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Lewden, A, Ward, C, Avril, S, Abolivier, L, Gérard, C, Hammer, Tl, Robin, J-p, Viblanc, Va, Bize, P, And Stier, A. . (2022). Surface temperatures are influenced by handling stress independently of glucocorticoid levels in wild king penguins. .
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Téchiné P., L. Testut, M. Calzas, A. Guillot, C. Drezen, C. Brachet, L. Fichen, T. Donal, V. Kérébel. (2022).
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. (2022). (Vol. 13).
Abstract: Laboratory investigations on terrestrial model-species, typically of temperate origin, have demonstrated that terrestrial ectotherms can cope with daily temperature variations through rapid hardening responses. However, few studies have investigated this ability and its physiological basis in the field. Especially in polar regions, where the temporal and spatial temperature variations can be extreme, are hardening responses expected to be important. Here, we examined diurnal adjustments in heat and cold tolerance in the Greenlandic seed bug Nysius groenlandicus by collecting individuals for thermal assessment at different time points within and across days. We found a significant correlation between observed heat or cold tolerance and the ambient microhabitat temperatures at the time of capture, indicating that N. groenlandicus continuously and within short time-windows respond physiologically to thermal changes and/or other environmental variables in their microhabitats. Secondly, we assessed underlying metabolomic fingerprints using GC-MS metabolomics in a subset of individuals collected during days with either low or high temperature variation. Concentrations of metabolites, including sugars, polyols, and free amino acids varied significantly with time of collection. For instance, we detected elevated sugar levels in animals caught at the lowest daily field temperatures. Polyol concentrations were lower in individuals collected in the morning and evening and higher at midday and afternoon, possibly reflecting changes in temperature. Additionally, changes in concentrations of metabolites associated with energetic metabolism were observed across collection times. Our findings suggest that in these extreme polar environments hardening responses are marked and likely play a crucial role for coping with microhabitat temperature variation on a daily scale, and that metabolite levels are actively altered on a daily basis.
Programme: 136
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. (2022). Global reference seismological data sets: multimode surface wave dispersion (Vol. 228).
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. (2022). (Vol. 456).
Keywords: Basaltic coast Boulder Cliff-top Iceland Storm Survey
Programme: 1216
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Blévin P., Chastel O., Angelier F., Bech C., Bustamante P., Bustnes J.o., Herzke D., Goutte A., Jouanneau W., Krogseth I.s., Léandri-breton D.j., Moe B., Sagerup K., Sebastiano M., Stople T., Tartu S., Eulaers I., Gabrielsen G.w. (2022). Temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants in a high Arctic seabird over 15 years: influenced by climate variability and dietary plasticity?.
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. (2022). Atmospheric waves and global seismoacoustic observations of the January 2022 Hunga eruption, Tonga (Vol. 377).
Abstract: The 15 January 2022 climactic eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga, produced an explosion in the atmosphere of a size that has not been documented in the modern geophysical record. The event generated a broad range of atmospheric waves observed globally by various ground-based and spaceborne instrumentation networks. Most prominent was the surface-guided Lamb wave (?0.01 hertz), which we observed propagating for four (plus three antipodal) passages around Earth over 6 days. As measured by the Lamb wave amplitudes, the climactic Hunga explosion was comparable in size to that of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. The Hunga eruption produced remarkable globally detected infrasound (0.01 to 20 hertz), long-range (~10,000 kilometers) audible sound, and ionospheric perturbations. Seismometers worldwide recorded pure seismic and air-to-ground coupled waves. Air-to-sea coupling likely contributed to fast-arriving tsunamis. Here, we highlight exceptional observations of the atmospheric waves.
Programme: 133
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Desika Moodley, Elena Angulo, Ross N. Cuthbert, Brian Leung, Anna Turbelin, Ana Novoa, Melina Kourantidou, Gustavo Heringer, Phillip J. Haubrock, David Renault, Marine Robuchon, Jean Fantle-Lepczyk, Franck Courchamp, Christophe Diagne. (2022). Surprisingly high economic costs of biological invasions in protected areas (Vol. 24).
Abstract: Biological invasions are one of the main threats to biodiversity within protected areas (PAs) worldwide. Meanwhile, the resilience of PAs to invasions remains largely unknown. Consequently, providing a better understanding of how they are impacted by invasions is critical for informing policy responses and optimally allocating resources to prevention and control strategies. Here we use the InvaCost database to address this gap from three perspectives: (i) characterizing the total reported costs of invasive alien species (IAS) in PAs; (ii) comparing mean observed costs of IAS in PAs and non-PAs; and (iii) evaluating factors affecting mean observed costs of IAS in PAs. Our results first show that, overall, the reported economic costs of IAS in PAs amounted to US$ 22.24 billion between 1975 and 2020, of which US$ 930.61 million were observed costs (already incurred) and US$ 21.31 billion were potential costs (extrapolated or predicted). Expectedly, most of the observed costs were reported for management (73%) but damages were still much higher than expected for PAs (24%); in addition, the vast majority of management costs were reported for reactive, post-invasion actions (84% of management costs, focused on eradication and control). Second, differences between costs in PAs and non-PAs varied among continents and environments. We found significantly higher IAS costs in terrestrial PA environments compared to non-PAs, while regionally, Europe incurred higher costs in PAs and Africa and Temperate Asia incurred higher costs in non-PAs. Third, characterization of drivers of IAS costs within PAs showed an effect of environments (higher costs in terrestrial environments), continents (higher in Africa and South America), taxa (higher in invertebrates and vertebrates than plants) and Human Development Index (higher in more developed countries). Globally, our findings indicate that, counterintuitively, PAs are subject to very high costs from biological invasions. This highlights the need for more resources to be invested in the management of IAS to achieve the role of PAs in ensuring the long term conservation of nature. Accordingly, more spatially-balanced and integrative studies involving both scientists and stakeholders are required.
Keywords: Biodiversity conservation InvaCost Invasive alien species Management actions Monetary impacts Protection status
Programme: 136
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Fernando Arce, Mark A. Hindell, Clive R. McMahon, Simon J. Wotherspoon, Christophe Guinet, Robert G. Harcourt, Sophie Bestley. (2022). Elephant seal foraging success is enhanced in Antarctic coastal polynyas (Vol. 289). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Antarctic polynyas are persistent open water areas which enable early and large seasonal phytoplankton blooms. This high primary productivity, boosted by iron supply from coastal glaciers, attracts organisms from all trophic levels to form a rich and diverse community. How the ecological benefit of polynya productivity is translated to the highest trophic levels remains poorly resolved. We studied 119 southern elephant seals feeding over the Antarctic shelf and demonstrated that: (i) 96% of seals foraging here used polynyas, with individuals spending on average 62% of their time there; (ii) the seals exhibited more area-restricted search behaviour when in polynyas; and (iii) these seals gained more energy (indicated by increased buoyancy from greater fat stores) when inside polynyas. This higher-quality foraging existed even when ice was not present in the study area, indicating that these are important and predictable foraging grounds year-round. Despite these energetic advantages from using polynyas, not all the seals used them extensively. Factors other than food supply may influence an individual's choice in their use of feeding grounds, such as exposure to predation or the probability of being able to return to distant sub-Antarctic breeding sites.
Keywords: body condition drift rates foraging behaviour Mirounga leonina post-polynyas Southern Ocean
Programme: 109,1201
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. (2022). Fellfields of the Kerguelen Islands harbour specific soil microbiomes and rhizomicrobiomes of an endemic plant facing necrosis (Vol. 2).
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