Lucie A. Malard, Benoit Bergk-Pinto, Rose Layton, Timothy M. Vogel, Catherine Larose, David A. Pearce. (2023). Snow Microorganisms Colonise Arctic Soils Following Snow Melt.
Abstract: Arctic soils are constantly subjected to microbial invasion from either airborne, marine, or animal sources, which may impact local microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. However, in winter, Arctic soils are isolated from outside sources other than snow, which is the sole source of microorganisms. Successful colonisation of soil by snow microorganisms depends on the ability to survive and compete of both, the invading and resident community. Using shallow shotgun metagenome sequencing and amplicon sequencing, this study monitored snow and soil microbial communities throughout snow melt to investigate the colonisation process of Arctic soils. Microbial colonisation likely occurred as all the characteristics of successful colonisation were observed. The colonising microorganisms originating from the snow were already adapted to the local environmental conditions and were subsequently subjected to many similar conditions in the Arctic soil. Furthermore, competition-related genes (e.g. motility and virulence) increased in snow samples as the snow melted. Overall, one hundred potentially successful colonisers were identified in the soil and, thus, demonstrated the deposition and growth of snow microorganisms in soils during melt.
Keywords: Airborne dispersal Arctic ecosystems Bacterial diversity Coalescence Microbial colonisation Snow Soils
Programme: 1192
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. (2023). Surface dynamics and history of the calving cycle of the Astrolabe glacier (Antarctica) derived from optical imagery.
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Christophe Barbraud, Dominique Joubert, Karine Delord. (2023). The demography of the White-headed Petrel at Mayes Island, Kerguelen.
Keywords: Adult survival Breeding Capture-mark-recapture Population growth rate Pterodroma lessonii Seabird
Programme: 109
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Sophie Musset, Karl-Ludwig Klein, Nicolas Fuller, Gaelle Khreich, Antonin Wargnier. (2023). The time profile of relativistic solar particle events as observed by neutron monitors (Vol. 13).
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. (2023). Track and dive-based movement metrics do not predict the number of prey encountered by a marine predator (Vol. 11). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Studying animal movement in the context of the optimal foraging theory has led to the development of simple movement metrics for inferring feeding activity. Yet, the predictive capacity of these metrics in natural environments has been given little attention, raising serious questions of the validity of these metrics. The aim of this study is to test whether simple continuous movement metrics predict feeding intensity in a marine predator, the southern elephant seal (SES; Mirounga leonine), and investigate potential factors influencing the predictive capacity of these metrics.
Keywords: Accelerometry Area-restricted search Diving behavior Foraging behavior Marine predator Prey encounter events
Programme: 109,1201
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. (2023). (Vol. 114).
Abstract: Genome sequences can reveal the extent of inbreeding in small populations. Here, we present the first genomic characterization of type D killer whales, a distinctive eco/morphotype with a circumpolar, subantarctic distribution. Effective population size is the lowest estimated from any killer whale genome and indicates a severe population bottleneck. Consequently, type D genomes show among the highest level of inbreeding reported for any mammalian species (FROH ? 0.65). Detected recombination cross-over events of different haplotypes are up to an order of magnitude rarer than in other killer whale genomes studied to date. Comparison of genomic data from a museum specimen of a type D killer whale that stranded in New Zealand in 1955, with 3 modern genomes from the Cape Horn area, reveals high covariance and identity-by-state of alleles, suggesting these genomic characteristics and demographic history are shared among geographically dispersed social groups within this morphotype. Limitations to the insights gained in this study stem from the nonindependence of the 3 closely related modern genomes, the recent coalescence time of most variation within the genomes, and the nonequilibrium population history which violates the assumptions of many model-based methods. Long-range linkage disequilibrium and extensive runs of homozygosity found in type D genomes provide the potential basis for both the distinctive morphology, and the coupling of genetic barriers to gene flow with other killer whale populations.
Programme: 109
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. (2023). The subantarctic lithospheric mantle (Vol. 56).
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. (2023). A keystone avian predator faces elevated energy expenditure in a warming Arctic (Vol. 104).
Keywords: activity budgets climate change daily energy expenditure dovekie ecotoxicology mercury plasticity sea surface temperature
Programme: 388
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. (2023). Avian Energetics in a Warming Arctic (Vol. 104).
Abstract: The Arctic is warming nearly four times as rapidly as other regions of the planet, challenging the capacity of organisms to cope with shifting resources and maintain thermal balance. Tracking responses of free-living animals in dynamic environments can be challenging, but is increasingly enabled by advanced biologging approaches. We used data gathered from miniaturized bird-borne devices to demonstrate increases in energy expenditure with declining sea ice conditions and warming sea surface temperatures in a dove-sized seabird, the little auk (also named dovekie; Alle alle). This keystone species feeds on sea ice-associated copepods and inhabits large breeding colonies in the High Arctic.
Programme: 388
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Nairita Pal, Kristin N. Barton, Mark R. Petersen, Steven R. Brus, Darren Engwirda, Brian K. Arbic, Andrew F. Roberts, Joannes J. Westerink, Damrongsak Wirasaet. (2023). Barotropic tides in MPAS-Ocean (E3SM V2): impact of ice shelf cavities (Vol. 16).
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