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Author |
Lucien Goulet |
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Title |
Télédétection radar en bande X appliquée à la neige sur la péninsule de Brøgger (Svalbard) |
Type |
Master 1 |
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Year  |
2021 |
Publication |
Université grenoble alpes, master sciences de la terre et de l'environnement |
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23 |
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Dans un contexte de changement climatique, il est important de déterminer avec précision l’évolution actuelle et future des processus environnementaux pouvant avoir un impact sur les populations. Ainsi, connaitre l’évolution saisonnière du couvert neigeux s’avère crucial car c’est une composante du cycle de l’eau, jouant un rôle de stockage au printemps. La télédétection spatiale joue un rôle important pour le suivi de l’évolution du manteau neigeux aux échelles continentale et régionale. Des études ont déjà mis en avant certains avantages du radar en bande X (notamment son signal de phase). L’analyse du lien entre la réponse de plusieurs paramètres polarimétriques (K0, K3, K4, K7, CCOH et le CPD) et des données météorologiques (dont l’épaisseur du manteau), a permis de conforter l’utilité de la bande X pour la cible neige. On note un intérêt pour l’intensité totale (K0) qui s’avère être intéressante pour l’étude de la hauteur totale de neige. La différence de phase (CPD), ne s’avère pas concluante pour retracer l’épaisseur totale du manteau neigeux dans notre cas d’application. En revanche, elle offre un bon diagnostic des chutes de neige fraiche et pour la cartographie du métamorphisme de la neige. |
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1126 |
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yes |
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8756 |
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Michaël Beaulieu, Michael Dähne, Jane Köpp, Coline Marciau, Akiko Kato, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Thierry Raclot |
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Title |
Exploring the interplay between nest vocalizations and foraging behaviour in breeding birds |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
180 |
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Pages |
375-391 |
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Keywords |
bird communication foraging behaviour reproductive partner vocalization |
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In many bird species, reproductive partners sing together each time they meet on the nest. Because these nest ceremonies typically correspond to the return of one partner from foraging and to the subsequent departure of the other partner, we hypothesized that the foraging decisions of departing birds may be facilitated by the vocalizations accompanying their partner's return on the nest, providing these vocalizations reflect foraging conditions. We examined this hypothesis in pairs of Adélie penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae, by longitudinally monitoring their nest vocalizations and their spatial distribution when foraging at sea across the guard stage, when both parents regularly alternate foraging at sea and chick attendance at the nest. We found that the acoustic characteristics of the vocalizations produced during nest relief ceremonies reflected some characteristics of the foraging trips of both the returning and departing partners. However, these acoustic characteristics differed between partners and were differently related to their foraging behaviour. Accordingly, departing individuals did not adopt the same foraging behaviour as that of returning individuals. Nest vocalizations therefore do not appear to represent cues facilitating the foraging decisions of departing birds, but they may rather reflect the arousal of partners, which differently correlates with the foraging behaviour of the returning and departing individuals. Our study highlights an interplay between the vocalizations produced on the nest by reproductive partners and their foraging behaviour, thereby broadening the scope of animal vocalizations and opening a novel perspective on the regulation of foraging strategies. However, our exploratory study also highlights the complexity of examining this interplay, as the effects of nest vocalizations on foraging decisions may be complicated by other factors (e.g. intrinsic foraging capacity). This calls for the use of additional and experimental approaches (e.g. vocalization playbacks) to clarify the role of nest vocalizations as potential mediators of foraging decisions. |
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1091 |
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0003-3472 |
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yes |
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8760 |
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N. Aubone, M. Saraceno, M. L. Torres Alberto, J. Campagna, L. Le Ster, B. Picard, M. Hindell, C. Campagna, C. R. Guinet |
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Title |
Physical changes recorded by a deep diving seal on the Patagonian slope drive large ecological changes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Marine Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
223 |
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Pages |
103612 |
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Keywords |
Elephant seals Malvinas current Patagonian shelf slope Southwestern Atlantic Ocean |
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Abstract |
The Patagonian slope is the region where Subantarctic waters and bathymetry give raise to physical and ecological processes that support a rich biodiversity and a large-scale industrial fisheries. Unique among the species that depend on this region is the deep diving southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina. We report here on changes in the foraging behavior of a female seal explained by the combined effect of a cold and high salinity water mass and a decrease in surface chlorophyll-a concentration. Behavioral and oceanographic data from about 5000 profiles of temperature, conductivity, pressure, light and prey encounters were collected within an area ranging 59.5–61°W and 46–47.5°S, at depths of 300–700 m, on the Patagonian slope, during November–December 2018. A decrease in temperature (0.15 °C) and an increase in salinity (0.03) was found below the mixed layer, during December. Light data revealed a significant increase of irradiance in December (almost reaching the ocean bottom) associated with a decrease of chlorophyll-a in the upper levels. Concomitantly, the seal had a different diving behavior in December, foraging near the surface at night and close to the bottom during daylight hours. Also, the seal doubled the prey capture attempts in December compared to November. This study reveals the importance of ocean physical properties on seal's diving and foraging behavior, and how this changes, although small, can impact on seals diet and body composition during their post-breeding trips. |
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1201 |
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0924-7963 |
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yes |
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Serial |
8771 |
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Author |
Boulinier, T., Betoulle, S., Caza, F., St Pierre, Y., Tornos, J., Gamble, A. &Amp; Tasiemski, A |
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Title |
Panorama des recherches et des derniers résultats sur les pathogènes en milieu polaire |
Type |
Book Chapter |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ipev 2020: rapport d'activité − campagne 2018 2019 |
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Pages |
54-65 |
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Abstract |
Approches complémentaires des interactions hôte-parasite en zones polaire: de la détection de parasites et agents infectieux à l'étude fonctionnelle, écologique et évolutive de leurs interactions avec leurs hôtes. |
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333,1151 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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ISSN |
1246-7375 |
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yes |
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Serial |
6951 |
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Author |
Matthis Auger, Rosemary Morrow, Elodie Kestenare, Jean-Baptiste Sallée, Rebecca Cowley |
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Title |
Southern Ocean in-situ temperature trends over 25 years emerge from interannual variability |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
514 |
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Abstract |
Despite playing a major role in global ocean heat storage, the Southern Ocean remains the most sparsely measured region of the global ocean. Here, a unique 25-year temperature time-series of the upper 800 m, repeated several times a year across the Southern Ocean, allows us to document the long-term change within water-masses and how it compares to the interannual variability. Three regions stand out as having strong trends that dominate over interannual variability: warming of the subantarctic waters (0.29 ± 0.09 °C per decade); cooling of the near-surface subpolar waters (−0.07 ± 0.04 °C per decade); and warming of the subsurface subpolar deep waters (0.04 ± 0.01 °C per decade). Although this subsurface warming of subpolar deep waters is small, it is the most robust long-term trend of our section, being in a region with weak interannual variability. This robust warming is associated with a large shoaling of the maximum temperature core in the subpolar deep water (39 ± 09 m per decade), which has been significantly underestimated by a factor of 3 to 10 in past studies. We find temperature changes of comparable magnitude to those reported in Amundsen–Bellingshausen Seas, which calls for a reconsideration of current ocean changes with important consequences for our understanding of future Antarctic ice-sheet mass loss. |
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694 |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
ISBN |
2041-1723 |
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yes |
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Serial |
7837 |
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Author |
Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev, Françoise Lamy, Najat Takvorian, Nicolas Valentin, Valérie Gouesbet, Françoise Hennion, Thierry Robert |
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Title |
Genome size and chromosome number of ten plant species from Kerguelen Islands |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Polar Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
1985-1999 |
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Abstract |
Kerguelen Islands harbor a unique, probably very ancient flora with a high rate of endemism. However, the evolutionary history and characteristics of this flora still require investigation. This concerns in particular genome size and ploidy level variation, despite the evolutionary and ecological significance of those traits. Here we report the first assessment of genome size, using flow cytometry, for eight plant species of which two are endemics of Kerguelen Islands and four of the South Indian Ocean Province. The 2C DNA value ranged from 1.08 pg for Pringlea antiscorbutica to 11.88 pg for Ranunculus biternatus. The chromosome numbers of Colobanthus kerguelensis (2n = 80), Lyallia kerguelensis (2n = 96) and Poa kerguelensis (2n = 28) were also reported in this study for the first time. Overall, our data allowed to infer that all Kerguelen studied species are polyploid (from tetra- to octopolyploid). Intra-genus comparisons showed significant differences of 2C DNA values among Poa and among Ranunculus species, despite their identical ploidy level. In addition, our data highlight the existence of an intraspecific variability of genome size for the two octoploid species Colobanthus kerguelensis and Lyallia kerguelensis. Finally, our data also support the hypothesis regarding which polyploidy may have played a major role in the adaptation of flowering plants to high latitudes, as it has been suggested for arctic species. |
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1116 |
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1432-2056 |
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yes |
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6212 |
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Author |
David Renault |
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Title |
A Review of the Phenotypic Traits Associated with Insect Dispersal Polymorphism, and Experimental Designs for Sorting out Resident and Disperser Phenotypes |
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Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Insects |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
214 |
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Keywords |
fecundity hostile matrix life-history mating morphology movement range expansion reproduction wing-dimorphic wing-monomorphic |
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Abstract |
Dispersal represents a key life-history trait with several implications for the fitness of organisms, population dynamics and resilience, local adaptation, meta-population dynamics, range shifting, and biological invasions. Plastic and evolutionary changes of dispersal traits have been intensively studied over the past decades in entomology, in particular in wing-dimorphic insects for which literature reviews are available. Importantly, dispersal polymorphism also exists in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects, and except for butterflies, fewer syntheses are available. In this perspective, by integrating the very latest research in the fast moving field of insect dispersal ecology, this review article provides an overview of our current knowledge of dispersal polymorphism in insects. In a first part, some of the most often used experimental methodologies for the separation of dispersers and residents in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects are presented. Then, the existing knowledge on the morphological and life-history trait differences between resident and disperser phenotypes is synthetized. In a last part, the effects of range expansion on dispersal traits and performance is examined, in particular for insects from range edges and invasion fronts. Finally, some research perspectives are proposed in the last part of the review. |
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Programme |
136 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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yes |
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7656 |
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Author |
Thomas Frederikse, Maya K. Buchanan, Erwin Lambert, Robert E. Kopp, Michael Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, Roderik S. W. van de Wal |
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Title |
Antarctic Ice Sheet and emission scenario controls on 21st-century extreme sea-level changes |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Nature Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
390 |
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Abstract |
Uncertainties in Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios and Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) melt propagate into uncertainties in projected mean sea-level (MSL) changes and extreme sea-level (ESL) events. Here we quantify the impact of RCP scenarios and AIS contributions on 21st-century ESL changes at tide-gauge sites across the globe using extreme-value statistics. We find that even under RCP2.6, almost half of the sites could be exposed annually to a present-day 100-year ESL event by 2050. Most tropical sites face large increases in ESL events earlier and for scenarios with smaller MSL changes than extratropical sites. Strong emission reductions lower the probability of large ESL changes but due to AIS uncertainties, cannot fully eliminate the probability that large increases in frequencies of ESL events will occur. Under RCP8.5 and rapid AIS mass loss, many tropical sites, including low-lying islands face a MSL rise by 2100 that exceeds the present-day 100-year event level. |
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688 |
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2041-1723 |
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yes |
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6437 |
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Author |
Sarah Safieddine, Marie Bouillon, Ana-Claudia Paracho, Julien Jumelet, Florent Tencé, Andrea Pazmino, Florence Goutail, Catherine Wespes, Slimane Bekki, Anne Boynard, Juliette Hadji‐Lazaro, Pierre-François Coheur, Daniel Hurtmans, Cathy Clerbaux |
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Title |
Antarctic Ozone Enhancement During the 2019 Sudden Stratospheric Warming Event |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Geophysical Research Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
e2020GL087810 |
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Abstract |
We analyze the 2019 sudden stratospheric warming event that occurred in the Southern Hemisphere through its impact on the Antarctic ozone. Using temperature, ozone, and nitric acid data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), our results show that the average increase in stratospheric temperature reached a maximum of 34.4° on 20 September in the [60–90]°S latitude range when compared to the past 3 years. Dynamical parameters suggest a locally reversed and weakened zonal winds and a shift in the location of the polar jet vortex. This led to air masses mixing, to a reduced polar stratospheric clouds formation detected at a ground station, and as such to lower ozone and nitric acid depletion. 2019 total ozone columns for the months of September, October, and November were on average higher by 29%, 28%, and 26%, respectively, when compared to the 11-year average of the same months. |
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209 |
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1944-8007 |
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1944-8007 |
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yes |
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6954 |
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Ana P. B. Carneiro, Elizabeth J. Pearmain, Steffen Oppel, Thomas A. Clay, Richard A. Phillips, Anne-Sophie Bonnet‐Lebrun, Ross M. Wanless, Edward Abraham, Yvan Richard, Joel Rice, Jonathan Handley, Tammy E. Davies, Ben J. Dilley, Peter G. Ryan, Cleo Small, Javier Arata, John P. Y. Arnould, Elizabeth Bell, Leandro Bugoni, Letizia Campioni, Paulo Catry, Jaimie Cleeland, Lorna Deppe, Graeme Elliott, Amanda Freeman, Jacob González‐Solís, José Pedro Granadeiro, David Grémillet, Todd J. Landers, Azwianewi Makhado, Deon Nel, David G. Nicholls, Kalinka Rexer‐Huber, Christopher J. R. Robertson, Paul M. Sagar, Paul Scofield, Jean-Claude Stahl, Andrew Stanworth, Kim L. Stevens, Philip N. Trathan, David R. Thompson, Leigh Torres, Kath Walker, Susan M. Waugh, Henri Weimerskirch, Maria P. Dias |
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Title |
A framework for mapping the distribution of seabirds by integrating tracking, demography and phenology |
Type |
Journal |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal of Applied Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
514-525 |
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Keywords |
albatrosses at-sea threats conservation distributions longline fisheries megafauna petrels seabird density |
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Abstract |
The identification of geographic areas where the densities of animals are highest across their annual cycles is a crucial step in conservation planning. In marine environments, however, it can be particularly difficult to map the distribution of species, and the methods used are usually biased towards adults, neglecting the distribution of other life-history stages even though they can represent a substantial proportion of the total population. Here we develop a methodological framework for estimating population-level density distributions of seabirds, integrating tracking data across the main life-history stages (adult breeders and non-breeders, juveniles and immatures). We incorporate demographic information (adult and juvenile/immature survival, breeding frequency and success, age at first breeding) and phenological data (average timing of breeding and migration) to weight distribution maps according to the proportion of the population represented by each life-history stage. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by applying it to 22 species of albatrosses and petrels that are of conservation concern due to interactions with fisheries. Because juveniles, immatures and non-breeding adults account for 47%–81% of all individuals of the populations analysed, ignoring the distributions of birds in these stages leads to biased estimates of overlap with threats, and may misdirect management and conservation efforts. Population-level distribution maps using only adult distributions underestimated exposure to longline fishing effort by 18%–42%, compared with overlap scores based on data from all life-history stages. Synthesis and applications. Our framework synthesizes and improves on previous approaches to estimate seabird densities at sea, is applicable for data-poor situations, and provides a standard and repeatable method that can be easily updated as new tracking and demographic data become available. We provide scripts in the R language and a Shiny app to facilitate future applications of our approach. We recommend that where sufficient tracking data are available, this framework be used to assess overlap of seabirds with at-sea threats such as overharvesting, fisheries bycatch, shipping, offshore industry and pollutants. Based on such an analysis, conservation interventions could be directed towards areas where they have the greatest impact on populations. |
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388 |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1365-2664 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
yes |
|
| |
Call Number |
|
Serial |
7655 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
