at the core-mantle boundary in the eastern part of the African LLSVP, most clearly beneath La Réunion and Comores hot spots. The deep plumbing system beneath these hot spots may also include alternating vertical conduits and horizontal ponding zones, from 1000-km depth to the top of the asthenosphere, reminiscent of dyke and sills in crustal volcanic systems, albeit at a whole-mantle scale. |
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133 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8631 |
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Author |
Andrea S. Grunst, Melissa L. Grunst, David Grémillet, Akiko Kato, Paco Bustamante, Céline Albert, Émile Brisson-Curadeau, Manon Clairbaux, Marta Cruz-Flores, Sophie Gentès, Samuel Perret, Eric Ste-Marie, Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Jérôme Fort |
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Title |
Mercury Contamination Challenges the Behavioral Response of a Keystone Species to Arctic Climate Change |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Environmental Science & Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
2054-2063 |
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Abstract |
Combined effects of multiple, climate change-associated stressors are of mounting concern, especially in Arctic ecosystems. Elevated mercury (Hg) exposure in Arctic animals could affect behavioral responses to changes in foraging landscapes caused by climate change, generating interactive effects on behavior and population resilience. We investigated this hypothesis in little auks (Alle alle), a keystone Arctic seabird. We compiled behavioral data for 44 birds across 5 years using accelerometers while also quantifying blood Hg and environmental conditions. Warm sea surface temperature (SST) and low sea ice coverage reshaped time activity budgets (TABs) and diving patterns, causing decreased resting, increased flight, and longer dives. Mercury contamination was not associated with TABs. However, highly contaminated birds lengthened interdive breaks when making long dives, suggesting Hg-induced physiological limitations. As dive durations increased with warm SST, subtle toxicological effects threaten to increasingly constrain diving and foraging efficiency as climate change progresses, with ecosystem-wide repercussions. |
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388 |
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ISSN |
0013-936X |
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yes |
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Serial |
8632 |
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Author |
Y. Klanten, R.-M. Couture, K. S. Christoffersen, W. F. Vincent, D. Antoniades |
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Title |
Oxygen Depletion in Arctic Lakes: Circumpolar Trends, Biogeochemical Processes, and Implications of Climate Change |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Global Biogeochemical Cycles |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e2022GB007616 |
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Keywords |
Arctic lakes biochemical processes climate change dissolved oxygen freshwater meta-analysis |
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Abstract |
Polar amplification of climate change has the potential to cause large-scale shifts in the dissolved oxygen (DO) dynamics of Arctic lakes, with implications for fish survival, greenhouse gas production, and drinking water quality. While DO is also a sentinel of environmental changes of physical, chemical, and biological nature (e.g., ice cover, temperature, dissolved organic carbon, photosynthesis, and respiration), no synthesis exists of current knowledge of DO dynamics across the diverse freshwater systems of the Arctic. We thus conducted a systematic review of the literature that yielded DO data from 167 sites north of the Subarctic limit (based on vegetation zones), spanning 76 years and including 40 sites with time series. The compilation revealed insufficient observations for adequate representativeness of oxygen dynamics over Arctic ecosystem gradients. We described the main processes controlling DO budgets of Arctic lakes and tested relationships of summer oxygen depletion with maximum depth and latitude. The meta-analysis showed that most sites with low O2 concentrations were shallow (<10 m) and situated toward the southern end of the latitudinal gradient. Permanently stratified lakes with deep, perennially anoxic basins were located toward the northern end of the gradient. By way of a conceptual model, we identified the direct and indirect drivers and mechanisms that lead to changes in oxygen budgets in the context of the warming Arctic. This comprehensive update on available data allowed us to suggest future research directions and recommend the use of moored instruments for continuous all-season observations, combined with modeling, remote sensing, and paleo-reconstructions. |
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1042 |
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ISSN |
1944-9224 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8633 |
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Author |
Samara Danel, Gaël Bardon, Christophe de Franceschi, Léna Bureau, Christophe Barbraud, Karine Delord, Dora Biro, Francesco Bonadonna |
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Title |
Plant consumer innovation in skuas |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Ornithology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
164 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
717-719 |
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Keywords |
Animal innovation Consumer innovation Field observation Novel food Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi |
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Abstract |
We report observations of alien dandelion (Taraxacum officinale group) consumption in an opportunistic predatory seabird, the brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus lonnbergi), from a natural population on île Verte within the Kerguelen archipelago. Observations on a nearby island suggest that this behaviour is not specific to our study area, paving the way to future studies investigating whether this consumer innovation prevails in skua populations and results in dietary benefits. |
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Programme |
109,354 |
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Thesis |
Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
2193-7206 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8635 |
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Author |
S. Véron, A. Bernard, E. Lebreton, C. Rodrigues-Vaz, M. Durand, L. Procopio, M. Hélion, M. Gayot, G. Viscardi, G. A. Krupnick, C. M. S. Carrington, V. Boullet, B. Mallet, A. Dimassi, T. Pailler, J. Hivert, M. Lebouvier, P. Agnola, D. Bruy, G. Gateblé, G. Lannuzel, S. Meyer, O. Gargominy, G. Gigot, V. Invernon, S. Leblond, M. Pignal, S. Tercerie, S. Muller, G. Rouhan |
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Title |
Pre-assessments of plant conservation status in islands: the case of French Overseas Territories |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Biodiversity and Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
1165-1187 |
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Keywords |
Endemics French overseas territories Islands Pre-assessments Red List Tracheophytes |
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Abstract |
Assessment methods have been developed to estimate a preliminary conservation status for species and subsequently to facilitate the building of Red Lists. Such pre-assessment methods could be particularly useful in the French Overseas Territories (FOTs) where Red Lists tend to be out-dated or absent and where a high number of endemic species face detrimental anthropogenic pressures. We first aimed to conduct a preliminary assessment (hereafter, pre-assessment) of the conservation status of endemic plants from Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion, Mayotte, French sub-Antarctic islands, New Caledonia, and Scattered Islands. We then compared the various methods used in conducting the pre-assessment and discussed ways to adapt these methods to small territories. We compiled occurrence data of endemic species identified thanks to a previous taxonomic work and pre-assessed their conservation status under Red List criteria A and B and the use of a Random Forest algorithm. We then measured the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of each method based on existing Red Lists. The Random Forest algorithm and a method based on range-size performed best at correctly attributing conservation status. Using these pre-assessment methods, we estimated that up to 60% of the endemic flora of the FOTs is potentially threatened. Range restriction but also anthropogenic pressures were key factors that explained these risks. Pre-assessment methods are useful tools to get a first measure of species conservation status. These methods should be adapted to the territories considered and their conservation issues in order to reach a good performance. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1572-9710 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8634 |
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Author |
Christopher Hoang, Olivier Magand, Jérôme Brioude, Andrea Dimuro, Christophe Brunet, Claudine Ah-Peng, Yann Bertrand, Aurelien Dommergue, Ying Duan Lei, Frank Wania |
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Title |
Probing the limits of sampling gaseous elemental mercury passively in the remote atmosphere |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Environmental Science: Atmospheres |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
268-281 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Reliably recording very low ambient concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) in remote regions is often required, for example in the context of evaluating how effective the Minamata Convention is in reducing global Hg emissions. However, sampling over extended periods of time at sites that are difficult to access can be very challenging. In order to establish what role inexpensive and easy-to-use passive air samplers may play in this regard, we deployed a sampler using a Radiello diffusive barrier and activated carbon sorbent for periods of up to three years and with sampling periods ranging from one to three months in some of the most extreme, remote and challenging global environments: at Concordia station on the Antarctic plateau, on Amsterdam Island in the remote Southern Indian Ocean and at several sites on the tropical island of La Réunion. The ability to reliably record the GEM concentrations at these sites was strongly influenced by the size of the sequestered amount of mercury relative to the extent and variability of the contamination of field blank samples. In some cases, acceptably low and consistent field blank contamination could only be achieved by storing samplers in sealed glass jars during transport and storage. The size of the sequestered amount is easily increased by extending deployment times, and the experience of the current study suggests that deployment periods in excess of two months are advisable. Sampling in Antarctica was compromised by the extreme low temperatures, which caused unknown sampling rates, hoar frost accumulation, material failure and potential failure of storage seals. While good agreement with GEM concentrations measured with an active sampler was noted on Amsterdam Island, the passive sampler derived levels at the Maïdo Observatory in La Réunion were notably higher than concentrations measured simultaneously with a Tekran vapour analyzer, which was possibly related to sampling rates being temporarily elevated at the very beginning of deployment at low GEM concentrations. |
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Programme |
1028 |
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ISSN |
2634-3606 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
8636 |
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Author |
Alison F. Banwell, Nander Wever, Devon Dunmire, Ghislain Picard |
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Title |
Quantifying Antarctic-Wide Ice-Shelf Surface Melt Volume Using Microwave and Firn Model Data: 1980 to 2021 |
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Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
50 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
e2023GL102744 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Antarctic ice-shelf stability is threatened by surface melt, which has been implicated in several ice-shelf collapse events over recent decades. Here, we first analyze cumulative days of wet snow/ice status (“melt days”) for melt seasons from 1980 to 2021 over Antarctica's ice shelves using passive and active microwave satellite observations. As these observations do not directly reveal meltwater volumes, we calculate these using the physics-based multi-layer snow model SNOWPACK, driven by the global climate-reanalysis model Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2. We find a strong non-linear relationship between melt days and meltwater production volume. SNOWPACK's calculation of melt days shows agreement with observations of both cumulative days, and spatial and interannual variability. Highest melt rates are found on the Peninsula ice shelves, particularly in the 1992/1993 and 1994/1995 austral summers. Over all ice shelves, SNOWPACK calculates a small, but significant, decreasing trend in both annual melt days and meltwater production volume over the 41 years. |
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Programme |
1110 |
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ISSN |
1944-8007 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Serial |
8637 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Apsara Sharma Dhakal, Irene Molinari, Lapo Boschi |
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Title |
Seismic source mapping by surface wave time reversal: application to the great 2004 Sumatra earthquake |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Geophysical Journal International |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
233 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
1018-1035 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Different approaches to map seismic rupture in space and time often lead to incoherent results for the same event. Building on earlier work by our team, we ‘time-reverse’ and ‘backpropagate’ seismic surface wave recordings to study the focusing of the time-reversed field at the seismic source. Currently used source-imaging methods relying on seismic recordings neglect the information carried by surface waves, and mostly focus on the P-wave arrival alone. Our new method combines seismic time reversal approach with a surface wave ray-tracing algorithm based on a generalized spherical-harmonic parametrization of surface wave phase velocity, accounting for azimuthal anisotropy. It is applied to surface wave signal filtered within narrow-frequency bands, so that the inherently 3-D problem of simulating surface wave propagation is separated into a suite of 2-D problems, each of relatively limited computational cost. We validate our method through a number of synthetic tests, then apply it to the great 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, characterized by the extremely large extent of the ruptured fault. Many studies have estimated its rupture characteristics from seismological data (e.g. Lomax, Ni et al., Guilbert et al., Ishii et al., Krüger & Ohrnberger, Jaffe et al.) and geodetic data (e.g. Banerjee et al., Catherine et al., Vigny et al., Hashimoto et al., Bletery et al.). Applying our technique to recordings from only 89 stations of the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) and bandpass filtering the corresponding surface wave signal around 80-to-120, 50-to-110 and 40-to-90 s, we reproduce the findings of earlier studies, including in particular the northward direction of rupture propagation, its approximate spatial extent and duration, and the locations of the areas where most energy appears to be released. |
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Programme |
133 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0956-540X |
ISBN |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8638 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Christoph Keuschnig, Timothy M. Vogel, Elena Barbaro, Andrea Spolaor, Krystyna Koziol, Mats P. Björkman, Christian Zdanowicz, Jean-Charles Gallet, Bartłomiej Luks, Rose Layton, Catherine Larose |
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Title |
Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Microbiome |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35 |
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Keywords |
Arctic Microbial ecology Neutral processes Niche-based selection Snow |
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Abstract |
Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communities can be used to evaluate whether they fit niche-based or neutral assembly theories. |
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Programme |
1192 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2049-2618 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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Serial |
8639 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
