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Oihana Boudreau. (2022).
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Roman Dubreucque. (2022). Modifications du fonctionnement écologique de systèmes aquatiques aux Iles Kerguelen..
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Yanzhi Cao, Zhuang Jiang, Becky Alexander, Jihong Cole-Dai, Joel Savarino, Joseph Erbland, Lei Geng. (2022). On the potential fingerprint of the Antarctic ozone hole in ice-core nitrate isotopes: a case study based on a South Pole ice core (Vol. 22).
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. (2022). Rapid radiation of Southern Ocean shags in response to receding sea ice (Vol. 49).
Keywords: biogeography climate cycles cormorant Leucocarbo Southern Ocean speciation sub-Antarctic
Programme: 394
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D. Noll, F. Leon, D. Brandt, P. Pistorius, C. Le Bohec, F. Bonadonna, P. N. Trathan, A. Barbosa, A. Raya Rey, G. P. M. Dantas, R. C. K. Bowie, E. Poulin, J. A. Vianna. (2022). Positive selection over the mitochondrial genome and its role in the diversification of gentoo penguins in response to adaptation in isolation (Vol. 12). Bachelor's thesis, , .
Abstract: Although mitochondrial DNA has been widely used in phylogeography, evidence has emerged that factors such as climate, food availability, and environmental pressures that produce high levels of stress can exert a strong influence on mitochondrial genomes, to the point of promoting the persistence of certain genotypes in order to compensate for the metabolic requirements of the local environment. As recently discovered, the gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) comprise four highly divergent lineages across their distribution spanning the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. Gentoo penguins therefore represent a suitable animal model to study adaptive processes across divergent environments. Based on 62 mitogenomes that we obtained from nine locations spanning all four gentoo penguin lineages, we demonstrated lineage-specific nucleotide substitutions for various genes, but only lineage-specific amino acid replacements for the ND1 and ND5 protein-coding genes. Purifying selection (dN/dS?1) is the main driving force in the protein-coding genes that shape the diversity of mitogenomes in gentoo penguins. Positive selection (dN/dS?>?1) was mostly present in codons of the Complex I (NADH genes), supported by two different codon-based methods at the ND1 and ND4 in the most divergent lineages, the eastern gentoo penguin from Crozet and Marion Islands and the southern gentoo penguin from Antarctica respectively. Additionally, ND5 and ATP6 were under selection in the branches of the phylogeny involving all gentoo penguins except the eastern lineage. Our study suggests that local adaptation of gentoo penguins has emerged as a response to environmental variability promoting the fixation of mitochondrial haplotypes in a non-random manner. Mitogenome adaptation is thus likely to have been associated with gentoo penguin diversification across the Southern Ocean and to have promoted their survival in extreme environments such as Antarctica. Such selective processes on the mitochondrial genome may also be responsible for the discordance detected between nuclear- and mitochondrial-based phylogenies of gentoo penguin lineages.
Keywords: Evolution Evolutionary genetics
Programme: 137,354
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Piero Poli, Nikolai M. Shapiro. (2022). (Vol. 49).
Keywords: backprojection seismology source surface waves Tonga volcanology
Programme: 133
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Dimas Sianipar, Bor-Shouh Huang, Kuo-Fong Ma, Ming-Che Hsieh, Po-Fei Chen, D. Daryono. (2022). (Vol. 229).
Keywords: Asperities Finite-fault Flores Thrust Rupture Source-time-functions
Programme: 133
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. (2022). Sub-millennial climate variability from high resolution water isotopes in the EDC ice core.
Abstract: The EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core provides the longest continuous climatic record covering the last 800 000 years (800 kyrs). Obtaining homogeneous high resolution measurements and accounting for diffusion provide a unique opportunity to study the evolution of decadal to millennial variability within the past glacial and interglacial periods. We present here a compilation of high resolution (11 cm) water isotopic records with 27 000 ?18O measurements and 7 920 ?D measurements (covering respectively 94 % and 27 % of the whole EDC record), including published and new measurements (2 900 for both ?18O and ?D) over the last 800 kyrs on the EDC ice core. We show that overlapping measurement series performed over multiple depth ranges over the past 20 years, using different analytical methods and in different laboratories, are consistent within analytical uncertainty, and therefore can be combined to provide a homogeneous data set. A frequency decomposition of the most complete ?18O record and a simple assessment of the possible influence of diffusion on the measured profile shows that the variability during glacial periods at multi-decadal to multi-centennial timescale is higher than variability of the interglacial periods. This analysis shows as well that during interglacial periods characterized by a temperature optimum at its beginning, the multi-centennial variability is the strongest over this temperature optimum.
Programme: 1110
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Bruyant, F., Amiraux, R., Amyot, M. P., Archambault, P., Artigue, L., Bardedo de Freitas, L., ...Fort, J.,... & Babin, M. (2022). The Green Edge cruise: Understanding the onset, life and fate of the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom.
Abstract: The Green Edge project was designed to investigate the onset, life and fate of a phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) in the Arctic Ocean. The lengthening of the ice-free period and the warming of seawater, amongst other factors, have induced major changes in arctic ocean biology over the last decades. Because the PSB is at the base of the Arctic Ocean food chain, it is crucial to understand how changes in the arctic environment will affect it. Green Edge was a large multidisciplinary collaborative project bringing researchers and technicians from 28 different institutions in seven countries, together aiming at understanding these changes and their impacts into the future. The fieldwork for the Green Edge project took place over two years (2015 and 2016) and was carried out from both an ice-camp and a research vessel in the Baffin Bay, canadian arctic. This paper describes the sampling strategy and the data set obtained from the research cruise, which took place aboard the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in spring 2016. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).
Programme: 388
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Dietz R., Letcher R.J., Ackerman, J.T. Barst B.D., Basu N., Chastel O., Chételat J., Dastnau S., Desforges J.P., Eagles-Smith C.A., Eulaers I., Fort J., Nabe-Nielsen J., Sonne C.., Wilson S. (2022). What are the toxicological effects of mercury in Arctic biota?.
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