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Author Maxim Lamare, Florent Domine, Jesús Revuelto, Maude Pelletier, Laurent Arnaud, Ghislain Picard
Title Investigating the Role of Shrub Height and Topography in Snow Accumulation on Low-Arctic Tundra using UAV-Borne Lidar Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Journal of Hydrometeorology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 24 Issue 5 Pages 853-871
Keywords
Abstract Abstract Expanding shrubs in the Arctic trap blowing snow, increasing snow height and accelerating permafrost warming. Topography also affects snow height as snow accumulates in hollows. The respective roles of topography and erect vegetation in snow accumulation were investigated using a UAV-borne lidar at two nearby contrasted sites in northern Quebec, Canada. The North site featured tall vegetation up to 2.5 m high, moderate snow height, and smooth topography. The South site featured lower vegetation, greater snow height, and rougher topography. There was little correlation between topography and vegetation height at both sites. Vegetation lower than snow height had very little effect on snow height. When vegetation protruded above the snow, snow height was well correlated with vegetation height. The topographic position index (TPI) was well correlated with snow height when it was not masked by the effect of protruding vegetation. The North site with taller vegetation therefore showed a good correlation between vegetation height and snow height, R2 = 0.37, versus R2 = 0.04 at the South site. Regarding topography, the reverse was observed between TPI and snow height, with R2 = 0.29 at the North site and R2 = 0.67 at the South site. The combination of vegetation height and TPI improved the prediction of snow height at the North site (R2 = 0.59) but not at the South site because vegetation height has little influence there. Vegetation was therefore the main factor determining snow height when it protruded above the snow. When it did not protrude, snow height was mostly determined by topography. Significance Statement Wind-induced snow drifting is a major snow redistribution process in the Arctic. Shrubs trap drifting snow, and drifting snow accumulates in hollows. Determining the respective roles of both these processes in snow accumulation is required to predict permafrost temperature and its emission of greenhouse gases, because thicker snow limits permafrost winter cooling. Using a UAV-borne lidar, we have determined snow height distribution over two contrasted sites in the Canadian low Arctic, with varied vegetation height and topography. When snow height exceeds vegetation height, topography is a good predictor of snow height, with negligible effect of buried vegetation. When vegetation protrudes above the snow, combining both topography and vegetation height is required for a good prediction of snow height.
Programme 1042
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1525-7541, 1525-755X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8541
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Author Hina Watanabe, Kozue Shiomi, Katsufumi Sato, Akinori Takahashi, Yves Handrich, Charles-André Bost
Title King penguins adjust their fine-scale travelling and foraging behaviours to spatial and diel changes in feeding opportunities Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Marine Biology Abbreviated Journal
Volume 170 Issue 3 Pages 29
Keywords Bio-logging Diel vertical migration Dive path Movements Optimal foraging Penguins Seabirds
Abstract Central place foragers such as pelagic seabirds often travel large distances to reach profitable foraging areas. King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are well known for their large-scale foraging movements to the productive Antarctic Polar Front, though their fine-scale travelling and foraging characteristics remain unclear. Here, we investigated the horizontal movements and foraging patterns of king penguins to understand their fine-scale movement decisions during distant foraging trips. We attached multi-channel data loggers that can record depth, speed, tri-axis acceleration, tri-axis magnetism, and environmental temperature of the penguins and obtained data (n = 8 birds) on their horizontal movement rates from reconstructed dive paths and their feeding attempts estimated from rapid changes in swim speed. During transit toward main foraging areas, penguins increased the time spent on shallow travelling dives (< 50 m) at night and around midday, and increased the time spent on deep foraging dives (≥ 50 m) during crepuscular hours. The horizontal movement rates during deep dives were negatively correlated with maximum dive depths, suggesting that foraging at greater depths is associated with a decreased horizontal travelling speed. Penguins concentrated their foraging efforts (more deep dives and higher rates of feeding attempts) at twilight during transit, when prey may be more accessible due to diel vertical migration, while they travelled rapidly at night and midday when prey may be difficult to detect and access. Such behavioural adjustments correspond to a movement strategy adopted by avian deep divers to travel long distances while feeding on prey exhibiting diel vertical migration.
Programme 394
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1432-1793 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8542
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Author Fanny Thibon, Lucas Weppe, Carine Churlaud, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Stéphane Gasparini, Yves Cherel, Paco Bustamante, Nathalie Vigier
Title Lithium isotopes in marine food webs: Effect of ecological and environmental parameters Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Frontiers in Environmental Chemistry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 3 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Non-conventional stable isotopes have received increasing attention in the past decade to investigate multi-level ecological connections from individuals to ecosystems. More recently, isotopes from trace and non-nutrient elements, potentially toxic (i.e., Hg), have also been recognized of great significance to discriminate sources, transports, and bioaccumulation, as well as trophic transfers. In contrast, lithium (Li) concentrations and its isotope compositions (δ7Li) remain poorly documented in aquatic ecosystems, despite its possible accumulation in marine organisms, its increasing industrial production, and its demonstrated hazardous effects on biota. Here, we present the first Li isotope investigation of various soft tissues, organs or whole organisms, from marine plankton, bivalves, cephalopods, crustaceans, and fish of different biogeographical regions [North Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean (Bay of Biscay), South East Pacific Ocean (New Caledonia), and Southern Indian Ocean (Kerguelen Islands)]. Independently of the considered organisms, δ7Li values range widely, from 4.6‰ (digestive gland of bivalves) to 32.0‰ (zooplankton). Compared to homogeneous seawater (δ7Li ∼ 31.2‰ ± .3‰), marine organisms mostly fractionate Li isotopes in favor of the light isotope (6Li). Within the same taxonomic group, significant differences are observed among organs, indicating a key role of physiology on Li concentrations and on the distribution of Li isotopes. Statistically, the trophic position is only slightly related to the average Li isotope composition of soft tissues of marine organisms, but this aspect deserves further investigation at the organ level. Other potential influences are the Li uptake by ingestion or gill ventilation. Overall, this work constitutes the first δ7Li extensive baseline in soft tissues of coastal organisms from different large geographic areas mostly preserved from significant anthropogenic Li contamination.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 2673-4486 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8543
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Author David Cappelletti, Žilvinas Ežerinskis, Justina Šapolaitė, Laurynas Bučinskas, Bartłomiej Luks, Adam Nawrot, Catherine Larose, Paolo Tuccella, Jean Charles Gallet, Stefano Crocchianti, Federica Bruschi, Beatrice Moroni, Andrea Spolaor
Title Long-range transport and deposition on the Arctic snowpack of nuclear contaminated particulate matter Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Journal of Hazardous Materials Abbreviated Journal
Volume 452 Issue Pages 131317
Keywords Arctic Nuclear waste dispersion Rain-on-snow Svalbard Warm and humid events
Abstract The primary environmental concern related to nuclear power is the production of radioactive waste hazardous to humans and the environment. The main scientific and technological problems to address this are related to the storage and disposal of the nuclear waste and monitoring the dispersion of radioactive species into the environment. In this work, we determined an anomalously high 14C activity, well above the modern natural background, on surface and seasonal snow sampled in early May 2019 on glaciers in the Hornsund fjord area (Svalbard). Due to the lack of local sources, the high snow concentrations of 14C suggest long-range atmospheric transport of nuclear waste particles from lower latitudes, where nuclear power plants and treatment stations are located. The analysis of the synoptic and local meteorological data allowed us to associate the long-range transport of this anomalous 14C concentration to an intrusion event of a warm and humid air mass that likely brought pollutants from Central Europe to the Arctic in late April 2019. Elemental and organic carbon, trace element concentration data, and scanning electron microscopy morphological analysis were performed on the same snow samples to better constrain the transport process that might have led to the high 14C radionuclide concentrations in Svalbard. In particular, the highest 14C values found in the snowpack (> 200 percent of Modern Carbon, pMC) were associated with the lowest OC/EC ratios (< 4), an indication of an anthropogenic industrial source, and with the presence of spherical particles rich in iron, zirconium, and titanium which, altogether, suggest an origin related to nuclear waste reprocessing plants. This study highlights the role of long-range transport in exposing Arctic environments to human pollution. Given that the frequency and intensity of these atmospheric warming events are predicted to increase due to ongoing climate change, improving our knowledge of their possible impact to Arctic pollution is becoming urgent.
Programme 1192
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Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0304-3894 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8544
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Author Tifenn Le Bris, Guilhem Barruol, Emmanuel Le Meur, Florent Gimbert, Dimitri Zigone
Title Monitoring the cryoseismic activity of the Astrolabe glacier, Terre Adélie, Antarctica Type Peer-reviewed symposium
Year (down) 2023 Publication Copernicus meetings Abbreviated Journal
Volume EGU23-7489 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract In coastal Antarctica, outlet glaciers exhibit complex dynamics materialized by intense internal deformation, enhanced basal sliding and strong thermo-mechanical interactions with the ocean. Here we aim to use seismic observations to unravel these various processes and their link with glacier and ocean dynamics. As part of the SEIS-ADELICE project (2020-2024) supported by the French Polar Institute IPEV, in January 2022 we deployed four permanent and six temporary (1 month long) broadband seismic stations on and around the Astrolabe Glacier (Terre Adélie, East Antarctica), as well as four ocean-bottom seismometers at sea near the terminus of the floating tongue. In January 2023 we will be supplementing this setup by a temporary network of 50 seismic nodes above the grounding line of the glacier.

Preliminary detection and classification of seismic events reveals a wide variety of cryo-seismic signals. The most pervasive events correspond to icequakes, are located close to the surface, and exhibit clear tidal modulation. We interpret these events as being generated by the brittle fracturing of ice associated with crevasse opening. We also observe numerous short and similar repetitive events of much lower amplitude that are located at few restricted locations near the ice-bedrock interface. These events are likely produced by basal stick-slip over punctual bedrock asperities. Finally, we observe glacial tremors which could result from hydraulic sources at the ice-bedrock interface, although further analysis is required to confirm this hypothesis.

This preliminary work provides useful grounds for deeper analysis to be done in the future on source characteristics and their more quantitative links with glacier dynamics.
Programme 411
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN EGU23-7489 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8545
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Author Martin Beal, Paulo Catry, Richard A. Phillips, Steffen Oppel, John P. Y. Arnould, Maria I. Bogdanova, Mark Bolton, Ana P. B. Carneiro, Corey Clatterbuck, Melinda Conners, Francis Daunt, Karine Delord, Kyle Elliott, Aymeric Fromant, José Pedro Granadeiro, Jonathan A. Green, Lewis Halsey, Keith C. Hamer, Motohiro Ito, Ruth Jeavons, Jeong-Hoon Kim, Nobuo Kokubun, Shiho Koyama, Jude V. Lane, Won Young Lee, Sakiko Matsumoto, Rachael A. Orben, Ellie Owen, Vitor H. Paiva, Allison Patterson, Christopher J. Pollock, Jaime A. Ramos, Paul Sagar, Katsufumi Sato, Scott A. Shaffer, Louise Soanes, Akinori Takahashi, David R. Thompson, Lesley Thorne, Leigh Torres, Yutaka Watanuki, Susan M. Waugh, Henri Weimerskirch, Shannon Whelan, Ken Yoda, José C. Xavier, Maria P. Dias
Title Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identification Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Biological Conservation Abbreviated Journal
Volume 281 Issue Pages 109994
Keywords Animal tracking Area-based conservation Biotelemetry Key biodiversity areas Marine spatial planning Protected areas Sampling effort Spatial consistency
Abstract Animal tracking has afforded insights into patterns of space use in numerous species and thereby informed area-based conservation planning. A crucial consideration when estimating spatial distributions from tracking data is whether the sample of tracked animals is representative of the wider population. However, it may also be important to track animals in multiple years to capture changes in distribution in response to varying environmental conditions. Using GPS-tracking data from 23 seabird species, we assessed the importance of multi-year sampling for identifying important sites for conservation during the chick-rearing period, when seabirds are most spatially constrained. We found a high degree of spatial overlap among distributions from different years in most species. Multi-year sampling often captured a significantly higher portion of reference distributions (based on all data for a population) than sampling in a single year. However, we estimated that data from a single year would on average miss only 5 % less of the full distribution of a population compared to equal-sized samples collected across three years (min: −0.3 %, max: 17.7 %, n = 23). Our results suggest a key consideration for identifying important sites from tracking data is whether enough individuals were tracked to provide a representative estimate of the population distribution during the sampling period, rather than that tracking necessarily take place in multiple years. By providing an unprecedented multi-species perspective on annual spatial consistency, this work has relevance for the application of tracking data to informing the conservation of seabirds.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0006-3207 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8546
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Author Alexander A. Kokhanovsky, Maximillian Brell, Karl Segl, Giovanni Bianchini, Christian Lanconelli, Angelo Lupi, Boyan Petkov, Ghislain Picard, Laurent Arnaud, Robert S. Stone, Sabine Chabrillat
Title First Retrievals of Surface and Atmospheric Properties Using EnMAP Measurements over Antarctica Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Remote Sensing Abbreviated Journal
Volume 15 Issue 12 Pages 3042
Keywords ice grain size light scattering radiative transfer snow albedo snow remote sensing
Abstract The paper presents the first retrievals of clean snow properties using spaceborne hyperspectral observations via the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP). The location close to the Concordia station at the Dome C Plateau (Antarctica) was selected. At this location, the atmospheric effects (except molecular light scattering and absorption) are weak, and the simplified atmospheric correction scheme could be applied. The ice grain size, snow specific surface area, and snow spectral and broadband albedos were retrieved using single-view EnMAP measurements. In addition, we propose a technique to retrieve trace gas concentrations (e.g., water vapor and ozone) from EnMAP observations over the snow surfaces. A close correspondence of satellite and ground-measured parameters was found.
Programme 1110
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2072-4292 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8548
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Author Zhendong Zhang, Jessica C. E. Irving, Frederik J. Simons, Tariq Alkhalifah
Title Seismic evidence for a 1000 km mantle discontinuity under the Pacific Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Nature Communications Abbreviated Journal
Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages 1714
Keywords Geophysics Seismology
Abstract Seismic discontinuities in the mantle are indicators of its thermo-chemical state and offer clues to its dynamics. Ray-based seismic methods, though limited by the approximations made, have mapped mantle transition zone discontinuities in detail, but have yet to offer definitive conclusions on the presence and nature of mid-mantle discontinuities. Here, we show how to use a wave-equation-based imaging method, reverse-time migration of precursors to surface-reflected seismic body waves, to uncover both mantle transition zone and mid-mantle discontinuities, and interpret their physical nature. We observe a thinned mantle transition zone southeast of Hawaii, and a reduction in impedance contrast around 410 km depth in the same area, suggesting a hotter-than-average mantle in the region. Here, we furthermore reveal a 4000–5000 km-wide reflector in new images of the mid mantle below the central Pacific, at 950–1050 km depth. This deep discontinuity exhibits strong topography and generates reflections with polarity opposite to those originating at the 660 km discontinuity, implying an impedance reversal near 1000 km. We link this mid-mantle discontinuity to the upper reaches of deflected mantle plumes upwelling in the region. Reverse-time migration full-waveform imaging is a powerful approach to imaging Earth’s interior, capable of broadening our understanding of its structure and dynamics and shrinking modeling uncertainties.
Programme 133
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2041-1723 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8549
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Author Anne Cillard, Tatiana Fuentes Rodriguez, Jean-Patrice Robin, Pierre Bize, Antoine Stier, Vincent A. Viblanc
Title Sharing your snack: unusual observation of a chick–chick feeding occurrence in colonial king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal
Volume 160 Issue 5 Pages 489-498
Keywords allofeeding chick feeding food sharing learning parental care penguin seabird
Abstract Abstract King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are colonial seabirds presenting an extraordinary breeding cycle. Parents take over 14 months to raise a single chick to independence, upon which fledglings depart at sea for more than a year. Juveniles often return to the colony within the three austral summers following departure, and before the age of first reproduction (around 5–6 years old), possibly to acquire the essential skills involved in breeding. Little to nothing is known on the acquisition of parental behaviour. Here, we report an anecdotal, yet highly unusual, observation of chick–chick feeding behaviour in this species. The behaviour is highly unusual in that two non-sibling chicks, not yet independent, and hatched at different times (early and late) of the same breeding season were observed, the older chick feeding the younger one. Whereas alloparental feeding is known to occur in this species, this is the first reported observation of a chick–chick feeding event. This unusual behaviour raises the question of whether the early social environment plays a role in the acquisition of essential parenting skills in this species.
Programme 119
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0005-7959, 1568-539X ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8550
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Author K. El Hanafi, B. Gomez-Gomez, Z. Pedrero, P. Bustamante, Y. Cherel, D. Amouroux, Y. Madrid
Title Simple and rapid formic acid sample treatment for the isolation of HgSe nanoparticles from animal tissues Type Journal
Year (down) 2023 Publication Analytica Chimica Acta Abbreviated Journal
Volume 1250 Issue Pages 340952
Keywords Mercury Sample treatment Seabirds Selenium spICP-MS Tiemannite
Abstract The present work explores for the first time the potential of formic acid on the extraction of tiemannite (HgSe) nanoparticles from seabird tissues, in particular giant petrels. Mercury (Hg) is considered one of the top ten chemicals of major public health concern. However, the fate and metabolic pathways of Hg in living organisms remain unknown. Methylmercury (MeHg), largely produced by microbial activity in the aquatic ecosystems is biomagnified in the trophic web. HgSe is considered the end-product of MeHg demethylation in biota and an increasing number of studies focuses on the characterization of this solid compound to understand its biomineralization. In this study, a conventional enzymatic treatment is compared with a simpler and environmentally friendly extraction by using formic acid (5 mL of = 50 % formic acid) as exclusive reagent. The analyses by spICP-MS of the resulting extracts from a variety of seabird biological tissues (liver, kidneys, brain, muscle) reveal comparable results by both extraction approaches in terms of nanoparticles stability and extraction efficiency. Therefore, the results included in this work demonstrate the good performance of employing organic acid as simple, cost effective and green procedure to extract HgSe nanoparticles from animal tissues. Moreover, an alternative consisting of a classical enzymatic procedure but with ultrasonic assistance reducing the extraction time from 12 h to 2 min is also described for the first time. The sample processing methodologies developed, combined with spICP-MS, have emerged as powerful tools for the rapid screening and quantification of HgSe nanoparticles in animal tissues. Finally, this combination allowed us to identify the possible occurrence of Cd particles and As particles associated with HgSe NPs in seabirds.
Programme 109
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Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2670 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Serial 8551
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